国内外甲酚及BHT的生产及供需现状

本文较详细地论述了国内外甲酚及抗氧剂ＢＨＴ的生产及市场应用情况，并着重介绍了国内关于对甲酚下游产品的发现状。     

委内瑞拉Orimulsion发展规划

委内瑞拉Ｏｒｉｍｕｌｓｉｏｎ发展规划委内瑞拉的Ｂｉｔｏｒ（ＢｉｔｕｍｅｎｅｓＯｒｉｎｏｃｏ）公司计划把Ｏｒｉｍｕｌｓｉｏｎ锅炉燃料生产能力扩充４信，到２０００年达到２０００万ｔ／ａ以上。因燃料出口需求增加，打算再建设３套能力为５２０万ｔ／ａ生产重Ｏｒ...     

阿根廷（Argentine）聚丁烯厂建脱氢装置

阿根廷（Ａｒｇｅｎｔｉｎｅ）聚丁烯厂建脱氢装置该厂目前异丁烯生产能力为１．４万ｔ／ａ,正计划扩大到４万ｔ／ａ,其中３万ｔ／ａ为本厂使用,其余１万ｔ／ａ销售给其它石油化工厂。为达到４万ｔ／ａ异丁烯总生产能力,该厂正在建设由ＰｈｉｌｌｉｎｓＰｅｔｒｏｌｅ...     

BASF研制成功高活性聚异丁烯清净剂

ＢＡＳＦ研制成功高活性聚异丁烯清净剂１９９５年１月底，美国ＥＰＡ（环保局）要求汽油中加入清净剂。到２０００年，欧洲市场对燃料清净剂的需求将由１９９５年１．７万ｔ／ａ增加到２．３万ｔ／ａ。使用燃料清净剂可确保发动机运转平稳，减少汽化器结冰和节减燃料消耗...     

乙烯生产能力的增长趋缓

１９９８年全世界乙烯生产能力的增长放慢，乙烯生产能力仅增加２．１Ｍｔ／ａ，占总生产能力９０．９Ｍｔ／ａ的２．５％。这是自１９９０年以来的最低增长率，因为最近１０年的乙烯生产能力平均增长率为每年５．３％。预计２０００年以前乙烯生产能力的增长不会太显著。１９９８年只有台塑公司投产了４５０ｋｔ／ａ的轻油裂解炉。其它公司扩建的乙烯生产能力为：道化学公司增加５４４ｋｔ／ａ，美孚化学公司增加２５０ｋｔ／ａ，ＤＳＭ在荷兰的公司增加１００ｋｔ／ａ，雪佛隆化学公司增加９１ｋｔ／ａ。由于经济不景气，印尼搁置了在爪哇…     

“九五”合成橡胶市场缺口大

“九五”合成橡胶市场缺口大据《特种橡胶制品》１９９６年第３期报道，目前天然橡胶和合成橡胶的消费比例，一般为２：３，发达国家为３：７，而我国则为６：４。根据预测，＂九五＂初期国内合成橡胶的年生产能力将分别为：丁苯胶３４万ｔ；顺了胶１８万ｔ；氯了胶２万ｔ...     

乙烯工业的现状与前景

乙烯是石油化工的主要原料，随着石油化工的发展，对乙烯的需求量也正在以相当快的速度递增。到２０００年全球乙烯的生产能力估计可达１０３６０万ｔ／ａ，届时会有１４００万ｔ／ａ左右的生产能力过剩，我国的乙烯工业发展较快，１９９５年的乙烯生产能力已达２８万ｔ／ａ，但总体规划不理想，目前还有一些地方在建造１５万ｔ／ａ规模以下的乙烯装置。建议改变条块分割的现状，消除地方保护主义，合理布局，使我国的乙烯工业健康发     

兰州炼油化工总厂4万t／a聚丙烯装置投产

兰州炼油化工总厂４万ｔ／ａ聚丙烯装置投产由兰州炼油化工总厂和香港中旅集团合资兴建的４万ｔ／ａ聚丙烯装置，已于１９９５年９月２４Ｂ一次投料试车成功，现已投入正常生产。该装置是兰州炼油化工总厂“八五”重点建设工程之一，总投资３．７２亿元，由北京石化工程公...     

水对镍系催化丁二烯聚合的影响

研究了Ｎｉ（ｎａｐｈ）２－Ａｌ（ｉ－Ｂｕ）３－（ｎ－Ｃ８Ｈ１７ＯＨ－ＢＦ３ＯＥｔ２）和Ｎｉ（ｎａｐｈ）２－Ａｌ（ｉ－Ｂｕ）３－ＢＦ３ＯＥｔ２两种体系催化的丁二烯聚合中微量水的作用规律，测定了这些体系的动力学参数。研究发现，水加在丁二烯中比直接加在溶剂油中好；两种聚合体系都存在含水量的临界值范围，Ｈ２Ｏ／Ａｌ（ｉ－Ｂｕ）３摩尔比约在０．３—２．３范围内调节含水量，体系较稳定；丁二烯中有水时，用加氢汽油稀释的ＢＦ３ＯＥｔ２单独加入与Ａｌ（ｉ－Ｂｕ）３－Ｎｉ（ｎａｐｈ）２陈化液和ＢＦ３ＯＥｔ２同时加入相比，前者聚合速度较快     

1997年世界炼油工业回顾与展望

１９９７年全球原没珈工能力已达３９１５８４万ｔ／年，比１９９６年增加了３％，减压蒸馏能力比１９９６年增加了３．５％，催化裂化能力上升了３．９％，加氢精制及加氢处理能力增长了２．９％。     

抗氧剂BHT工业生产中残焦油的回收利用

应用精密精馏技术和时控优化结晶技术 ,对大型BHT( 2 ,6-二叔丁基对甲酚 )生产装置产生的废弃焦油进行分离试验研究 ,获得了间歇精馏分离焦油的最佳操作条件及结晶提纯过程的优化冷却曲线。所得食品级BHT产品质量达到国际标准FAO/WHO( 1983 ) ,产品收率高达 80 %以上。     

抗氧剂264新生产工艺

在一套 1 50 0 t/ a工业装置上证实了用真空分馏和一次结晶后处理工艺 ,以较低的成本生产工业级抗氧剂 2 6 4 (或 T50 1 ) ,并直接产出食品级抗氧剂 BHT的技术经济合理性和优势     

Novel foods and allergy: Regulations and risk-benefit assessment

Hypoallergenic novel foods may have benefits for food-allergic consumers. However, other novel foods may exacerbate the problems associated with food allergy. This paper reviews the existing legislation associated with the introduction of novel foods and specifically considers its coverage of allergy risks and benefits. Various regulations are in place to protect consumer health. These regulations require novel food safety to be assessed before they can enter the market, but do not specify how this assessment, which includes allergenicity, should be performed. It is concluded that including a benefit assessment in the novel food legislation, may be beneficial.     

Urban street foods in Shijiazhuang city,China: Current status,safety practices and risk mitigating strategies

Street foods often reflect traditional local cultures and offer a unique cultural experience to tourists and even to ordinary consumers. With the increasing pace of globalization and tourism, the safety of street foods has become one of the major concerns of public health. There is an urgent need, in China, to establish a national program to raise the food safety awareness and knowledge of street food vendors. The safety and hygiene status of street foods in Shijiazhuang city was investigated. Data on the street food vendors' food safety knowledge and practices, inspectors' regulatory capacity and consumers' purchasing habits were collected. Potential hazards in the preparation and sale of street foods were analyzed and strategies for ensuring the safety of street foods were recommended. The study showed that the street food safety risks are primarily due to the use of unqualified raw materials encouraged by ineffective inspections, poor infrastructure at the street food vending sites and lack of sanitation knowledge among street food vendors. In order to prevent street foods from being contaminated, more stringent and effective routine supervision and food safety practices should be adopted and the environmental conditions and facilities should be improved. Regular training in food processing technology, food safety knowledge and practical food safety evaluation methods should also be strengthened among street food vendors and food safety inspectors.     

Mechanisms behind matrix–protein interactions influencing receptor-based and chromatographic detection of food allergens: A case study with a fruit based snack

Food allergies represent an important food safety problem. The only effective treatment for food allergies is the complete avoidance of the offending foods or foods containing undeclared traces of allergens. In order to verify whether foods are contaminated with allergens reliable detection methods are needed. Currently enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) especially commercial ones are routinely used by the food industry and enforcement agencies. However, the reliability of such receptor based methods can be affected by the matrix in several ways. In this study we showed that the proteins/allergens can strongly bind to the matrix making them inefficient for the extraction as proven by a high-performance liquid chromatography method. On the other hand, especially in the case of ELISA methods, the matrix can non-specifically bind to the antibodies leading to false positive results. In conclusion, outmost care should be taken when interpreting the results of the methods used for analysis of traces of food allergens especially when important decisions about the acceptance or removal of the products from the market should be taken.     

Development and evaluation of two ELISA formats for the detection of β-lactoglobulin in model processed and commercial foods

Milk proteins have many functional properties, making them valuable food ingredients. However, they are a frequent cause of food allergy, especially in children. The aim of the present work was to develop and evaluate two immunoassays (indirect competitive and double antibody sandwich formats) for the detection of undeclared milk proteins in foods. Antisera raised to β-lactoglobulin was used in the competitive assay and antibodies isolated by immunoadsorption in the sandwich ELISA. Results obtained indicated that the sandwich format could detect lower percentages of powdered milk added to processed model foods than the competitive format. Likewise, the sandwich assay could discriminate better than the competitive assay between commercial foods with declared or non-milk ingredients. The antibody population used to recognize the target protein as well as the particularities of each ELISA format greatly influence the determination of immunoreactive β-lactoglobulin present in processed food.     

Regulation of genetically modified foods in Australia and New Zealand

Food standards in Australia and New Zealand build on the level of food safety that is generally accepted by the community. An explicitly cautious approach is applied in cases where there is no established history of safe human consumption, as is the case for foods produced using gene technology. Novel foods, including genetically modified (GM) foods, undergo a mandatory pre-market safety assessment and approval process. The approach used in Australia and New Zealand to assess the safety of foods produced using gene technology draws on concepts and principles that have been developed internationally.     

Healthy marketplaces: an approach for ensuring food safety and environmental health

With over half of the world's population living in urban areas, an ever growing number of consumers are relying on food markets to meet their daily need for safe and nutritious food. As part of its Healthy Cities Project, WHO has developed an approach to improve that the safety and nutritional quality of foods sold in urban markets. The Healthy Marketplaces approach is being used in several pilot projects in cities around the world to coordinate efforts of all stakeholders to achieve incremental, but sustainable improvements in food markets. In addition to improvements to the physical infrastructure and essential services, behavioural changes by various market participants, including primary producers, wholesalers, market vendors and consumers, are emphasized.     

Economically motivated food fraud and adulteration in China: An analysis based on 1553 media reports

Based on 1553 media reports on food safety scandals and concerns, we conducted an aggregated analysis on economically motivated food frauds and adulterations in China. A systematic approach is used to analyze the country's food safety concern in terms of fraud type, implicated foods, adulterants, contaminants and abnormal conditions, and concerned food sources. This study indicate that economically motivated food fraud and adulteration was an emerging and serious food safety problem in China. The results of the study can be used not only to analyze food safety risks but also to prioritize target areas for food policy-making and enforcement of food safety regulation.     

Biofilm formation in food industries: A food safety concern

Foodborne diseases have always been a threat to human health. They are considered an emergent public health concern throughout the world. Many outbreaks have been found to be associated with biofilm. It is well documented that biofilm has become a problem in food industries as it renders its inhabitants resistant to antimicrobial agents and cleaning. In this review, biofilm formation in dairy, fish processing, poultry, meat, and Ready-To-Eat foods industries are discussed, as well as the biofilm forming abilities' of various microorganisms and the influence of food contact surface materials on biofilm formation. In addition, the conventional and emergent control strategies used to gain more proximity to efficiently maintain good hygiene throughout food industries is discussed.