基于GPS数据与空间统计的城市森林公园 景观偏好研究

城市森林公园拥有良好的自然资源,能承载各种游憩活动,为市民带来多种益处。以上海共青森林公园与炮台湾森林公园为例,利用GPS设备每隔10s采集一次游客的地理坐标位置,并应用栅格密度、标准差椭圆与热点识别3种空间统计方法分析相关空间位置点,识别受游客喜爱的游憩场地与景观空间类型。结果表明:游客在2个森林公园中的分布并不均匀,共青森林公园西部与炮台湾森林公园南部吸引了大量游客;最吸引游客停留的区域包括儿童游乐设施区、广场、大草坪、烧烤区和滨江区域。最后,根据分析结果,对森林公园的规划设计与管理提出了相应建议。     

Integrating eye-movement analysis and the semantic differential method to analyze the visual effect of a traditional commercial block in Hefei,China

Eye-movement analysis was adopted to evaluate the visual perception of Chinese traditional commercial blocks, and the Chenghuangmiao block in Hefei, China, was selected as a typical case. Eye-movement data from 40 respondents viewing 14 sample pictures were recorded. The spatial elements of the sample pictures, including landmarks and commercial brands, were further extracted to analyze the visual characteristics of spatial elements and the factors that affect the respondents’ perceptions of those elements. Then, the semantic differential method was used to analyze the relationship between visual preferences and psychological perceptions of spatial elements. Seventeen pairs of opposing adjectives were selected to score the intrinsic properties and visitors’ feelings of spaces. The software SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze these data. Results showed that distinctive spatial elements, such as street corridors, Ma Tau Walls, and various landmarks, were the most visually attractive. In addition, the location of a given element within a picture was an important factor affecting eye movements. On this basis, strategies for improving spatial-visual effects are proposed. The strategies include emphasizing the visual characteristics of different spatial elements, considering the overall layout of spatial elements, and creating diversified spaces based on different spatial categories.     

基于旅游者和日常访问者人群行为的城市型景区“共处”空间研究

针对城市型景区内旅游者和日常访问者相互影响的现象,提出"共处"空间概念,从"空间-行为"关系视角总结"共处"空间的时空特性,形成"共处"空间判别依据。基于计算机视觉技术,通过问卷调查,将人群行为划分为互不干扰、围观及参与、干扰及冲突3类,从空间优化与管理角度对列入公园年票体系中的城市型景区提出建议,梳理2类人群关系,提高游憩体验质量。     

基于游客自愿拍摄法的滨河绿地植物景观偏好研究——以郑州为例

滨河绿地拥有水、陆域相结合的自然资源,是城市居民日常休闲、娱乐、社交的重要场所。从游人需求角度出发,探究游人偏好何种植物景观,对滨河绿地的植物景观设计具有重要的参考与借鉴意义。以郑州市东风渠、七里河、熊耳河3条河流滨河绿地为例,在调研分析滨河绿地植物多样性水平的基础上,运用游客自愿拍摄法(VSEP)收集游人拍照点位置及偏好植物景观照片,并借助Arc GIS和SPSS软件分析游人拍照点空间分布特点及植物景观偏好影响因素。结果表明：游人在动态游览时对滨河绿地整体植物多样性感知程度较低,更关注视野范围内较小面积样地的植物种类丰富程度;近水道路植物景观空间、滨水植物景观空间为拍摄点密集区域;游人拍摄照片时关注植物个体特色、植物景观空间及个人在植物景观空间中的感受;游人偏好的植物景观空间普遍具有植物种类及观赏特性丰富、可进入草地面积大、地形起伏、有花卉装饰、空间视线开敞、与水体相结合、色彩和谐、适中的硬质铺装面积及绿视率等特点。     

Design of Natural Children's Recreational Spaces and Facilities in Urban Neighborhood Parks

Taking into account problems existing in urban children's recreational spaces, this paper mainly discussed the method to design natural children's recreational spaces and facilities, analyzed the characteristics and influencing factors of natural children's recreational spaces and facilities based on the characteristics of behavioral and psychological cognition of preschool children, and concluded that children's recreational spaces consist of five parts, namely, the border, entrance, internal activity space, viewing space and supporting space and that the design of recreational facilities should meet the four points of naturalness, appropriate fuzziness, appropriate scale and size, and diversities and opportunities, with a view to providing a reference for the design of children's recreational spaces and facilities.     

基于POI数据的城市公共游憩空间分布格局及其形成机制研究——以长沙市主城区为例

基于城市公共游憩空间内涵界定和构建分类体系,运用POI数据和ArcGIS空间分析方法,探讨了长沙市公共游憩空间的分布格局,研究发现:1)长沙市公共游憩空间大致呈现"大分散、小集中"分布特征,不同类别游憩资源数量对比悬殊;2)公共游憩空间分布呈现以五一广场为中心的"圈层式"结构特征,距离城市中心3～6k m是游憩空间分布...     

基于空间分析法的喀斯特山体公园空间 承载力及提升策略——以黔灵山公园为例

以贵阳市黔灵山公园为研究对象,基于遥感影像、云台摄像监控系统和出入计数系统等多种数据源,对游憩时空特征和空间承载力进行分析。结果表明:不同类群游人的游憩方式和时空选择存在差异;公园空间类型多样,空间承载力呈明显的时空差异,承载力高的区域比重较低,集中在各类广场和主要道路等活动空间,大面积山体空间生态环境和景观资源良好,但空间承载力极低,游憩方式单一。基于此,从优化和开发山体空间、丰富游憩项目和增加服务设施,以及提升公园管理能力3个方面提出山体空间承载力的优化策略。     

游人对乌兰察布城市公园植物景观 空间的偏好研究

以内蒙古乌兰察布市中心城区8个城市公园中的植 物景观空间为研究对象,使用行为观察法和行为地图法记录游 人的景观偏好与行为偏好,用相关性分析、方差分析研究植物 景观空间特征指标与游人偏好的关系,为提升游人在植物景观 空间的游憩体验、构建人性化城市公园提供参考。研究表明： 游人偏好水体与植物组合景观空间,且游人偏好与植物观赏特 性、季相变化、色彩构成呈显著正相关,与亲水性呈显著负相 关;游人喜欢在城市公园植物景观空间中欣赏美景和社交;游 人倾向于在野生植物种类少、可达性好的植物景观空间内进行 休闲娱乐活动,在气味芳香、硬质广场面积较大的植物景观空 间内进行体育健身活动,在郁闭度高、较封闭、离水边较远、 离出入口较近的植物景观空间内进行安静休憩活动。     

城市绿化公园综合环境特性对居民游憩活动的影响

现代都市中大多布置有多处城市绿化公园,是都市居民进行户外休憩、游乐的基本空间。各园区由于景观构成、设施条件和文化传承的差异,展现出不同的综合环境特性。基于荆州市3处典型城市绿化公园的研究显示,居民在3园区感知的环境吸引物和排斥物的组合与其综合环境特性之间存在对应性,并且公园综合环境特性明显影响到各园区游憩者的构成、平均游憩时长和活动类型,体验价值的高低则是园区综合环境特性与游憩者结构及其活动类型共同影响的结果。     

Spatial Potential of Recreational Services in Western Hubei Region in Light of the “All-for-One Tourism” Development—A Machine Learning Approach Based on Ensemble Model

Under the call for “all-for-one tourism” development, the focus of regional-scale recreational services is shifting from the construction of individual scenic spots and tourist areas towards the comprehensive planning of tourist destinations, so as to propel China’s rural revitalization and regional coordinated development. In research and practice, however, it is still challenging to identity and evaluate spatial locations for developing tourism according their cultural and environmental resource and characteristics and prioritizing the high-potential ones. Employing the whole western Hubei region as a case study, this paper proposes a method of assessing recreation potential within the research framework on cultural ecosystem services, and uses multi-sourced social-ecological data to develop an SDM model via ensemble machine learning. Through analyses of the environmental features of 336 recreational hotspots in the study area, the model predicts the areas with high recreation potential in continuous areas. This study intends to establish a technique path to examine the regional-scale pattern of recreational spaces via numerical analysis of environmental features, and to provide a reference for relevant spatial development strategies of all-for-one tourism and rural revitalization.     

游人对专类植物景观的行为偏好研究

选取北京植物园8个专类植物景观区域,使用行为观察法观测记录游人行为,用行为地图法及列联表分析游人的行为偏好,研究游人行为与专类植物景观之间的关系.研究结果表明,在专类植物景观区域中,拍照、穿行、散步和观景等与优美的专类植物景观环境有着紧密联系的行为活动最多.游人偏好于可达性强、有集中展示效果的专类花展景观,以及观赏期长...     

Landscape Visual Aesthetics Measurement,Assessment, and Improvement of Street Pedestrian Spaces in Mountainous Cities—Case Study on the Historic Downtown of Jinan,Shandong Province

Urban streets support citizens’ daily commuting and social and recreational activities. Streetscape is also a visual resource and an important part of urban landscape appearance. Serving as an important ecological base and natural components of urban spatial structure, mountains often determine a city’s spatial layout and landscape identity so as to promote mountaincity integration. The study focuses on the historic downtown of Jinan, a typical mountainous city, analyzes the landscape aesthetic visual characteristics of street pedestrian spaces, and measures their landscape visual aesthetic quality by using panoramic images; the research then evaluates the visibility of high-visual-aesthetic-quality urban mountainous landscape to urban streets; finally, based on the overall landscape visual aesthetic quality evaluation results of urban street pedestrian spaces, the paper proposes a series of optimization suggestions of the streets at different levels to improve the harmony with urban mountain landscapes. The study hopes to provide a reference for the creation of mountain–city-integrated urban landscapes, as well as the healthy and sustainable urban development.     

长三角城市群生态空间游憩服务的供需 特征及格局分析

生态空间不仅是保护区域生态环境安全的重要屏 障,也兼具重要的游憩服务功能,若孤立处理2种功能的关 系,必然会导致过度开发或被动保护。揭示区域生态空间游 憩服务的供需匹配特征及空间格局,对优化区域生态空间游 憩服务的总体布局,推动生态空间合理利用具有重要作用。 以长三角城市群为研究对象,从生态空间游憩服务的总体格 局、省级层次供需特征、市县级层次供需关系3个层次,对区 域生态空间游憩服务的供需平衡状态进行分析。研究发现, 长三角城市群人均生态空间资源较高,但生态空间游憩服务 的供需错位现象突出。不同出行半径范围内生态空间游憩服 务显现出较为明显的供需失配现象,空间分布存在明显的南 北分异特征。研究结果表明,仅依赖优化区域交通网络扩大 生态空间服务半径,北部城市的供需失衡现象会更加恶化。 长三角城市群各市县应采取差异化策略,加强生态游憩服务 跨区域供需协同网络：南部生态资源富足区应延展其游憩服 务辐射范围,填补供应空白;城市近郊区应关注连续性游憩 廊道建设,整体提升供应水平;北部连片供给失衡区则应进 一步挖掘农林复合空间的生态游憩潜力。     

基于GPS数据的民族村寨景观空间游客选择偏好研究——以四川桃坪羌寨为例

近年来,民族村寨以其鲜明的建筑、文化与艺术特征吸引了大量游客前往游赏和体验。分析游客在民族村寨的空间选择偏好,了解其行为规律及特征,有利于科学地规划和管理民族村寨的自然和人文资源,保护传统景观文化价值,促进当地旅游发展。以能够提供较高精度空间定位信息的GPS数据作为基础数据,利用离散选择模型分析了游客在桃坪羌寨游览时的空间选择偏好与传统建筑风貌、民俗宗教文化、场地空间类型、空间可达程度(穿越、直达、高差)及空间可视程度等景观空间特征之间的关系。研究发现,游客偏好于选择具有羌族民俗文化特色、易于到达且游览线路明确的空间;景观可视度对游客选择偏好影响程度不高,这与桃坪羌寨的建筑布局、街巷结构和景观特征密切相关。基于对游客村寨空间选择偏好的认知,提出了民族村寨空间与居民生活一体化保护、标识系统和解说设计提升,以及游线设计立体多元化等规划策略。     

基于多源数据的武汉市环城游憩空间 特征解析

随着经济社会发展和交通通信技术提高,大城市居民游憩空间从城市拓展到区域,环城游憩成为居民日常游憩的刚性需求和新常态,而大数据的应用为精准识别环城游憩的空间分布特征提供了可能。以武汉市中心城区环城游憩行为与空间分布为对象,采用手机信令数据、POI数据、遥感影像数据和地理统计数据等,运用空间分析方法,识别了游憩人口分布、游憩停留时长、游憩强度、游憩功能、游憩空间总体结构等基本特征及环城游憩资源与游憩强度匹配特征,为优化大城市郊区环城游憩空间、进行环城游憩实证分析提供依据。     

基于景观视觉吸引的文旅空间建设策略 研究——以关中历史文化街区为例

旅游景观是旅游地的核心吸引物,景观视觉的认知形成了较为全面的游览地形象,也影响着游览者的游憩体验、空间行为。依据“景观视觉吸引”原理,总结梳理历史文化街区文旅空间景观视觉吸引的建设机制。以西安市三学街历史文化街区等为对象,结合实地主观反应调查发现,关中历史文化街区文旅空间中能够对游览者产生视觉吸引的景观刺激客体接近20项,不同客体刺激物吸引游览者的分布规则为：在进入游览区文旅空间的初始阶段,“名胜古迹、摄影取景点、庆典装饰物、店招、传统建筑构筑物”等刺激物类型对游览者有较高的视觉吸引度。随着游览者滞留时间的增长与空间的转换,“名胜古迹、销售物品、店招”3类视觉刺激物产生明显的视觉吸引衰减,而“标志系统、交通车辆”等刺激物的视觉吸引度逐渐增强,需要在关中历史文化街区文旅空间建设中予以重视。研究成果和方法对其他地区历史文化街区保护与更新改造亦具有参考和借鉴意义。     

Visitors' perceptions on the important factors of atrium design in shopping centers: A study of Gandaria City Mall and Ciputra World in Indonesia

Atriums as quasi-internal public spaces in shopping centers play an essential role as an identity provider and offer spatial orientation in shopping center architecture. This study aims to examine the significant factors of atrium design, which can provide a sense of place for shopping center visitors. The research was conducted with the sequential exploratory method, which involved a qualitative study, followed by a quantitative study. The objects of this research weret wo shopping centers located in the two largest cities in Indonesia, namely, Gandaria City Mall in Jakarta and Ciputra Worldin Surabaya. A total of 43 informants were a part of the qualitative data collection, and 350 respondents served as survey participants. The survey research shows that the design factors considered by visitors at the Gandaria City Mall are atrium legibility, atrium decoration, event decoration, social image and interaction, and event ambience, whereas the visitors at Ciputra World considered atrium legibility, socia limage and interaction, atrium ambience,and atrium decoration.     

个性化的城市核心开放空间——南宁市金湖绿地广场规划设计浅析

南宁市金湖绿地广场是一个以生态休闲为主体、将地面广场与地下商城融为一体的现代化商业复合型广场.广场采用"人性化、个性化,网格化"的设计理念,在设计中大量使用具有地域民族特色的元素,使有特色的构筑物在空间上,景观上起到点睛之笔的作用.在规划中,除将整个广场作为大空间设计外,还组织了若干个次级空间,并布置弯曲的散步道联系各个部分,使广场整体空间体系化、层次化,领域化、人性化和个性化.     

上海环城绿带百米林带植物群落 游憩适宜度评价及优化策略研究

为进一步促进上海环城绿带功能的多元化拓展,探讨在环城绿带百米林带内开发游憩功能的适宜性,从群落外貌、景观结构、空间特征及游憩情况等方面对上海环城绿带百米林带40个游憩型植物群落样方进行调查,基于空间适游度、环境安全性、生态承载力和可视景观美感度4个层面,运用层次分析法构建上海环城绿带百米林带植物群落游憩适宜度评价体系,对40个样方的游憩适宜度进行分级研究,并对其存在的问题提出优化建议,以期对上海环城绿带百米林带后续的改造建设提供依据,并对同类环城绿带游憩功能的拓展具有一定的借鉴意义。     

JINHUA MEMORIAL PARK IN SUINING

Observation and representation are the fundamental and core processes and methods in landscape design. By transforming a historical industrial site into an urban cultural park for citizens’ recreational needs, the Jinhua Memorial Park in the Suining City demonstrates how landscape designers observe and represent in post-industrial renewal practice. Designers continuously deepen their understanding of the site through a process from site observation and perception, research and exploration to systematic analyses. During this process, designers were inspired by the industrial production process and textile products, and then applied such concepts in spatial arrangement and prototype for physical renovation. As the skeleton of spatial arrangement, the main road of the campus connects various functional spaces and landscape nodes of the park. Five design strategies, including in-situ preservation, transposition retention, material reuse, appearance protection, and spiritual revitalization, are applied to protect and reorganize the industrial heritages to recall the past prosperous scenes. Landscape design approaches, intuitive or implicit, are adopted to tie up the past, present, and future of the site while making a park that meets the needs of all kinds of users.