Parametric analysis of the end face engagement worm gear

A novel specific type of worm drive, so-called end face engagement worm gear(EFEWD), is originally presented to minimize or overcome the gear backlash. Different factors, including the three different types, contact curves, tooth profile, lubrication angle and the induced normal curvature are taken into account to investigate the meshing characteristics and create the profile of a novel specific type of worm drive through mathematical models and theoretical analysis. The tooth of the worm wheel is very specific with the sine-shaped tooth which is located at the alveolus of the worm and the tooth profile of a worm is generated by the meshing movement of the worm wheel with the sine-shaped tooth, but just the end face of the worm(with three different typical meshing types) is adapted to meshing, and therefore an extraordinary manufacturing methods is used to generate the profile of the end face engagement worm. The research results indicates that the bearing contacts of the generated conjugate hourglass worm gear set are in line contacts, with certain advantages of no-backlash, high precision and high operating efficiency over other gears and gear systems besides the end face engagement worm gear drive may improve bearing contact, reduce the level of transmission errors and lessen the sensitivity to errors of alignment. Also, the end face engagement worm can be easily made with superior meshing and lubrication performance compared with the conventional techniques. In particular, the meshing and lubrication performance of the end face engagement worm gear by using the end face to meshing can be increased over 10% and 7%, respectively. This investigate is expect to provide a new insight on the design of the future no-backlash worm drive for industry.     

无侧隙双滚子包络环面蜗杆传动的啮合性能分析

基于空间啮合原理,建立了无侧隙双滚子包络环面蜗杆传动的啮合方程、接触线方程以及蜗杆的齿面方程,推导了该传动的诱导法曲率、自转角、润滑角及相对卷吸速度公式.基于MATALB开发了传动的啮合性能分析系统,分析了无侧隙双滚子包络环面蜗杆传动的滚柱半径、蜗杆喉径系数、滚柱偏距和齿周角等参数对传动啮合性能参数的影响.     

用包络理论建立端面蜗轮副的通用数学模型

对一种新型的蜗杆传动——端面蜗轮副分析和建立了数学模型,运用包络理论,建立了端面蜗轮副的通用齿面方程,分析计算了齿面的综合曲率。为这类蜗杆传动的研制和CAD系统的开发奠定了基础。     

变齿厚渐开线齿轮包络环面蜗杆传动啮合性能分析

为准确掌握变齿厚渐开线齿轮包络环面蜗杆传动的宏微观啮合性能及各设计参数对啮合性能的影响,建立了传动副数学模型,推导出啮合几何学方程,研究了螺旋角、传动比、法向模数及压力角等主要设计参数对啮合性能的影响规律;综合考虑选取优化设计参数并进行传动副样件加工,通过传动副对检试验考察了接触斑点的分布情况。分析结果表明：在满足环面蜗杆喉部中径强度和刚度要求的情况下,适当螺旋角、较大传动比、较大法向模数和较大压力角会获得优异的接触线分布、接触区域和较优的微观啮合质量;右侧的微观啮合质量优于左侧的微观啮合质量;传动副样件接触斑点与理论分析结果一致,右侧齿面接触斑点分布更好,验证了分析方法的正确性。     

Modification design method for an enveloping hourglass worm gear with consideration of machining and misalignment errors

The influences of machining and misalignment errors play a very critical role in the performance of the anti-backlash double-roller enveloping hourglass worm gear(ADEHWG).However,a corresponding efficient method for eliminating or reducing these errors on the tooth profile of the ADEHWG is seldom reported.The gear engagement equation and tooth profile equation for considering six different errors that could arise from the machining and gear misalignment are derived from the theories of differential geometry and gear meshing.Also,the tooth contact analysis(TCA) is used to systematically investigate the influence of the machining and misalignment errors on the contact curves and the tooth profile by means of numerical analysis and three-dimensional solid modeling.The research results show that vertical angular misalignment of the worm wheel(Δβ) has the strongest influences while the tooth angle error(Δα) has the weakest influences on the contact curves and the tooth profile.A novel efficient approach is proposed and used to minimize the effect of the errors in manufacturing by changing the radius of the grinding wheel and the approaching point of contact.The results from the TCA and the experiment demonstrate that this tooth profile design modification method can indeed reduce the machining and misalignment errors.This modification design method is helpful in understanding the manufacturing technology of the ADEHWG.     

基于两类特征函数的准双曲面齿轮运动特性分析

从经典空间啮合理论出发,定义了共轭曲面两类基本特征函数和特征矢量,阐述了两类特征函数在共轭曲面啮合特性分析中的作用,给出了共轭曲面啮合运动有关参数的表达方式。应用两类特征函数,对准双曲面齿轮啮合运动特性进行了研究,分析了刀盘半径对齿面卷吸速度、滑滚比、综合曲率半径的影响规律。结果证明,小的刀盘半径有利于改善齿轮副的接触和润滑性能。为齿面进一步拓扑设计和啮合性能控制奠定了基础。     

核电循环泵行星齿轮热弹流润滑研究

核电齿轮箱的良好润滑性能是核电循环泵可靠运行的重要保障,充分考虑齿面形貌和齿廓修形等因素对内/外啮合齿轮副的影响是准确评估其润滑特性的前提。建立典型工况下核电循环泵行星传动系统斜齿轮热弹流润滑模型,首先将斜齿轮副的啮合状态几何等效为圆锥滚子的接触问题,然后考虑斜齿轮接触变形和齿廓偏差,计算得到内/外啮合齿轮副接触区域不同位置的油膜厚度、承载压力、摩擦应力和闪温等参数。考虑齿面磨合作用,采用移动平均滤波方法对未经磨合的初始形貌进行光滑处理,分析了齿面形貌对润滑行为的影响,最后采取齿廓修形改善润滑特性。结果表明：粗糙度和齿廓修形均会对润滑特性产生明显的影响,齿面粗糙形貌会造成油膜厚度减小,进而影响其润滑特性,弱化润滑油膜的承载能力;通过齿廓修形可以改善齿轮啮合边界处的几何过渡,降低该区域的应力集中和表面温度,从而明显改善啮合线终端的润滑状态。     

Application of Transient Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Analysis for Gear Transmissions

Transient elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory which deals with the lubrication of gear transmission is presented. A numerical procedure was developed to solve the governing equations for the transient EHL with variable load, curvature, and rolling velocity along the line of action. The compressibility of the fluid is taken into consideration. Results are presented for the pressure distribution and the film thickness successively along the line of action as a function of time. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the effects of geometry factors on the lubrication behavior of a gear transmission. Parameters of interest are gear ratio, central distance, gear tooth module, and profile shift of gear tooth. The results of extensive simulations for gear tooth lubrication show that the equivalent curvature radius of gear teeth plays an important role on the EHL film formation.     

Integrated wear prediction model for cylindrical gear with variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth trace under mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication

Cylindrical gear with variable hyperbolic circular arc tooth trace (VH-CATT) is a new type of gear. Sliding wear is the main mode of the surface failure of multiple mechanical parts. Both the lubrication state and contact temperature considerably influence wear characteristics, which may aggravate the transmission performance of gear pairs. Wear, contact temperature, as well as lubrication states are jointly explored. Therefore, an integrated wear prediction model was proposed through taking into account flash contact temperature and surface roughness of VH-CATT cylindrical gears in mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication. According to the equivalent ellipse contact model of VH-CATT cylindrical gears and tooth surface equation, normal curvature and velocity relations for VH-CATT cylindrical gears were observed, and the normal meshing force was obtained through the consideration of load sharing coefficients and quality grades. Flash contact temperature was estimated by using the literature. This study proposes analytical solutions for investigating how various surface roughness, operation, and geometric parameters affect asperity contact ratio (ACR), asperity contact pressure (ACP), flash contact temperature (FCT), as well as wear depth (WD) related to driving gears. ACR, ACP, FCT, as well as WD initially decrease and then increase from engaging-in to engaging-out processes. The minimum occurs at the pitch point. The WD declines as module, cutter radius, and rotational velocity increase while augmenting when surface roughness and torques increase. The maximum and minimum wear depths in driving gears occur at the dedendum and pitch point, respectively. Its overall wear is reduced by 23.16 % compared to the wear of spur gears. The results are valuable for the studies of tooth pitting, wear resistance, and fatigue life improvement for VH-CATT cylindrical gear. These studies can provide verification data and references required for engineering designs and VH-CATT cylindrical gear operations.

     

无侧隙双滚子包络环面蜗杆传动的参数优化

无侧隙双滚子包络环面蜗杆传动是一种能同时满足高精度、大载荷要求的新型环面蜗杆传动.为获得啮合性能优良的无侧隙双滚子包络环面蜗杆传动,提出综合考虑传动齿面接触性能和润滑性能对该新型传动的几何参数进行优选.通过对蜗杆副齿面啮合参数如诱导法曲率、卷吸速度、润滑角以及滚子自转角等的数值计算,分析表征传动啮合性能的齿面接触参数的影响因素,进而确定该新型蜗杆传动优化设计变量的取值范围.以此为基础,建立以蜗杆副的滚子自转角及齿面综合系数为优化目标,建立以传动齿面润滑角、蜗杆轴的强度与刚度以及几何不干涉等为约束的优化设计数学模型,并用Matlab的遗传算法工具箱对数值算例进行求解.数值实例表明,经过几何参数优化的蜗杆传动,其齿面接触性能和润滑性能明显得到改善和提高.     

Coefficient of friction of a starved lubricated spur gear pair

The frictional power loss issue of gear pairs becomes an important concern in both industry and academia due to the requirement of the energy saving and the improvement of power density of gear drives. A thermal starved elastohydrodynamic lubrication model is developed to study the tribological performance of a spur gear pair under starved lubrication conditions. The contact pressure, the film thickness, the temperature rise, the frictional power loss, as well as the coefficient of friction are evaluated by considering the variation of the curvature radius, the sliding/rolling motion, and the load distribution of gear tooth within the meshing period. Effects of lubrication starvation condition, load and speed on the coefficient of friction are studied.

     

任意齿差纯滚动活齿传动齿形设计方法及啮合特性研究

由于高次多项式类曲线具有无刚、柔性冲击的特点,为实现任意齿差纯滚动活齿传动,提出基于五次多项式类曲线的新齿形设计方法。基于转速变换和包络原理,推导出中心轮齿廓方程,制定中心轮避免齿形干涉的设计条件,分析中心轮齿形曲率半径变化规律,阐释活齿轴半径对中心轮齿形的影响;根据活齿传动啮合原理,以压力角表达式表征啮合特性,并对影响最小压力角及传力齿廓区间大小的表征参数进行分析,为任意齿差纯滚动活齿传动结构几何参数的选择提供了设计依据。给出设计实例,验证理论分析结果的有效性,仿真结果表明,高次多项式类任意齿差纯滚动活齿传动受力效果好,传动平稳,设计方法简单,易于形成模块化与系列化设计,具有广阔的应用前景。     

近似面齿轮传动的齿面拓扑修形主动设计

为了提高面齿轮的磨齿效率,采用不做齿向进给运动的大半径盘形砂轮磨齿得到的面齿轮具有近似齿面,然而该近似面齿轮与双向修形小轮的啮合性能不够理想.因此进一步通过啮合理论重新构造小轮齿面,并根据预设的啮合性能对该新构造的小轮齿面进行拓扑修形设计,以控制近似面齿轮传动的啮合性能.小轮的拓扑修形齿面采用盘形砂轮局部点共轭法磨齿加工,建立了小轮拓扑修形齿面与加工参数之间的线性方程.用实例说明了所提方法的应用,齿面接触分析结果与给定的啮合性能基本一致.     

不同重合度非圆齿轮设计及弯曲应力分析

非圆齿轮传动具有广泛的应用场景。针对非圆齿轮传动,采用齿轮啮合原理和材料力学等原理及方法,提出了大重合度非圆齿轮设计方法。探讨了非圆齿轮传动原理和节曲线构建方法,计算了其节曲线曲率半径和重合度方程。建立了不同重合度非圆齿轮轮齿时变啮合刚度与载荷分配率计算模型,推导了不同重合度非圆齿轮齿根弯曲应力方程。探讨了不同结构参数下非圆齿轮副重合度、时变啮合刚度、时变载荷分配率及齿根弯曲应力变化规律,确定了轮齿所受最大载荷位置。开展了不同重合度非圆齿轮齿根弯曲应力仿真分析和实验测量,与理论计算结果进行了对比分析,最大误差分别约为4.8%和5.9%,验证了理论方法的合理性与正确性,为大重合度非圆齿轮传动的工程应用奠定了基础。     

滚柱包络环面蜗杆传动的运动学分析

应用共轭曲面啮合理论，建立了滚柱包络环面蜗杆齿面方程、滚柱曲面与蜗杆齿面的啮合方程。在此基础上，对其接触线、相对速度、滚柱自转速度及压力角等运动学参数进行了深入分析。为该类机构的参数设计提供了理论依据。     

基于CFD方法的高线速度齿轮最优喷嘴布置角度设计

齿轮喷油润滑系统润滑效率与喷嘴布置角度、喷油速度等参数有关,但目前的喷嘴布置角度多数采用经验设计,缺乏精确性且时间成本高。针对高线速度齿轮的喷油润滑问题,基于CFD（计算流体力学）方法建立高线速度直齿轮的喷油润滑流体计算模型,对喷油润滑中齿轮旋转产生的气流干涉问题进行分析;通过流场流线图确定最优喷嘴角度:绕入啮合区气流与齿面首个接触点向小齿轮的偏转角度,并研究齿轮传动比和转速等参数对喷嘴角度布置的影响。结果表明：齿轮旋转产生的气流干涉会形成进入啮合区的气流,沿该气流方向布置喷嘴角度相比传统布置方式润滑效率提升了24.4%,齿轮周围气流流动状况和最优喷嘴角度只与齿轮几何结构有关,与工况参数设置无关。     

双相激波摆杆活齿传动压力角分析

将压力角作为传力特性评价指标,用以指导双相激波摆杆活齿传动设计参数的选取。基于活齿啮合理论,运用复数矢量法建立齿形方程,以两类典型传动为研究对象,推导了压力角解析式,分析了各压力角的变化规律,确定了压力角与摆幅系数、中心轮齿数、基圆半径、摆杆长度以及中心距的关系。运用正交试验法,选取四因素三水平试验表进行方案设计,获得了各设计参数对压力角的影响权重。     

变压力角滚刀的设计与应用

变速箱齿轮生产过程中,有些齿轮参数特殊,据此设计出的滚刀齿槽太窄,无法加工。依据齿轮啮合原理,一对齿轮正确进行啮合的条件是两齿轮的法节相等,因此,齿轮和齿条只要两者的法节相等就能正确啮合,这样一来,就有很多齿条可与它相啮合,由此引出了变压力角滚刀加工齿轮的方法。     

渐开线蜗杆传动的动态接触分析

根据渐开线蜗轮、蜗杆齿面方程,运用MATLAB和SolidWorks对蜗杆、蜗轮进行三维建模,并将装配体导入ANSYS中进行动态接触分析.将模型导入动力学分析软件ADAMS中,研究蜗轮、蜗杆之间的啮合力变化.研究表明渐开线蜗杆副在啮合时不同位置应力变化较大,且蜗杆副正常啮合时的啮合力最大值出现在蜗轮、蜗杆轮齿初始啮合区...     

平面包络内啮合蜗杆传动关键参数对接触区域的影响分析

为了研究关键设计参数对平面包络内啮合蜗杆传动接触性能及承载能力的影响。基于齿轮啮合原理,构建平面包络内啮合蜗杆传动的空间齿面接触线方程,利用数值计算方法求得空间齿面接触线,并将其映射到蜗轮齿面,通过分析中心距、传动比、母平面倾角、蜗轮回转轴倾角、蜗轮转角、蜗杆分度圆系数、主基圆系数等不同参数对蜗杆齿面接触区域的分布情况,找出合理的设计参数范围,此外,根据初步分析结果,选取一组较为合理参数生成了平面包络内啮合蜗杆传动的三维模型。研究表明,传动比、母平面倾角、蜗轮转角对平面包络内啮合蜗杆传动的接触区域有较大影响,母平面倾角在18°~36°、蜗轮回转中心轴倾角在30°~54°、蜗轮转角在90°~138°之间取值时,平面包络内啮合蜗杆传动的具有较好的接触区域。研究结果为平面包络内啮合蜗杆传动的后续研究奠定了理论基础。