2～3μm AlSi的反应离子刻蚀及实用化技术研究

在Ｔｅｇａｌ１５１２ｅ反应离子刻蚀（ＲＩＥ）设备上，利用Ｃｌ＿２、ＳｉＣｌ＿４为主要刻蚀气体进行了Ａｌ－Ｓｉ１．２％的反应离子刻蚀，研究了各参数对刻蚀结果的影响。在此基础上，本文着重围绕线宽控制和后处理等关键性问题进行了实用化应用研究，并得到了最佳的刻蚀程序。最小加工线条宽度达到１．５μｍ，实用达２～３μｍ，体刻蚀率大于１μｍ／ｍｉｎ，均匀性小于±５％，线宽损失小于１０％，对热氧化ＳｉＯ＿２和ＡＥ１４５０Ｊ正性抗蚀剂的刻蚀选择比分别达８：１和３：１。此技术已用于多种多批量电路的制作工艺之中，效果良好。     

1微米硅栅CMOSASIC制造中RIE的应用

本文主要介绍１ｕｍ双阱双层金属布线硅栅ＣＭＯＳ专用集成电路制造中采用先进的反应离子刻蚀技术，对多种材料如ＬＰＣＶＤ、Ｓｉ３Ｎ４、ＰＥＣＶＥＳｉ３Ｎ４、热ＳｉＯ２、ＰＥＶＥＤＳｉＯ２、ＰＳＧ、ＢＰＳＧ、多晶硅和Ａｌ－Ｓｉ（１．０％）－Ｃｕ（０．５％）合金等进行高选择比的，各向异性刻蚀的工艺条件及其结果。获得上述各种材料刻蚀后临界尺寸（ＣＤ）总损失＜０．０８ｕｍ的优良结果。此外还分析讨论了被选择的刻蚀     

新型陶瓷刀具材料JX－2－I界面结构的实验研究

利用ＴＥＭ和电子衍射图谱分析，研究了新型陶瓷刀具材料ＪＸ－２－Ｉ的界面微观结构。ＴＥＭ分析表明，ＪＸ－２－Ｉ刀具材料的界面结合状态较好，Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３／ＳｉＣｗ界面上形成了具有较高强度的“钢筋混凝土”结构，在Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３／ＳｉＣｗ和Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３／ＳｉＣｐ界面上没有剧烈的化学反应发生；通过ＴＥＭ和电子衍射图分析，发现在Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３的晶粒边界上有尖晶石（ＭｇＡｌ＿２Ｏ＿４）生成，这有利于控制Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３晶粒的长大，提高复合材料的强度。     

自对准外延CoSi_2源漏接触CMOS器件技术

ＣＯ／Ｔｉ／Ｓｉ或ＴｉＮ／Ｃｏ／Ｔｉ／Ｓｉ多层薄膜结构通过多步退火技术在Ｓｉ单晶衬底上外延生长ＣｏＳｉ２薄膜，ＡＥＳ、ＲＢＳ测试显示ＣｏＳｉ２薄膜具有良好均匀性和单晶性．这种硅化物新技术已用于ＣＭＯＳ器件工艺．采用等离子体增强化学汽相淀积（ＰＥＣＶＤ）技术淀积氮氧化硅薄膜，并用反应离子刻蚀（ＲＩＥ）技术形成多晶硅栅边墙．固相外延ＣｏＳｉ２薄膜技术和边墙工艺相结合，经过选择腐蚀，可以分别在源漏区和栅区形成单晶ＣｏＳｉ２和多晶ＣｏＳｉ２薄膜，构成新型自对准硅化物（ＳＡＬＩＣＩＤＥ）器件结构．在Ｎ阱ＣＭＯＳ工艺     

利用氟化气体和氧气的混和物进行SiC薄膜的反应离子刻蚀

本文研究了在ＳＦ＿６、ＣＢｒＦ＿３和ＣＨＦ＿３与氧相混合的几种氟化气体等离子体中，ＳｉＣ薄膜反应离子刻蚀（ＲＩＥ）的深度。通过监测射频等离子体的光发射谱及产生等离子体的直流偏压来研究刻蚀机理。为了更精确地定量分析刻蚀工艺，使用氩光能测定技术使等离子发射强度转换为相应的等离子物质浓度。为获得选择性的ＳｉＣ－Ｓｉ刻蚀及ＳｉＣ薄膜的各向异性图形，对等离子体条件，如气体混合物的构成、压力和功率进行了研究。首次采用ＣＢｒＦ＿３／７５％Ｏ＿２和ＣＨＦ＿３／９０％Ｏ＿２，在等离子条件为２００Ｗ，２０ｓｃｃｍ，２０ｍｔｏｒｒ时，得到了ＳｉＣ：Ｓｉ的刻蚀速率的比值大于１。最好的各向异性截面是在ＲＩＥ方式下，采用ＣＨＦ＿３气体获得的。一个约－３００Ｖ的直流偏压临界值，对于ＳｉＣ刻蚀速率的限制区域分为化学和物理控制。对于所有气体，均在刻蚀后的ＳｉＣ膜上发现了富碳的表面。氟化气体中ＳｉＣ的刻蚀机理可从加载实验、表面分析及其他刻蚀现象中推断出来。文中给出了碳和氧之间发生化学反应的证据，而氟和碳之间发生化学反应的证据却没有观察到。通过实验，提出了一种化学和物理刻蚀相结合的模型。而为理解刻蚀截面，提出了碳保护的机理。     

离子／电子混合导体Cu_xMo_6S_（8－y）的性能研究

本文通过对工艺条件的控制，获得了铜系混合导体材料Ｃｕ２Ｍｏ６Ｓ７、７、Ｃｕ２Ｍｏ６Ｓ８．０及Ｃｕ４Ｍｏ６Ｓ８．０．ｘ射线衍射物相分析表明为Ｍｏ６Ｓ８结构的单相，并采用分析化学方法对其化学计量进行了分析，通过测试得到了三种混合导体的总电导率σ和离子电导率σｉ·当混合导体Ｃｕ２Ｍ０６Ｓ７、７与固体电解质Ｒｂ４Ｃｕ１６Ｉ７Ｃｌ１３复合后可改善其电化学性能，复合比为２：１时，总电导率σ和离子电导率σｉ可达７５（Ω·ｃｍ）－１和７×ｌ０－２（Ω·ｃｍ）－１。     

利用反应离子刻蚀实现GaAs晶片通孔工艺

贯穿晶片的背面通孔已成为ＧａＡｓＭＭＩＣ和功率ＭＥＳＦＥＴ的有效接地方式。本文介绍了利用Ｃｌ２／ＳｉＣｌ４作为反应气体，以正性光刻胶为掩模的反应离子刻蚀背孔工艺。利用该工艺刻蚀出的深孔具有倾斜的剖面和光滑的侧壁，孔的横向侧蚀小，在５０ｍｍＧａＡｓ圆片上获得了良好的均匀性和重复性。     

掺杂硅酸铋晶体的生长及吸收光谱的研究

用提拉法生长了质量较高的Ａｌ∶Ｂｉ１２ＳｉＯ２０和Ｃｒ∶Ｂｉ１２ＳｉＯ２０（简称Ａｌ∶ＢＳＯ和Ｃｒ∶ＢＳＯ）晶体，测定了掺杂ＢＳＯ晶体的吸收光谱。首次发现：Ａｌ∶ＢＳＯ（摩尔比）为０．１％的晶体的透过率（８０％）远高于纯ＢＳＯ晶体的透过率（７０％）；Ｃｒ∶ＢＳＯ晶体中除Ｃｒ３＋外，还存在少量Ｃｒ４＋     

2英寸高均匀性GaAs多层外延材料

用法国进口的ＧａＡｓＶＰＥ设备，采用ＡｓＣｌ）３／Ｈ＿２／Ｇａ体系，以ＳｎＣｌ＿４ｌ／ＡｓＣｌ＿３为掺杂液，生长了２英寸多层ＧａＡｓ外延材料，自行设计了反应器的热场分布，在反应器中增加了合适的搅拌器，用以改变反应器中气体流动情况。ＧａＡｓ外延层的浓度均匀性与厚度均匀性均小于５％。浓度均匀性的最佳值为３．７％，厚度均匀性的最佳值为１．５％，当外延层载流子浓度为１．９×１０￣（１７）ｃｍ￣（－３）时，室温迁移率达到４３９０ｃｍ￣２／Ｖ·ｓ。     

新型复相陶瓷刀具材料JX－2－Ⅰ的界面结构及其对材料性能的影响

本文利用ＴＥＭ研究了新型复相陶瓷刀具材料Ｊｘ－２－Ⅰ的界面结构，结果表明，在Ｊｘ－２－Ⅰ中Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３／ＳｉＣｗ（氧化铝／碳化硅晶须）界面和Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３／ＳｉＣｐ（碳化硅颗粒）界面结合良好，形成了具有较高强度的微观结构；发现在ＳｉＣｗ、ＳｉＣｐ和Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３晶粒上均有位错产生，在ＳｉＣｐ和Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３上有孪晶产生；分析表明，位错和孪晶的产生均吸收大量的断裂能，提高材料的断裂韧性，改善ＪＸ－２－Ⅰ材料的整体性能。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks