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1.
In this present work, biodiesel is produced from Yellow Oleander oil using different methods such as hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), ultrasonic cavitation (UC) and conventional mechanical stirring (MS) methods via trans-esterification under optimised conditions, the oil to methanol molar ratio is 4.5:1 in the presence of .75 wt. % potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the alkali catalyst and 60°C operating temperature. Results showed that yield obtained by HC technique is higher when compared to UC and MS methods. After that, experiments have been carried out to estimate the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder, four-stroke, diesel engine fuelled with Yellow Oleander oil methyl ester and its blends with 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% biodiesel with diesel at different loading conditions. The results of the experiments have been compared and analysed with standard diesel and they confirm considerable improvement in the performance parameters as well as exhaust emissions. 相似文献
2.
The current state of future energy and environmental crises has revitalised the need to find alternative sources of energy due to escalating oil prices and depleting oil reserves. To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been a growing interest in alternative fuels like biodiesel that can become a suitable diesel fuel substitute for compression ignition engine. Biodiesel offers a very promising alternative to diesel fuel, since they are renewable and have similar properties. Calophyllum inophyllum seed oil collected from different restaurants in the Nagapattinam region of South India was converted into methyl esters (biodiesel) by transesterification. Biodiesel produced from C. inophyllum oil was blended with diesel by different volume proportions (25%, 50%, and 75%). Biodiesel and its blends were tested on a direct injection (DI) diesel engine at a constant speed by varying loads from 0% to 100% in steps of 20% to analyse its performance, emission, and combustion characteristics. The results obtained were compared with that of diesel fuel. B25 (27.5%) showed better performance than diesel fuel (26.28%) at full load and B50 showed performances similar to diesel fuel. Smoke density of B25 was slightly (2.6%) higher than that of diesel at full load conditions. At full load, measured carbon monoxide emissions for B25 and B50 were 4% lower than that of diesel. Hydrocarbon emissions for B25 and B100 were 5.37% and 25.8% higher than that of diesel, respectively. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission was lower for all biodiesel blends. NOx emissions of B100 and B75 were lower than that of diesel by 22.16% and 13.29% at full load, respectively. Combustion profile was smoother, and no knocking problem was observed while operating with biodiesel blends. B75 produced peak cylinder pressure. 相似文献
3.
This paper aims to study the diesel engine performance and combustion characteristics fuelled with Banalities aegyptiaca oil methyl ester, palm oil methyl ester, sesame methyl ester oil, rapeseed methyl ester oil, soybean oil methyl ester and diesel fuel. In this present work, only 20% of each biodiesel blends was tested in diesel engine; stated that the possible use of biodiesel of up to 20% in a diesel engine without modification in literature. A single-cylinder, auxiliary water-cooled and computer-based variable compression ratio diesel engine was used to evaluate their performance at constant speed and at measured load conditions. The performance and combustion tests are conducted using each of the above test fuels, at a constant speed of 5000?rpm. Thus, the varying physical and chemical properties of test fuels against pure diesel are optimised for better engine performance.
Abbreviations: BP: brake power; BSFC: brake-specific fuel consumption; BTE: brake thermal efficiency; CO: carbon monoxide; CP: cylinder pressure; DP: diesel pressure; EGT: exhaust gas temperature; HC: hydrocarbon; HRR: heat release rate; NO x : nitric oxides; PM: particulate matter; TDC: top dead centre; VCR: variable compression ratio 相似文献
4.
Vateria indica Linn seeds were found to contain nearly 19% of oil/fat content. This fat is converted into biodiesel by a novel method by the authors at the biodiesel preparation facility at NITK, Surathkal, India. As biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel for petro diesel in compression ignition (CI) engines, this biofuel is tested in a single-cylinder diesel engine. The objective of this work is to find combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine with diesel and blends of V. indica biodiesel at 180, 200 and 220?bar injection pressures. Blending is done in volumetric ratios of 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% of biodiesel with diesel which are called as B10, B15, B20 and B25. The idea of increasing fuel injection pressure is to promote atomisation and full penetration into the combustion chamber leading to better combustion. Blend B25 showed best thermal efficiency of the order of 33.03% and the least NOX emission of 1047?ppm at 220?bar injection pressure at 75% load. 相似文献
5.
This study investigates the biodiesel from Deccan hemp oil and its blends for the purpose of fuelling diesel engine. The performance and emission characteristics of Deccan hemp biodiesel are estimated and compared with diesel fuel. The experimental investigations are carried out with different blends of Deccan hemp biodiesel. Results show that brake thermal efficiency is improved significantly by 4.15% with 50 BDH when compared with diesel fuel. The Deccan hemp biodiesel reduces NOx, HC and CO emission along with a marginal increase in CO2 and smoke emissions with an increase in the biodiesel proportion in the diesel fuel. The improvement in heat release rates shows an increase in the combustion rate with different percentage blends of Deccan hemp biodiesel. From the engine test results, it has been established that 30–50 BDH of Deccan hemp biodiesel can be substituted for diesel. 相似文献
6.
V. K. Bupesh Raja 《国际自然能源杂志》2013,34(6):563-565
This article is an effort to address the need for a non-cooking oil-based biodiesel. Here, the experimental work is done on a single cylinder, direct injection CI engine using cashew nut shell oil biodiesel blends under constant speed. The cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) biodiesel is blended with the diesel fuel and used as biodiesel blend. Blends used for testing are B20, B40 and B60. The effect of the fuels on engine power, brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and exhaust gas temperature was determined by performance tests. The influences of blends on CO, CO2, HC and NOx emissions were investigated by emission tests. The BTE values of biodiesel are closer to diesel. Compared to diesel, all the biodiesel blends gave lesser unburnt hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and smoke emissions. Slightly higher NOx emissions were found in CNSL biodiesel blends, which is typical of the other biodiesels. 相似文献
7.
ABSTRACTThe present study was aimed to produce biodiesel from soybean oil and to investigate its characteristics. Soybean oil-based bio diesel properties are observed and tested in the fuel testing laboratory with standard procedures. It is found that soybean oil-based biodiesel has similar properties as that of diesel fuel. An experimental set-up was used in the study to analyse the performance, combustion and emission of soybean oil biodiesel with respect to normal diesel by using different blends (B20, B40, B60, B80 and B100). It is observed that there is no difficulty found in running the engine, but the performance of the biodiesel blends quite deviated from normal diesel. The combustion characteristics of the tested blends were in agreement with normal diesel. The carbon emissions are much lower for soybean oil biodiesel blends than diesel. 相似文献
8.
As the decreasing availability of the fossil fuel is rising day by day, the search of alternate fuel that can be used as a substitute to the conventional fuels is rising rapidly. A new type of biofuel, chicha oil biodiesel, is introduced in this work for the purpose of fuelling diesel engine. Chicha oil was transesterified with methanol using potassium hydroxide as catalyst to obtain chicha oil methyl ester (COME). The calorific value of this biodiesel is lower, when compared to that of diesel. The COME and their blends of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% with diesel were tested in a single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection diesel engine and the performance, combustion and emission results were compared with diesel. The test result indicates that there is a slight increase in brake thermal efficiency and decrease in brake-specific fuel consumption for all blended fuels when compared to that of diesel fuel. The use of biodiesel resulted in lower emissions of CO and HC and increased emissions of CO2 and NOx. The experimental results proved that the use of biodiesel (produced from chicha oil) in compression ignition engine is a viable alternative to diesel. 相似文献
9.
ABSTRACTThis work investigates the effect of adding Cerium oxide nanoparticles at different proportions (30, 60 and 90?ppm) to Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester and diesel blends (20% CI methyl ester and 80% diesel) in a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine. Addition of nanoparticles is a strategy to reduce emission and to improve the performance of the biodiesel. Modified fuels are introduced into the engine by admitting exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) at a rate of 10% and 20% so as to reduce nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions from biodiesel and diesel blends. Results revealed a significant reduction in emissions (CO, NOX, HC and Smoke) at a 10% EGR rate. However, brake thermal efficiency is reduced with an increase in brake-specific fuel consumption at higher EGR rates. Hence, it is observed that 10% EGR rate is an effective method to control the emission of biodiesel and diesel blends without compromising much on engine efficiency. 相似文献
10.
《国际自然能源杂志》2012,33(1):58-63
ABSTRACTBioalcohols have recently become one of the promising alternate fuels. Lower alcohols exhibit some problems like phase separation, stability issues, storage problems, corrosion etc. Hence, the addition of higher alcohols is regarded least-problematic and the concept of using higher alcohols as fuel blends is relatively new. In this article, the effects of the addition of higher alcohol (1-pentanol) on engine performance and emission characteristics are discussed. Two reference fuels (diesel and biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil) and two test fuels (blends of 20% of 1-pentanol and 80% of either diesel or biodiesel) are tested in a single cylinder compression ignition diesel engine for six load conditions (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20?kg) at a constant speed of 1200?rpm. The engine performance and emission characteristics are determined and discussed. 相似文献
11.
This research focuses on a comparative study of the physical and chemical properties of waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel with China stage IV diesel fuel. The estimate method of excess air ratio and the heating value ratio of an engine's cylinder mixture are proposed based on the differences of properties of two fuels. The bench tests of engine performance are carried out with an engine fuelled with two fuels separately. The estimated excess air ratio and the heating value ratio of an engine's cylinder mixture through the method are approximate to the experiment results. This comparison demonstrates that the estimate method can be applied to the performance analysis of an engine. Compared with China stage IV diesel, when a diesel engine is fuelled with WCO biodiesel, the torque and power decline from 1.9% to 13.8%; the brake-speci?c fuel consumption rises from 3.7% to 15.6%; CO, HC and PM emissions decrease significantly and NOX emissions increase slightly. 相似文献
12.
ABSTRACTThe main emphasis of this work is to explore the biodiesel obtained from waste cooking oil and its utilisation in CI engine blended with ethanol and conventional diesel. Waste cooking oil methyl esters (WCOME) was prepared by transesterification with a heterogeneous catalyst such as CaO. Diesel and WCOME blends of five different proportions with 5% of ethanol uniformly added to them were used as a fuel in a variable compression ratio, constant speed, compression ignition engine. The performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the engine at part and full load conditions were compared with that of neat diesel, varying the compression ratio from 18 to 22. From the experimental results, the blend comprising 20% waste cooking oil, 5% ethanol and 75% mineral diesel showed ameliorated performance and emission characteristics, compared with all the other fuel blends at an optimum compression ratio of 21. 相似文献
13.
An artificial neural network (ANN) model is developed to predict the engine performance of fish oil biodiesel blended with diethyl ether. Engine performance and emission characteristics such as brake thermal efficiency, hydrocarbon, exhaust gas temperature, oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), smoke and carbon dioxide (CO2) were considered. Experimental investigations on single-cylinder, constant speed, direct injection diesel engine are carried out under variable load conditions. The performance and emission characteristics are measured using an exhaust gas analyser, smoke metre, piezoelectric pressure transducer and crank angle encoder for different fuel blends and engine load conditions. In this model, a back propagation algorithm is used to predict the performance. Computational results clearly demonstrated that the developed ANN models produced less deviations and exhibited higher predictive accuracy with acceptable determination correlation coefficients of 0.97–1 and mean relative error of 0–3.061% with experimental values. The root mean square errors were found to be low. The developed model produces the idealised results and it has been found to be useful for predicting the engine performance and emission characteristics with limited number of available data. 相似文献
14.
An investigational research is carried out to found the performance and emission characteristics of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine with cerium oxide nanoparticles additives in diesel and biodiesel blends. Mahua methyl ester was produced by transesterification and blended with diesel. Cerium oxide nanoparticles of 50 and 100?ppm in proportion are subjected to high-speed mechanical agitation followed by ultra-sonication. The experimentations was conducted on a single cylinder DI diesel engine at a constant speed of 1500?rpm using different cerium-oxide (CeO2)-blended biodiesel fuel (B20?+?50?ppm, B20?+?100?ppm, B50?+?50?ppm and B50?+?100?ppm) and the outcomes were compared with those of neat diesel and Mahua biodiesel blend (B20 and B50). The experimental results indicated that brake thermal efficiency of B20?+?100?ppm cerium oxide was increased by 1.8 with 1% betterment in specific fuel consumption. Emissions of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide were reasonably lower than Diesel fuel. 相似文献
15.
ABSTRACT The present investigation explores the effect of dairy scum oil methyl ester (DSOME) blends and ethanol additive on TV1 Kirloskar diesel engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics. From the experimental study, it is concluded that DSOME-B20 (20% dairy scum biodiesel?+?80% diesel) has shown appreciable performance and lower HC and CO emissions among all other blends. Hence DSOME-B20 is optimised as best fuel blend and it is carried for further investigations to study the effect of bio-ethanol additive on diesel engine performance. From the study it apparent that diesel engine operated with ethanol additive and 20% dairy scum biodiesel blended fuels shown the satisfactorily improved emission characteristics when compared to petroleum diesel fuel operation. Finally, from the experimental investigation, it concludes that addition of ethanol shown the slightly higher HC, CO emission and improved BTE, BSFC, NOx and CO2 than sole B20 biodiesel blend. Among all three (3%, 6% and 9%) ethanol additive ratios, E6% (6%-ethanol with B20) ethanol additive exhibits slightly better BTE, BSFC, cylinder pressure and heat release rate hence 6% ethanol additive with B20 biodiesel blend would furnish beneficial effects in the diesel engine. 相似文献
16.
Biodiesel is a promising renewable alternative fuel for diesel. The need of biodiesel fuels for the diesel engines is to restrict the dependency on the fossil fuels in context to the world energy oil crisis. The objective of this article is to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine with diesel and blends of canola biodiesel Emulsion at 200, 220 and 240?bar. The fuel injection system in a diesel engine is to achieve a high degree of atomisation for better penetration of fuel in order to utilise the full air charge and to promote the evaporation in a very short time and to achieve higher combustion efficiency. Emulsified fuels showed an improvement in brake thermal efficiency of 28.8% at 240?bar accompanied by the drastic reduction in NOx at 200?bar. 相似文献
17.
Nano-additives can be added to biodiesel blends to improve its performance through better fuel properties. The present study investigated the effects of Al2O3 nano-additives on B20 blends of pongamia and jatropha biodiesel in a vertical single cylinder direct injection compression ignition engine. The fuel properties have been determined for all fuel samples with and without additives addition. The engine study was conducted to analyse the performance and emission characteristics of the blends with and without the additives at varying loads. The emissions from the biodiesel blends were comparatively lesser than that of normal diesel. B20 blend of pongamia biodiesel with additive has shown better performance. Additive-added biodiesel blends show a significant reduction in NOx emission. 相似文献
18.
This paper describes an application of fuzzy logic principle for predicting the internal combustion engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics using fish oil biodiesel. Experimental investigations on a single cylinder, constant speed, direct injection diesel engine were carried out under variable load conditions. The performance, emission and combustion characteristics such as brake thermal efficiency, hydrocarbon, exhaust gas temperature, oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide, smoke, carbon dioxide, ignition delay, combustion delay and maximum rate of pressure rise were considered. Engine performance was measured using an exhaust gas analyser, smoke metre, piezoelectric pressure transducer and crank angle encoder for different fuel blends and engine load conditions. The obtained data were recorded for each experiment and associated data used to develop a multiple inputs and multiple outputs fuzzy logic model. The developed model produced idealised results with the correlation coefficients of 0.988–0.999 and root mean square error, and was found to be useful for predicting the engine performance characteristics with limited number of available data. 相似文献
19.
Lei Zhu 《The Science of the total environment》2010,408(5):1050-1058
Ultra low sulfur diesel and two different kinds of biodiesel fuels blended with baseline diesel fuel in 5% and 20% v/v were tested in a Cummins 4BTA direct injection diesel engine, with a turbocharger and an intercooler. Experiments were conducted under five engine loads at two steady speeds (1500 rpm and 2500 rpm). The study aims at investigating the engine performance, NOx emission, smoke opacity, PM composition, PM size distribution and comparing the impacts of low sulfur content of biodiesel with ULSD on the particulate emission. The results indicate that, compared to base diesel fuel, the increase of biodiesel in blends could cause certain increase in both brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency. Compared with baseline diesel fuel, the biodiesel blends bring about more NOx emissions. With the proportion of biodiesel increase in blends, the smoke opacity decreases, while total particle number concentration increases. Meanwhile the ULSD gives lower NOx emissions, smoke opacity and total number concentration than those of baseline diesel fuel. In addition, the percentages of SOF and sulfate in particulates increase with biodiesel in blends, while the dry soot friction decreases obviously. Compared with baseline diesel fuel, the biodiesel blends increase the total nucleation number concentration, while ULSD reduces the total nucleation number concentration effectively, although they all have lower sulfur content. It means that, for ULSD, the lower sulfur content is the dominant factor for suppressing nucleation particles formation, while for biodiesel blends, lower volatile, lower aromatic content and higher oxygen content of biodiesel are key factors for improving the nucleation particles formation. The results demonstrate that the higher NOx emission and total nucleation number concentration are considered as the big obstacles of the application of biodiesel in diesel engine. 相似文献
20.
In the present investigation, the effect of thermal barrier coated piston on the performance and emission characteristics of mahua-biodiesel-fuelled diesel engine was studied and compared with those of neat diesel fuel. The piston, cylinder walls and the valves of the engine were coated with 0.25?mm thickness of Al2O3 material without affecting the compression ratio of the engine. Experiments were conducted using diesel and biodiesel blend (B20) in the engine with and without coating. The results revealed that specific fuel consumption was decreased by 8.5% and the brake thermal efficiency was increased by 6.2% for biodiesel blend with coated engine compared with the base engine with neat diesel fuel. The exhaust emissions CO, NOx and HC emissions were also decreased for biodiesel blend with coated engine compared with base engine. 相似文献