X‐ray diffraction methods and polarized optical microscopy have been used to investigate the structural change of syndiotactic polystyrene/clay nanocomposites. The nanocomposite has prepared by mixing an sPS polymer solution with organically modified montmorillonite. Both X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results indicate that most of the swellable silicate layers are exfoliated and randomly dispersed into the sPS matrix. The X‐ray diffraction data also show the presence of polymorphism in sPS/clay nanocomposites, which is strongly dependent on the thermal history of the nanocomposites from the melt and on the content of clay. In this study, the effect of premelting temperatures and crystallization temperatures of sPS and sPS/clay nanocomposites on their crystalline phases is discussed. 相似文献
Our continuing research on the preparation, characterization, materials properties, and biodegradability of polylactide (PLA)-layered silicate nanocomposites has yielded results for PLA-montmorillonite nanocomposites. Montmorillonite modified with trimethyl octadecylammonium cation was used as an organically modified layered silicate for the nanocomposites preparation. The internal structure of the nanocomposites in the nanometer range has been established by using wide-angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope analyses. All the nanocomposites exhibited superior improvement of practical materials properties such as storage modulus, flexural modulus, flexural strength, heat distortion temperature, and gas barrier property as compared to that of neat PLA. The biodegradability of neat PLA and a representative nanocomposite was also studied under compost, and the rate of biodegradation of neat PLA significantly increased after nanocomposites preparation. The melt rheology of neat PLA and various PLACNs was also studied. 相似文献
Acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS)/clay nanocomposites have been prepared using two types of ABS with different AN contents and a chemically modified clay, Cloisite 20A. The composites were prepared by melt mixing in a twin‐screw extruder. Their morphological properties were characterized by XRD and TEM. The thermal stability of the polymer nanocomposites was studied using TGA and flammability tests. The results were analyzed in terms of the effect of the clay content and the type of ABS used on the clay dispersion and the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. Experimental results confirmed that better dispersion and intercalation and/or exfoliation can be obtained when using an ABS with a higher AN content. The study using TGA and flammability tests showed that the nanodispersed layers of silicate enhanced the thermal stability of the ABS matrix, and that an ABS with higher AN content was more effective in providing fire retardancy. This suggests that when using higher AN contents, more polar groups are present within the polymer matrix, allowing a more homogeneous dispersion and intercalation of the chain polymers into the organomodified montmorillonite clay (MMT), and even some exfoliation of the nanoclay.
Understanding the structure/property relationship in polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites is of great importance in designing materials with desired properties. In order to understand these relations, a series of polylactide (PLA)/organically modified layered silicate (OMLS) nanocomposites have been prepared using a simple melt extrusion technique. Four different types of OMLS have been used for the preparation of nanocomposites, three were modified with functionalized ammonium salts while fourth one was a phosphonium salt modified OMLS. The structure of the nanocomposites in the nanometer scale was characterized by using wide-angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopic observations. Using four different types of layered silicates modified with four different types of surfactants, the effect of OMLS in nanocomposites was investigated by focusing on four major aspects: structural analysis, thermal properties and spherulite morphology, materials properties, and biodegradability. Finally, we draw conclusions about the structure/property relationship in the case of PLA/OMLS nanocomposites. 相似文献
Novel biodegradable aliphatic polyester (APES)/organoclay nanocomposites were prepared through melt intercalation method. Two kinds of organoclays, Cloisite 30B and Cloisite 10A with different ammonium cations located in the silicate gallery, were chosen for the nanocomposites preparation. The dispersion of the silicate layers in the APES hybrids was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tensile properties and the biodegradability of the APES/organoclay nanocomposites were also studied. APES/Cloisite 30B hybrids showed higher degree of intercalation than APES/Cloisite 10A hybrids due to the strong hydrogen bonding interaction between APES and hydroxyl group in the gallery of Cloisite 30B silicate layers. This leads to higher tensile properties and lower biodegradability for APES/Cloisite 30B hybrids than for the APES/Cloisite 10A hybrids. 相似文献
Polypropylene nanocomposites containing organophilic layered silicate were prepared by melt mixing. In order to increase polypropylene polarity, Cl and SO2Cl groups were introduced by reaction with sulfuryl chloride under UV irradiation. Chlorosulfonated polypropylene was subsequently melt-compounded with organophilized montmorillonite clay to produce a masterbatch. The masterbatch was then blended with commercial isotactic polypropylene. An organophilized silicate (Cloisite 15A) and three chlorosulfonated polypropylenes with different degrees of functionalization were used in this study. The effect of various processing procedures was examined as well. The morphology of nanocomposites obtained was examined using TEM and X-ray diffraction. It has been shown that the presence of polar groups leads to an increased gallery distance and partial exfoliation. Nevertheless, full exfoliation of clay platelets has not been achieved. The observed morphologies affected the resulting tensile mechanical behaviour: both stiffness and strength significantly increased. 相似文献