固定化微生物细胞降解邻苯二甲酸二丁酯

The biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） using immobilized microbial cells was carded out in an internal airlift loop reactor with ceramic honeycomb supports. A strain that is capable of degrading DBP was isolated from the activated sludge and identified as Bacillus sp. using 16S rDNA sequential analysis. Bacillus sp. could be rapidly attached onto the ceramic honeycomb supports. The immobilized cells could effectively degrade DBP in batch and continuous experiments. When the influent concentration of DBP was 50mg·L^-1, the effluent DBP reached less than lmg.L i with 6h hydraulic retention time （HRT） in continuous experiment. The immobilized microbial cells could grow and accumulate through the biodegradation of DBP, and the rate of degradation is accordingly increased. The possible pathway of DBP biodegradation using immobilized cells was tentatively proposed.     

高岭石固定化微生物对菲的降解研究

从新疆克拉玛依油田受污染土壤中分选筛出1株能够以菲为唯一碳源和能源生长的细菌(命名为XJB4),初步鉴定为苍白杆菌(Ochrobactrum sp.)。在初始pH 7.0,培养温度30℃,投菌比例10%时,菌株XJB4对菲(初始浓度50 mg/L)的降解率在9 d内达88%以上。采用吸附法可以将菌株XJB4固定在高岭石上,固定化微生物具有传质性好、耐毒害能力强特点,对菲的降解在72 h低浓度条件下可达到95.24%,优于游离菌对菲的去除率70.12%。     

高岭石固定化微生物对菲的降解研究

从新疆克拉玛依油田受污染土壤中分选筛出1株能够以菲为唯一碳源和能源生长的细菌(命名为XJB4),初步鉴定为苍白杆菌(Ochrobactrum sp.)。在初始pH 7.0,培养温度30℃,投菌比例10%时,菌株XJB4对菲(初始浓度50 mg/L)的降解率在9 d内达88%以上。采用吸附法可以将菌株XJB4固定在高岭石上,固定化微生物具有传质性好、耐毒害能力强特点,对菲的降解在72 h低浓度条件下可达到95.24%,优于游离菌对菲的去除率70.12%。     

聚氨酯固定化微生物处理医院污水

本文用聚氨酯材料为载体固定化污泥厂筛选驯化出的好厌氧菌群,并以传染病医院污水为原水,研究了游离菌群、聚氨酯载体与聚氨酯固定化微生物对传染病医院污水处理效果。结果表明,原水的pH值在6～9时,固定化微生物处理污水效果均好于游离菌群和单载体,pH为7时其浊度与COD去除率分别达到了97%和94%以上,经消毒处理后,原水水质达到了排放标准。     

磁性固定化技术在环境工程领域的研究和应用进展

磁性固定化技术凭借其独特的磁学优势,在环境工程领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了磁性固定化载体种类和磁性固定化方法,着重论述了近年来磁性固定化技术在环境监测、废水及废气治理中的应用情况,并对该项技术在磁性载体的制备、探索微生物与磁性载体固定结合新方法及开发工业化应用技术等方面进行了展望。     

耐酚优势菌的固定化及降解性能研究

将苯酚驯化后的活性污泥制成固定化微生物小球,比较不同固定化微生物小球的机械强度和稳定性,选择最佳的固定化微生物小球.并对此固定化小球降解含酚废水的影响因素进行分析.结果表明：温度为30℃、pH8.5时,苯酚的降解速率最高.且随着初始浓度和液固比即持液量的增加,苯酚的去除率降低.     

饮用水中微生物的稳定性

在高质量的饮用水中出现细菌是目前水处理中难以解决的问题。目前,我国主要是通过水厂加氯同时控制管网末稍余氯的量（我国规定为0.05mg/L)来控制细菌在管道中的生长繁殖,本文主要讨论细菌繁殖的诱因以及影响它生长繁殖的几个因素。     

基于生物炭的固定化微生物技术在水处理中的应用

基于生物炭的固定化微生物技术是一种将生物炭和微生物固定化技术的优势相结合的技术。阐述了基于生物炭的固定化微生物技术的特点以及在水处理中的应用现状,同时提出该项技术面临的挑战以及今后的大致研究方向。     

固定化微生物技术在废水处理中的应用分析

固定化微生物技术已经在难解解废水,高浓度有机废水及含重金属废水等的治理中得到广泛的应用。微生物经固定化后其反应特性与游离状态有很大的差别。固定化方法和固定化载体的选择是微生物固定化工艺中的重要影响因素。     

UASB和微生物固定化反应器降解含聚废水组合工艺

随着聚合物驱油技术在油田的广泛推广,部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）在为油田提高采收率的同时,对当地环境也产生了相当大的危害。本文在对含聚污水水质分析和可生化性分析的基础上对污水进行可生化性调整,运用“气浮-UASB-水解酸化-微生物固定化反应器”组合工艺对含聚污水进行了生化处理模拟实验。模拟实验分为静态模拟和动态模拟两部分。静态模拟实验中,降解6天后,聚丙烯酰胺降解率达到89.7%。动态模拟试验中,组合工艺处理2天以后,HPAM降解率为88.65%,原油总去除率为99.40%,出水COD总去除率为93.40%。利用扫描电镜（SEM）和红外光谱分析聚丙烯酰胺降解产物,显示HPAM由大分子物质断裂成小分子物质,HPAM的酰胺基转化为羧基。     

固定化微生物对近海河道黑臭水体的净化研究

考察固定化复合菌对近海河道黑臭水体中COD_(Cr)、NH3-N、TN、TP的去除效果。结果表明:常温条件下,在黑臭水体pH值为7.01,溶解氧的质量浓度为2~3 mg/L,固定化复合菌投加量为6~9 g/L,反应时间为72 h时,净化效果较好,COD_(Cr)的质量浓度由初始100.00降至44.00 mg/L,去除率为56%;NH3-N的质量浓度由初始0.87降至0.03 mg/L,去除率为97%;TN的质量浓度由初始2.50降至1.00 mg/L,去除率为60%;TP的质量浓度由初始2.42降至1.01 mg/L,去除率为58%。相同试验条件下,对比了固定化复合菌、粉状菌、液态菌的处理效果,结果表明:3种菌剂去除效果按照由好变差的排序依次为固定化复合菌、液态菌、粉状菌,其中固定化复合菌的整体成本最低。     

微生物固定法降解含油污水的研究进展

随着微生物固定化技术的发展,越来越多的研究成果应用于环境治理领域。固定化技术在废水生物治理领域中具有独特的优势和巨大的潜力。本文主要介绍了吸附法和包埋法这两种固定化方法载体的选择和制备方法,探讨了固定化技术对微生物生理特性的影响,综述了固定化技术在修复石油污染方面的应用,总结了固定化微生物技术在实际应用中存在的不足。     

固定化微生物法处理PTA废水的研究

为了提高扬子石化水厂PTA废水的处理效率,采用固定化微生物的方法来处理PTA废水,通过对人工配水和实际PTA废水的试验,考察PTA废水处理中的容积负荷、溶解氧、pH值等因素对COD、TA、TOC去除率的影响,得出了固定化微生物法处理PTA废水的最佳运行条件:容积负荷为7.5kg[COD]/(m3·d),溶解氧的质量浓度不小于5mg/L,最低pH值不小于3.5。     

Degradation of pentachlorophenol by an electroenzymatic method using immobilized peroxidase enzyme

In this study, pentachlorophenol (PCP) was degraded by the electroenzymatic method, which combines the enzymatic catalysis and the electrogeneration of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The experiments were conducted in a two-compartment packed-bed reactor using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilized electrode. The highest production of H₂O₂ and the current efficiency were observed at −0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl and a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The highest initial degradation rate and degradation efficiency of PCP were achieved at pH 5 and 25 °C. Under the conditions, the electrolysis was compared with an electrochemical method. The presence of chloride ion indicates that PCP was dechlorinated at the initial period of degradation. According to the proposed breakdown pathway and the intermediates, the electroenzymatic method showed an improved degradation ability compared to an electrochemical method.     

饮用水中微量铬离子高效去除方法的研究

用腐殖酸包覆磁性四氧化三铁纳米材料吸附饮用水中的六价铬离子。结果表明,最佳吸附条件为:腐殖酸包覆四氧化三铁质量比为1∶1,反应温度90℃,分散剂与去离子水的比例为1∶5,反应时间60 min,Fe_3O_4/HA对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附时间为30 min。在最佳条件下,Fe_3O_4/HA对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附量为25.83 mg/g,氨水(25%²8%)用量为10 m L;Fe_3O_4/HA对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温方程。     

磁可分固定化漆酶降解甲基橙反应条件的考察

本文以Fe3O4/SjO2纳米复合粒子固载的漆酶降解甲基橙染料,研究了初始溶液的pH值、反应温度、介体ABTS的投加量、作用时间等因素对甲基橙溶液脱色率的影响,同时还考察了催化剂的重复使用性能.结果表明,该固定化漆酶降解甲基橙溶液时对pH值、反应温度、作用时间和介体ABTS的用量有一定的要求,在理想的反应条件下甲基橙的...     

微生物在水处理中的应用

污水的微生物处理是利用微生物的代谢反应进行的一种水处理方法。由于微生物具有多样性,能够分解多种污染物,所以其在水处理领域发挥重要作用。目前,微生物与水处理工程的研究方向就是充分利用微生物控制、消除水体的有机物、营养盐类、重金属污染物及利用微生物进行水处理使水资源再生。本文旨在介绍微生物在污水处理方面的主要用途以及作用机理。     

On-line extraction-reaction of canola oil using immobilized lipase in supercritical CO2

Lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis of canola oil in supercritical CO₂ (SCCO₂) was studied as a model reaction to develop an on-line extraction–reaction process to extract oil from oilseeds and convert the oil to other valuable products using SCCO₂. Immobilized lipase from Mucor miehei was used as the catalyst and the process was carried out at 24 MPa and 35°C. Product composition was analyzed using supercritical fluid chromatography. The effect of enzyme load, CO₂ flow rate and canola flake load on the amount of product and its composition was investigated. Hydrolysis occurred to a larger extent to free fatty acids and glycerol with an increase in enzyme load, a decrease in CO₂ flow rate or a decrease in canola load. On-line extraction-reaction process using SCCO₂ shows great potential for new process design to obtain products from agricultural commodities for use as ingredients in food and other industries.     

Synthesis of monoglycerides by glycerolysis of rapeseed oil using immobilized lipase

Reaction conditions for the synthesis of monoglycerides (MG) by enzyme-catalyzed glycerolysis of rapeseed oil using Lipozyme® IM have been studied. Silica gel was used to adsorb the glycerol to overcome the problems of low glycerol solubility in the organic phase. An experimental design was used where temperature, time, the ratio of silica gel to glycerol (w/w), the water activity (a) _w , the isooctane concentration, and the ratio of glycerol to triglycerides (mol/mol) were varied. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate initial reaction rate and yield for the different products. The best yield of MG achieved under the studied conditions was 17.4% (mol fatty acid in substance/total mol fatty acid in mixture) (75°C, 20 h, silica gel/glycerol 2:1, a _w =0.17, 48% isooctane, glycerol/triglycerides 6:1). The same conditions yielded 36.8% diglycerides, 13.6% free fatty acids (FFA), and 36.9% triglycerides. This is at the same level as the equilibrium yield. The yield of MG is low compared to the final yield achieved with solid-phase glycerolysis. However, in solid-phase glycerolysis the reaction mixture becomes solid, and therefore the solid-phase process is not suitable for industrial application. The formation of FFA was very fast compared to the synthesis of MG. Equilibrium for FFA was reached within 2 h, and the yield was strongly affected by the a _w . Increasing a _w greatly increased the formation of FFA. In the a _w ratio 0.06–0.3, the yield of FFA increased from 4 to 19% while the yield of MG was nearly unaffected. As FFA is an undesired product, it is important to keep the a _w as low as possible.