氩直流辉光等离子体钢液脱氮的研究

用25 kg真空感应炉对0.02%C钢液进行氩直流(DC)辉光等离子体条件的脱氮实验,研究了氩辉光等离子体对钢液脱氮动力学的影响。结果表明,氩辉光等离子体钢液脱氮速度和脱氮效果明显优于真空钢液脱氮,当钢液氧含量为180×10^-6,在氩辉光等离子体下钢液中氮含量可降至9×10^-6。氩辉光等离子体对钢液的脱氮效果体现在界面化学反应上,提供了加速脱氮反应的动力学条件。     

转炉底吹氮氩切换对氮质量分数影响

为了研究转炉底吹气体对钢水终点氮质量分数影响,研究了迁钢210 t顶底复吹转炉底吹模式对转炉终点氮质量分数的影响,并基于钢液脱氮和吸氮理论对试验结果进行了分析。应用实践结果表明,随着铁水碳质量分数增加以及终点氧质量分数降低,终点氮质量分数逐渐降低;在铁水条件、副原料、转炉终点、底吹流量以及过程操作一致条件下,随着氮氩切换时间节点延长,钢液增氮量逐渐增加。当切换时间节点为吹氧比56%以内,底吹氮氩切换对终点钢水氮质量分数影响较小,当切换时间节点为吹氧比高于56%时,终点钢水氮质量分数增幅较大。     

Behaviors of Denitrogenation in RH-MFB

 According to the analysis related to kinetic mechanism of vacuum denitrogenation and combining with the actual production of RH-MFB (a combination of Ruhstahl-Hausen vacuum degassing process with a multifunctional oxygen lance) at Liansteel, the limit step and model equation of vacuum denitrogenation are determined. Meanwhile, the influencing factors of nitrogen removal from liquid steel in vacuum of RH-MFB are analyzed. The results show that the limit step of vacuum denitrogenation in RH-MFB is the mass transfer of nitrogen in liquid boundary layer and the reaction follows first order kinetics. Keeping the necessary circulation time under the working pressure (67 Pa) is helpful to nitrogen removal from steel. The oxygen content in molten steel has little influence on the removal of nitrogen after deep deoxidation, while the sulphur content in liquid steel is always relatively low and has little effect on denitrogenation. The sharp decrease of carbon content in steel drives the process of denitrogenation reaction so as to exhibit a faster denitrogenation rate. The interfacial chemical reaction and argon blowing play a major role in the nitrogen removal when the carbon content in liquid steel is stable.     

太钢VOD冶炼超纯铁素体不锈钢的工艺技术进步

阐述了超纯铁素体不锈钢的超低碳氮的特点及其熔体降碳去氮困难的原因,利用真空降碳去氮的理论结合这方面的研究成果分析和讨论了影响VOD脱碳脱氮的影响因素,并利用VOD现场冶炼的具体数据进行了这些因素的统计分析,在此基础上提出了提高真空度、加强底吹氩搅拌强度、提高入炉钢液温度、提高人炉碳含量和降低人炉氮含量、增加VOD吹氧脱碳时的供氧量、高真空吹氩纯沸腾工艺、选用无碳、或低碳还原料等工艺技术措施,最后介绍了太钢这几年在VOD冶炼超纯铁素体不锈钢采取上述措施后所取得的效果。     

在冶金熔体中产生直流辉光等离子体的控制电路

论述了等离子体的特性以及在冶金熔体中应用直流辉光等离子体的意义，阐述了如何根据直流辉光等离子体的电路特性熔体的的特殊条件设计产生直流辉光等离子体的控制电路，并用低熔点的熔融金属铅和钢液作为阴极对该电路进行了测试。     

中间包等离子加热工业试验

控制中间包内钢水温度变化是提高生产率和产品质量的有效方法之一。中间包等离子加热能够弥补浇注过程中钢水温降,稳定钢水温度,提高铸坯质量。对某厂中间包等离子加热进行工业试验研究。采用三中空石墨电极等离子加热装置对中间包内钢水进行加热。通过两组中间包等离子加热试验,探究等离子加热对中间包内钢液温度变化和钢液成分及夹杂物特征的影响。结果表明,等离子加热中间包内钢水升温效果明显,升温速率可实现0.8 ℃/min,同时也能够使钢水温度保持稳定;等离子加热后中间包内钢水全氧含量下降,氮含量基本不变,碳含量略有升高;加热后钢液中夹杂物的数密度明显降低,分别下降了7.43%和19.68%。中间包等离子加热可稳定中间包内钢液过热度,促进了氧化物夹杂的上浮去除,提高了铸坯质量。     

钢液中氮含量控制的工艺研究

从炼钢、精炼和连铸工艺方面入手,对影响钢液中氮含量的各个工序进行工艺研究,结果表明：随着出钢口次数的增加,氮含量增加量降低;弱吹氩时,对于降低氮含量的作用并不明显,控制不当时还会增加氮含量,且从大部分炉次来看,用钢包炉精炼时钢中的氮含量增加;生产过程中最终钢液的氮由其各工序的增（脱）氮量来决定。     

Nitrogen Desorption in Molten Stainless Steel during Immersion Argon Blowing

The behavior of nitrogen desorption reaction in molten stainless steel for AISI 304 and 316 during immersion argon blowing through an immersed alumina nozzle with 3 mm in I.D. has been investigated by sampling method. Some kinetic parameters such as reaction order, rate constant and apparent activation energy of nitrogen desorption reaction for AISI 304 and 316 have been obtained. Results show that nitrogen desorption reaction from molten stainless steel for AISI 304 and 316 is the second order reaction. The rate constant at 1550 ℃ and 1580 ℃ for AISI 316 is 0.08407%-1·min-1 and 0.82370%-1·min-1, respectively. The rate constant at 1550 ℃ for AISI 304 is 0.4166%-1·min-1. The apparent activation energy Ea of nitrogen desorption reaction for AISI 316 is 2136.47 kJ/mol. This huge value of apparent activation energy verifies that the nitrogen desorption reaction has a complex and multistep reaction mechanism. The rate of nitrogen desorption reaction from molten stainless steel is mixed controlled by the desorption reaction of diatomic molecule nitrogen or of monatomic nitrogen from molten metal at the gas-metal interface and the mass transfer of nitrogen in molten metal. The rate equation of process for nitrogen desorption has been deduced.     

钢包底吹氩方式对LF精炼的影响

采用FLUENT大型商业软件和水模拟装置对某厂50tLF炉底吹氩喷嘴的布置方式进行了数值模拟和水模拟研究.分别讨论了单孔、双孔中心对称和双孔轴对称三种底吹氩喷嘴布置方式对钢液混匀时间的影响和钢液表面的卷渣情况.结果表明,在相同的吹氩量下,采用双孔轴对称底吹氩钢液混匀时间最短,在整个钢包内部及表面,钢液流动速度均匀而稳定,基本消除了搅拌\     

转炉留渣双渣工艺两阶段脱磷对比

 为了获得两阶段脱磷的关键工艺参数,通过统计100 t转炉留渣双渣工艺生产数据,比较了脱磷及脱碳阶段的脱磷有利条件,研究结果表明,两阶段脱磷条件对脱磷效果的影响规律存在显著差异,脱磷阶段炉渣碱度为1.8~2.2、Fe2O3质量分数为23%~28%、钢液温度为1 350~1 400 ℃时,可获得最优的脱磷效果;脱碳阶段炉渣碱度为3.2~5.2、Fe2O3质量分数为18%~30%、钢液温度为1 600~1 700 ℃时,提高炉渣碱度及Fe2O3质量分数或降低钢液温度可获得更优的脱磷效果;脱磷、脱碳阶段都没有达到热力学平衡,但脱磷阶段与热力学平衡差距更大,脱碳阶段更接近热力学上的平衡。     

AOD炉冶炼含氮不锈钢氮成分控制的研究

对氮在不锈钢熔体中溶解的热力学和动力学行为进行了理论分析,指出氮在不锈钢熔体中溶解度随钢水温度降低和铬、锰、钼含量增加而升高,而随着镍和碳含量的增加而降低;对AOD炉冶炼不锈钢吹氮合金化工艺控制模型进行了理论研究和实际应用,指出在AOD炉中氮含量随着钢水碳含量、温度、供氧强度、吹氩强度的变化而变化,该工艺适合冶炼钢种的氮含量小于该钢种在常压下理论氮溶解度的90%,为保证氮成分精度,以小于80 %为宜.     

Analysis of high-alloy steels: Mass spectra of glow discharge in argon

The types and concentrations of ion polyatomic clusters in glow discharge plasma are calculated in cathode sputtering of Kh13N10T stainless steel in argon. Mass spectra in the mass regions of elements used for microalloying of steels are interpreted. The calculations are performed for high gas background typical of pressured pellets of powder materials. The resolution of mass spectrometer that ensures the necessary detection limit for rare-earth and alkaline-earth elements, B, V, Zr, Nb, and Mo is discussed.     

120t转炉冶炼82B钢的氮含量控制实践

为了有效控制82B钢水氮含量,在转炉终点、氩站精炼、钢包炉精炼、VD真空处理和连铸中包等工序进行取样,得到氮含量变化数据,研究了各工序操作对钢水氮含量的影响。结果表明：除VD真空处理外,其他工序均有不同程度的增氮。通过采取转炉终点氮含量控制、氩站弱吹、减少钢包炉精炼补加合金以及全保护浇铸等措施,可有效控制82B钢增氮。     

Change of Nitrogen Content in the Molten Steel during CaO Powder Blowing

The rates of nitrogen desorption from molten steel were measured with the blow of CaO powder or argon gas onto the melts under reduced pressure. 15kg of electrolytic iron was melted in a MgO crucible by a high frequency induction furnace and the temperature of the melt was held at 1873 K. A mathematical model was developed with the consideration of the chemical reaction between sulphur in molten steel and CaO powder and the desorption of nitrogen at gas‐metal interface. The calculated results were in good agreement with the measured ones. The apparent rate constant of nitrogen desorption and the rate controlling step were examined.     

长水口吹氩生成微小气泡工业实验研究

在连铸生产中采用大流量长水口吹氩,并采用“冷钢片沾钢法”沾取中间包钢液试样,成功沾取了中间包钢液中微小氩气泡。冷钢片沾样表面气泡为中间包上部钢/渣界面和炉渣中氩气泡,尺寸主要位于1.0~3.0 mm,但该尺寸不能反映中间包钢液内部长水口吹氩生成气泡,冷钢片沾样内部气泡为钢液内部长水口吹氩生成的气泡。结合扫描电镜和共聚焦显微镜对沾取试样内部气泡形貌、尺寸和数量进行了分析,结果表明大部分气泡为独立圆形气泡,偶见少量粘连和聚合气泡;钢液内部氩气泡尺寸主要位于100~1000 μm,平均尺寸为500 μm左右;气泡在长水口出口及其下方较为弥散,气泡数量可达15.2 cm?2。采用扫描电镜结合能谱分析,发现部分气泡内粘附有夹杂物,有些气泡粘附多个夹杂物;气泡粘附Al₂O₃夹杂物的几率高于粘附CaO(?MgO)?Al₂O₃?SiO₂复合夹杂物的几率。      

钢包渣中V2O5和稀土氧化物在常压下对钢液脱氮的影响

为了研究熔渣中V2O5和RexOy对钢液氮含量的影响,选用CaO—SiO2-Al2O3系碱性渣作为基础渣系。通过对试验结果分析可知,熔渣中加入V2O5后,对钢液脱氮起了一定的作用,但效果不明显;渣中加入RexOy后,对钢液脱氮的影响不太明显,但是,它能够较好保护钢液,阻止钢液吸氮。     

Nitrogen transfer into plasma heated steel melts as a function of arc polarity

Heating liquid steel in the tundish with argon stabilized plasma arcs is one example of the increasing importance of mobile and inert heating systems in metallurgy. Unwanted nitrogen pick-up caused by infiltrated air, and possibly aggravated by the activating effect of plasma, should be minimized by selecting the optimum current mode and torch polarity. With this aim in mind, the nitrogen transfer kinetics have been investigated on 150-kg low carbon steel melts at different nitrogen partial pressures as a function of arc polarity. The experimental plasma plant was equipped with a 2000-A torch, housing a thoria stabilized tungsten electrode, and a counter electrode located at the bottom of the crucible. The torch could be operated with DC of either polarity or with AC. Kinetic models of nitrogen transfer have been developed, which show good agreement with experimental results. Arc polarity has a significant effect both on the rate of nitrogen pick-up in the arc area (pumping effect) and on the mass transport in the melt (stirring effect). Of all configurations tested, the torch as cathode is the most suitable arc configuration for inert heating, since the particularly active N⁺ ions in the plasma are repelled by the melt surface. Furthermore, the relatively strong stirring effect of the plasma jet leads to the highest heat transfer efficiency. On the other hand, where controlled nitrogen pick-up is required, the highest nitrogen transfer rates are obtained with the torch poled as anode.     

钢包底吹氩性能优化水模型试验

利用水模型模拟了本钢炼钢厂精炼过程的吹氩工艺,研究了优化吹氩孔布置方案对钢液混合效果的影响,以及吹气量大小对混匀时间以及夹杂物的影响。结果表明:在电极圆以外区域可以找到比现行吹氩位置混匀效果更优的双气孔吹氩孔布置方案,混匀时间明显缩短;当吹气孔位于钢包底部1/2R半径上时,两个气孔夹角为30°吹气效果最优;当吹气孔位于钢包底部2/3R半径上时,气孔夹角为150°吹气效果最优;在条件相同的情况下,位于1/2R圆上的双透气砖组合的混匀效果整体上优于位于2/3R圆上的双透气砖组合;钢包底吹氩时的透气量大小要适中,气量过大时对提高溶液混合效果贡献不大,且气量过大会产生明显的卷渣现象。     

中间包吹氩去除钢水夹杂物

通过现场实验,研究了中间包吹氩位置和氩气流量对钢水洁净度的影响,重点探讨了在注流区吹氩对钢水洁净度的影响.结果表明:在T型中间包注流区内进行合适流量吹氩可提高钢水洁净度,在浇铸区拐角处和塞棒附近吹氩对钢水洁净度没有明显的影响;在注流区内吹氩,合适的氩气流量为6L·min^-1,与不吹氩相比,钢中总氧降低率和夹杂物的去除率均可提高10%左右,但15L·min^-1的大流量吹氩将会显著增加钢中总氧和大型夹杂物数量.分析认为:注流区内大的湍流强度可将氩气泡击碎成弥散小气泡,大量小气泡在钢液中上浮,不但提高了气泡捕捉夹杂物的概率,而且增加了夹杂物之间的碰撞机会,其结果是增大了夹杂物的粒径,促进了夹杂物的上浮去除;同时,注流区离水口距离最远,在注流区吹氩,碰撞长大的夹杂物有更长的时间上浮排出.以上两个因素的共同作用,使得在注流区吹氩对去除钢水夹杂物有显著效果.     

钢水在线成分微调技术的研究与应用

因转炉成分控制能力有限,为实现钢水成分的预知预控,通过对钢水、铸坯取样分析,研究了转炉操作和吹氩工艺对钢水成分均匀性的影响,提出并实施精炼在线成分微调技术,使转炉成分控制能力提高、合金收得率提高3％、成分合格率提高1．5％、钢水均匀性等得到很大提高,为连铸生产顺行提供了有力保障。