完善社会保障性住房制度

针对目前城镇住房保障体系存在的一系列问题,阐述了住房社会保障范围、保障性住房的建设资金、用地的筹措、住房租金管理制度及分配制度,结合社会保障性住房的特点,提出了完善社会保障性住房制度的合理建议。     

保障性住房的社会效率和公平问题及改进建议

通过分析我国保障性住房建设的现状,指出保障性住房在促进社会公平、提高社会效率方面起着积极的作用,同时指出保障性住房实施中存在的一些问题。基于社会效率以及社会公平,对我国保障性住房项目的建设和管理提出合理化建议。     

国外租赁住房的持有方式与运营特点

正国际上,一般将住房所有形式分为住房自有、社会租赁、市场租赁三大类。住房自有是指住自有产权的房屋,社会租赁是指住政府或非营利组织提供的保障性租赁住房,市场租赁是指在住房市场上租住房屋。由于各国住房制度不同,三者的占比各不相同(表1)。就租赁住房的投资运营主体而言,大多数国家的经验表明,在市场租赁中,一般以个人投资者提供住房为主,机构投资者、公司持有运营租赁住房为辅;在社会租赁中,一般由政府或者非营组织持有运营。     

荷兰社会住房政策体系对公共租赁住房建设的启示

自20世纪初以来,荷兰对于社会住房建设积累了丰富的实践经验。其中,荷兰独特的政策与社会住房体系在一百多年内的演变,以及政府与社会住房机构在不同历史阶段所扮演的角色差异是本文讨论的主要内容。总体来看,随着社会住房机构的逐渐独立,政府的决定权在不断下放,社会住房机构在良好的社会住房管理体制和积极的房地产发展下,从依靠政府贷款走向了经济独立的发展模式,从而成为荷兰社会住房建设的主体。此外,租金管制与住房补贴制度也较大地推动了社会住房的发展。随着中国保障性住房建设进程的加快,公共租赁住房将在保障房建设中扮演越来越重要的角色,但当前大城市公共租赁住房的建设普遍面临着土地、融资和管理等诸多难题。荷兰社会住房的建设经验可以为中国公租房建设在机构设置和政策制定方面提供一定的借鉴。     

政府监管、非营利机构运营的荷兰社会住房发展模式

荷兰的社会住房以覆盖面广、居住品质高等特点著称。在百余年的长期发展中,荷兰形成了在政府授权和监管下,由独立非营利机构"住房协会"以市场化方式提供和管理社会住房的发展模式。本文聚焦于荷兰社会住房发展中政府和住房协会的不同角色、住房协会的管理与运营框架,以及对住房协会社会责任的约束和监督机制,以期为我国保障性住房的发展与管理提供有益的经验借鉴与启示。     

保障性住房的社会评价

社会保障性住房制度是目前我国大力推行的住房制度,其实施必将对社会产生积极影响。本文探讨了保障性住房的社会评价指标和内容,分析了保障性住房的现实意义,并对保障性住房的建设提出建议。     

社会住房与住房权

社会住房,又称公共住房或保障性住房,并不存在统一的概念定义,但世界各国对社会住房的概念定义都普遍强调以下几点.一是社会住房多为公共机构所有,并由其负责建设维护与运营管理,这其中既包括各级政府及其管辖的各类公共管理机构,也包括私营部门的各种非营利组织;二是社会住房主要面向社会上的低收入阶层,提供可满足基本生活需求的可支付住房(affordable housing);三是社会住房的获得和使用受到严格限制,特别是住房的租金水平和租户的收入水平.     

社会流动视野下廉租住房退出机制研究

廉租住房制度是保障社会低收入群体住房权益的重要举措。在社会流动的作用下,廉租住房管理受社会群体收入双向变动和住房梯度消费需求的影响,呈现出进入—退出—进入的动态格局,其中退出机制是实现保障性住房资源有效配置的关键。但是,目前廉租住房退出机制的运行仍面临着政府重视程度不够、收入监测机制缺乏、规章政策层级较低、激励配套制度欠缺等困境,降低了廉租住房资源利用效能,损害了社会公平正义。本文从加强政策宣传、住房征信、动态管理、制度立法、配套激励等方面,提出了构建廉租住房动态管理格局的改进思路。     

欧洲混合居住政策效应的研究述评及启示

不同社会阶层的混合居住是很多欧洲国家应对社会排斥、实施城市复兴的核心政策。目前,欧洲国家普遍采取的混合居住政策是推动住房所有权类型的多样化,即通过拆除、出售社会住房和将废弃的社会住房改建为私人住房来吸引较高收入群体迁入到社会住房邻里,或者要求新发展地区有一定比例的社会住房。通过对相关研究文献的综述和分析发现,混合居住政策的效果总体是积极的,但仍然对其存在很多争议,有些问题需要进一步的考证。欧洲经验为我国城市发展提供了有益的借鉴,尤其是为我国经济适用住房和廉租房的发展提供了启示。在住房市场化的同时,我国城市政府应加强政策干预,在确保低收入群体住房权益的同时,应逐步引导不同阶层的混合与和谐,避免大规模贫困集中现象。     

关于社会保障性住房建设运营一体化管理的探讨

随着我国城镇化发展和经济高速发展,解决低收入家庭及引进人才的住房需求已经成为重大社会民生问题.通过保障性住房建设运营一体化管理、优化保障性住房适用性布局设计、强化施工质量监管,力求有效提高居民对保障性住房的入住满意度,从而进一步解决社会民生住房问题、保障社会稳定,为地区经济发展引进高端人才.     

可达性·愉悦性·可持续性——论城市道路交通环境设计的社会学价值

目前，我国的城市道路交通环境设计重功能、重景观，而忽视了其所应具有的可达性、愉悦性与可持续性等社会属性。道路交通环境的规划建设切实关系到社会公平、人的自由全面发展及社会资本积累等几方面的社会问题，应针对不同的交通方式制定不同的设计原则，以增进社会的可持续发展。     

科学、价值与判断在环境影响评估架构中之整合

公共政策研拟,尤其是环境影响评估,不仅牵涉技术性科学层面,同时涵盖社会性价值评估与政策性决策判断。旨在探讨如何将科学、价值与判断等因素合理融合于环境影响评估作业过程中,并据此研拟一环境影响评估架构,作为中国台湾地区环保部门开发案审核依据之参考。本文所研拟之环境影响评估架构的理论基础包括社会选择理论、社会判断理论及多属性评估方法。通过社会选择理论分析环境政策制定的机制;通过社会判断理论解释科学与价值如何整合于政策制定及其可行性中;而通过多属性评估方法建立开发案评选的集体决策技术。以山坡地开发为例说明此架构在实践中的应用。     

Urban Social Policy,Race, Aimd The Education Of Planners

This paper examines the impact of contemporary urban social problems, especially those related to race and the black ghetto, on the planning profession in general and the education of planners in particular. Several dimensions of the planner's role are discussed, leading to the making of a case for a greatly intensified effort in the training of social policy planners. Kecommendations are made concerning the content and structure ivhich should characterize such new training programs.     

Social capital,social economy and economic resilience of Italian provinces

This paper investigates the relationship between the social capital and economic resilience of Italian provinces during the Great Recession. It focuses on social economy organizations' internal and external relational dimensions to proxy forms of bonding and bridging social capital. Through an econometric analysis, I find that indicators depicting the diffusion of volunteering and cooperative employment are positively related to a measure of resilience, confirming the hypothesis that social capital can shape local reactions to crises. I also find a negative relationship between the local resilience and social cooperatives' density, highlighting how the latter indicator does not seize virtuous forms of social capital.     

Paradox between neoliberal urban redevelopment,heritage conservation,and community needs: Case study of a historic neighbourhood in Tianjin,China

Today, China's inner-city redevelopment has evolved into the neoliberalism phase, which is characterized by market orientation, privatization, commodification, and short-term returns; this phase generally involves massive demolition and eviction, resulting in serious conflicts between land-based economic growth, heritage conservation, and social justice. The local community is susceptible to social, cultural, and economic impacts of redevelopment, as well as heritage conservation activities. Thereby, the perspectives of residents on these two components of the urban development agenda help to re-examine the demolition–conservation controversy from the perspective of social well-being. Based on an in-progress case in Tianjin, this study clarifies the multi-faceted paradox posed by the demolition–conservation dichotomy at the locality level. Further, the study performs an ex-ante investigation on the needs, concerns, and attitudes of the local community and dissects related contradictions with the local government's rationale for redevelopment, which is a prerequisite for facilitating responsive and democratic urban planning.     

美英法三国硕士研究生教育制度与社会条件的关系研究

硕士研究生教育制度的发展离不开外界条件的影响和作用,特别是社会条件的作用。对美英法三国近现代硕士研究生教育制度与社会条件之间的关系进行比较分析,发现并总结其规律,探索其成功经验,对于改革完善我国硕士研究生教育制度具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Efficacy beliefs,sense of unfairness,and participation in LULU activism

Many waste management facilities are locally unwanted land uses (LULUs). While the issue of LULU siting has attracted significant academic attention, attempts to explain local residents' participation in social movements against LULUs are limited. In particular, knowledge about how proxy efficacy belief and sense of unfairness shape individuals' participation in collective actions is limited. Building upon the collective interest model, this study develops a theoretical model for explaining local residents' participation in social movements against proposals related to LULU siting. The model is tested with the empirical data obtained in Hong Kong. The analysis results reveal that perceived self, group and proxy efficacies, perception of unfairness in the siting process, collective identity of victim, and peer influence are determinants of local activism against LULUs. These discoveries enrich the body of knowledge on the exercise of siting LULUs and opposition from local communities. The findings also contribute to better understanding of the roles of different efficacy beliefs in social mobilization. Research limitations and potentials for future research are discussed.     

Resilient cities: meaning, models, and metaphor for integrating the ecological, socio-economic, and planning realms

Urban designers, ecologists, and social scientists have called for closer links among their disciplines. We examine a promising new tool for promoting this linkage—the metaphor of “cities of resilience.” To put this tool to best use, we indicate how metaphor fits with other conceptual tools in science. We then present the two opposing definitions of resilience from ecology, and give reasons why one is more appropriate for linking with design. Additional specific tools and insights that are emerging from, or being increasingly used in, ecology can further support the linkage with urban design. These include recognizing the role of spatial heterogeneity in both ecological and social functioning of urban areas, the integrating power of watersheds, social and ecological patch dynamics of cities, the utility of spatial mosaic models to capture function, the use of an integrated “human ecosystem” modeling framework, and the consequent perspective of metropolitan areas as integrated ecological-social systems. Three additional tools are related to the adaptability of people and human institutions. First is the recognition of a “learning loop” in metropolitan ecosystems in which people respond to and affect ecological change, the use of urban design as experiments whose ecological and social outcomes can be measured, and finally the potency of a dialog between professionals and citizens, communities, and institutions, to support both research and design. The metaphor of resilience, and its technical specifications, draw these diverse strands for linking ecology and planning together.     

The geographic distribution of social housing in Ontario,Canada: Comparing public housing and locally sponsored,third sector housing

This paper provides a perspective on the contemporary debate over the production of social housing. Its main focus is on the issue that geographic patterns of service levels may be related to the type of supply program in place. The paper describes the social housing programs in Ontario, Canada over the post‐war period. Two main approaches have been taken: public housing, an essentially centralized program; and locally sponsored, third sector housing provided through non‐profit corporations and co‐operatives. The programs operated in different time periods and the analysis suggests they do have distinctive geographic distributions. The distribution of public housing shows strong correlations with need as defined by the incidence of poor housing conditions and mother‐led families. Provision under the localized program is also strongly correlated with the incidence of mother‐led families; however, the most consistent associations are with measures of socio‐economic status. These results may be partly understood in terms of the changing concept of housing need over the temporal span of the study. Program influences may be that the centralized nature of the public housing program enabled the direction of allocations to high need areas; whereas under the localized program the distribution is more closely related to the social differentiation of leadership roles in service provision under a third sector delivery model. As this approach becomes more prevalent it may be important to examine its potential impacts on service provision.