中国CO2煤层储存容量初步评价

地下储存是降低大气中CO2含量以缓解温室效应的有效措施之一.其中煤层储存可有效地减少CO2排放量,同时增加煤层气可开采量,降低CO2地下储存的成本.煤层储存CO2是将CO2吸附在煤基质中,具有安全可靠的特点.中国煤层分布广泛,煤炭资源储量丰富,是CO2地下储存的首选措施.根据中国煤炭和煤层气勘探资料,不同性质煤的储量分布及CO2与CH4置换比例,对中国主要含煤层气区深度300～1 500 m范围内的煤层CO2储存潜力进行初步评价.结果表明,利用注CO2增采煤层气技术可使中国总的煤层气可采量达1.632×1012m3,可储存约120.78×108t CO2,相当于2002年全国CO2排放量的3.6倍.     

纳米光催化材料消除空气中低浓度甲醛的实验研究

通过与活性碳纤维吸附性能的对比,分析了纳米光催化材料消除甲醛的性能。实验研究了甲醛初始体积分数、TiO2质量分数和外界条件（温度、相对湿度和气流速度）对光催化性能的影响。实验结果表明,纳米光催化材料比单纯的活性碳纤维对甲醛的消除性能有一定程度的提高;单因素影响下温度对光催化性能影响较大;多因素交互作用下温度和甲醛的初始体积分数对光催化性能的影响较大。     

变电吸附在捕获烟气中CO2的应用

介绍了变电吸附的原理和特点,分析了变电吸附过程的影响参数(原料气的流速、电流/电压强度、能源强度和预热时间),阐述了变电吸附在CO2捕获方面的进展情况,提出了变电吸附未来的研究方向。     

加速碳酸化钢渣免烧砖工程性能的研究

碳酸化是一种很有潜力的二氧化碳隔离储存技术。CO2矿物碳酸化固定可实现CO2的永久封存,环境风险性小,通过对钢渣进行碳酸化养护处理,主要分析和讨论碳酸化钢渣免烧砖具有优异的强度和安定性的原因及免烧砖破坏的机理。     

活性碳纤维

日本的Osaka Gas公司和Unitika公司在世界上首次从煤焦油中生产出了活性碳纤维。这种活性碳纤维的吸附速度和解吸速度快子粒状活性碳,活性碳纤维的另一个特点是具有较大的比表面积。这次研究成功的活性碳纤维是这两家公司合作的结果,在生产中采用了Osaka Gas公司的沥青热处理技术     

碳纤维电化学表面处理对碳纤维水泥砂浆力学性能的影晌

通过比较不同电解液电化学氧化表面处理后的碳纤维水泥砂浆的抗折、抗压强度,优化选出最佳电解液为10%浓度的(NH4)2CO3溶液.XPS分析表明,阳极氧化能增加碳纤维表面的化学活性和物理活性.碳纤维随阳极电位的升高,表面氧碳比(0/C)增加,同时表面处理对碳纤维表面产生了刻蚀作用,当阳极电位超过3V时,纤维的力学性能开始下降.     

碳纤维电化学表面处理对碳纤维水泥砂浆力学性能的影响

通过比较不同电解液电化学氧化表面处理后的碳纤维水泥砂浆的抗折、抗压强度，优化选出最佳电解液为10％浓度的（NH4）2CO3溶液。XPS分析表明，阳极氧化能增加碳纤维表面的化学活性和物理活性。碳纤维随阳极电位的升高，表面氧碳比（0／C）增加，同时表面处理对碳纤维表面产生了刻蚀作用，当阳极电位超过3V时，纤维的力学性能开始下降。     

江苏省煤基CO_2捕集与地质储存重点实验室

<正>江苏省煤基CO2捕集与地质储存重点实验室是2010年依托中国矿业大学建设,实验室学术委员会主任为岑可法院士,实验室主任为刘炯天院士。实验室围绕燃煤CO2的分离提纯以及CO2在地质环境储存的重大地质科学与工程技术问题.开展CO2捕集材料、CO2-ECBM理论与技术、CO2封存环境模拟与评价及CO2处置环境监测等方而的研兄现拥有面积近3000平米研只场所.配备有ISO GCMS     

中国深部咸水含水层CO2储存优先区域选择

CO2地下储存可有效地减少人类活动排放到大气中的CO2量,从而缓解日趋严重的全球气候变化问题.沉积盆地地下深部存在体积巨大的咸水含水层,咸水不宜开发利用,可用来储存大量的CO2.为了选出一些将来可优先利用的储存分区并进行详细研究,在收集大量地质、水文地质、石油勘探等资料的基础上,将中国大陆地区24个主要沉积盆地分为70个储存分区,利用溶解度法计算了各储存分区地下1～3 km深度内咸水含水层的CO2储存容量.根据分区内及其周边CO2集中排放量,对各分区进行了分级评价.研究结果表明,中国咸水含水层CO2储存容量达1.435 05×1011t,约为2003年中国大陆地区CO2排放量的40.5倍.华北平原大部,四川盆地北部、东部和南部,准葛尔盆地东南部都是将来优先考虑的CO2含水层储存地区.东南沿海和华南大部,应考虑利用近海沉积盆地内的咸水含水层储存CO2.     

沸石对气体混合物吸附分离性能的分子模拟研究

采用分子模拟的方法研究了21种具有不同拓扑结构的沸石对二氧化碳/甲烷、二氧化碳/氮气两个混合体系的分离能力。通过研究这些沸石结构和性质得到沸石吸附选择性与材料结构参数之间的关联关系。结果表明:对于所研究的两个混合体系,沸石均优先吸附二氧化碳,即二氧化碳的吸附量远大于甲烷和氮气的吸附量。为了定量描述沸石结构-性质之间的关系,尝试将沸石的吸附选择性与材料常用的结构参数(如两个气体组分无限稀释状态下的吸附热差、孔体积、孔率和比表面积)进行关联,发现沸石材料的选择性与常用的单一的材料结构参数没有好的关联,但沸石的吸附选择性与吸附度关联较好。该结果可应用到沸石的分离以及沸石材料预筛选的评价中。     

Carbon dioxide capture and geological storage: research,development and application in Australia

Projections of world energy demand indicate increasing use of fossil fuels, especially coal. Because of this there is interest in using carbon dioxide capture and storage technologies as a mitigation option, particularly in Australia because of its dependency on fossil fuels for electricity generation. Research in Australia into capture options includes post-combustion capture (PCC), integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) and oxyfuels combustion. Separation technologies being investigated in Australia include solvent absorption, membranes, adsorption and cryogenics, with particular emphasis on bringing down costs. Australia appears to have abundant geological storage capacity, particularly in saline formations and to a much lesser extent in depleted oil and gas fields. Storage in coal systems has potential but more research and development is needed. Australia has the opportunity to use low-emission hubs in order to bring down costs. A major study of this concept for the Latrobe Valley of Victoria, based on 50 million tonnes per annum of CO2 emissions, is encouraging. A key concept for taking CO2 capture and geological storage forward is demonstration and commercial deployment. Australian projects are proposed for PCC and oxyfuels combustion. A significant geological storage project has started in the Otway Basin, with CO2 injection scheduled to commence in mid-2007. The coal-to-liquids Monash Project could involve up to 10 million tonnes CO2 per annum, with injection into the offshore Gippsland Basin. The most advanced commercial project is the LNG Gorgon Project, comprising about 3 million tonnes per annum. Through current R&D momentum and the likelihood of a number of major commercial-scale projects, Australia could become an early mover in the application of carbon dioxide capture and geological storage.     

Filtration characterisation and specific surface area measurement of activated sludge by Rhodamine B adsorption

Rhodamine B adsorption was used to measure the specific surface area of activated sludge. The surface area occupied by the Rhodamine B molecule was calibrated by measuring its adsorption onto polyvinyl chloride (PVC) granules. The area occupied was found to be dependent on pH and conductivity of the solution. To verify the measurements other uniform materials were used. The surface area of wood flour and an activated carbon were measured with satisfactory results. Micropores (<2 nm) are excluded from the determination. As a representation of a uniform biological suspension yeast was used. The surface area measured by Rhodamine B was compared with a surface area calculated from a number based size distribution. The results showed that it was possible to measure the specific surface area of a biological material with the method described. The specific surface area of activated sludge and specific resistance to filtration was measured as a function of anaerobic storage time, and were found to increase during anaerobic storage. Visual observations attributed the increase of specific resistance to the development of the sludge flocs into smaller structures.     

The effects of dissolved natural organic matter on the adsorption of synthetic organic chemicals by activated carbons and carbon nanotubes

Understanding the influence of natural organic matter (NOM) on synthetic organic contaminant (SOC) adsorption by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is important for assessing the environmental implications of accidental CNT release and spill to natural waters, and their potential use as adsorbents in engineered systems. In this study, adsorption of two SOCs by three single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), one multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT), a microporous activated carbon fiber (ACF) [i.e., ACF10] and a bimodal porous granular activated carbon (GAC) [i.e., HD4000] was compared in the presence and absence of NOM. The NOM effect was found to depend strongly on the pore size distribution of carbons. Minimal NOM effect occurred on the macroporous MWNT, whereas severe NOM effects were observed on the microporous HD4000 and ACF10. Although the single-solute adsorption capacities of the SWNTs were much lower than those of HD4000, in the presence of NOM the SWNTs exhibited adsorption capacities similar to those of HD4000. Therefore, if released into natural waters, SWNTs can behave like an activated carbon, and will be able to adsorb, carry, and transfer SOCs to other systems. However, from an engineering application perspective, CNTs did not exhibit a major advantage, in terms of adsorption capacities, over the GAC and ACF. The NOM effect was also found to depend on molecular properties of SOCs. NOM competition was more severe on the adsorption of 2-phenylphenol, a nonplanar and hydrophilic SOC, than phenanthrene, a planar and hydrophobic SOC, tested in this study. In terms of surface chemistry, both adsorption affinity to SOCs and NOM effect on SOC adsorption were enhanced with increasing hydrophobicity of the SWNTs.     

异养硝化菌强化饱和基质材料降解水体氨氮的研究

将优势菌技术运用于饱和基质材料中,考察基质材料对水中氨氮的吸附特性以及微生物原位强化饱和基质材料后对氨氮的降解效果。试验结果表明,沸石对氨氮的吸附量高于活性炭。对氨氮含量为110mg／L的模拟富营养化水体进行360h动态吸附后,沸石和活性炭吸附后出水中氨氮平均含量分别为73．3l和89．18mg／L,沸石显示出作为基质材料的优越性。对饱和基质材料进行异养硝化茵强化96h后,沸石柱和活性炭柱出水氨氮平均含量分别降低8．58和17．31mg／L,并且活性炭和沸石表面形成稳定的生物膜。因此,对富营养水体在基质吸附基础上进行微生物降解的方法是可行的。     

The adsorption of nicotine from aqueous solutions on different zeolite structures

The present work is focused on the adsorption of nicotine from aqueous solutions. Based on the data available in the literature, serious concern is claimed regarding the appearance of nicotine in ground, surface and municipal wastewaters. In order to investigate the possibility of abatement by adsorption, three different types of zeolites (BEA, MFI and HEU) have been applied as adsorbents. In addition, the adsorption was performed on activated carbon, a solid customarily used for removal of pollutants from water. The adsorption of nicotine was studied by isothermal microcalorimetry, which provided the heats evolved as a result of adsorption. The values of these heats revealed that the investigated solids are energetically heterogeneous for the adsorption of nicotine from aqueous solution. Additionally, the amounts of adsorbed pollutant were determined and presented in the form of adsorption isotherms. The obtained adsorption isotherms were interpreted using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips equations; the latter was found to express high level of agreement with experimental data of nicotine adsorption on the investigated solids. The possibilities to regenerate the adsorbents were examined by means of thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry. From all obtained results, it was possible to distinguish zeolite BEA as a material which possesses the capacity for adsorption of nicotine comparable to that of activated carbon.     

两种碳基材料对二级出水中有机物的去除特性

针对活性炭与活性焦两种碳基吸附材料,分别开展静态吸附与动态过滤实验,考察了两者对城镇再生水厂二级出水中有机物的去除效果。结果表明:活性焦介孔及大孔丰富,对应孔体积为0.436 cm³/g,为活性炭的1.6倍;准二级动力学模型更适用于两种材料对COD的吸附动力学拟合,活性焦动力学吸附速率常数k₂为活性炭的2倍;水温为22℃时,活性焦与活性炭对COD的Langmuir饱和吸附量分别为230.38、94.14 mg/g。在近4个月的连续运行中,活性焦滤柱对有机物的去除效果全程优于活性炭滤柱,尽管两滤柱在由单纯吸附向生物吸附降解转化的过程中对有机物的去除率有所降低,但对COD的去除率仍可分别稳定在28.43%和22.26%。活性焦颗粒与活性炭颗粒表面ATP含量最高分别为7032.94、5753.52 ng/g。此外,活性焦滤柱对1~10 ku有机物组分,以及腐殖酸类物质、溶解性微生物代谢产物等不同荧光特性有机物均有较好的去除效果。与活性炭相比,活性焦对再生水厂二级出水中有机物的去除效果更优。     

Branched pore kinetic model analysis of geosmin adsorption on super-powdered activated carbon

Super-powdered activated carbon (S-PAC) is activated carbon of much finer particle size than powdered activated carbon (PAC). Geosmin is a naturally occurring taste and odor compound that impairs aesthetic quality in drinking water. Experiments on geosmin adsorption on S-PAC and PAC were conducted, and the results using adsorption kinetic models were analyzed. PAC pulverization, which produced the S-PAC, did not change geosmin adsorption capacity, and geosmin adsorption capacities did not differ between S-PAC and PAC. Geosmin adsorption kinetics, however, were much higher on S-PAC than on PAC. A solution to the branched pore kinetic model (BPKM) was developed, and experimental adsorption kinetic data were analyzed by BPKM and by a homogeneous surface diffusion model (HSDM). The HSDM describing the adsorption behavior of geosmin required different surface diffusivity values for S-PAC and PAC, which indicated a decrease in surface diffusivity apparently associated with activated carbon particle size. The BPKM, consisting of macropore diffusion followed by mass transfer from macropore to micropore, successfully described the batch adsorption kinetics on S-PAC and PAC with the same set of model parameter values, including surface diffusivity. The BPKM simulation clearly showed geosmin removal was improved as activated carbon particle size decreased. The simulation also implied that the rate-determining step in overall mass transfer shifted from intraparticle radial diffusion in macropores to local mass transfer from macropore to micropore. Sensitivity analysis showed that adsorptive removal of geosmin improved with decrease in activated carbon particle size down to 1 μm, but further particle size reduction produced little improvement.     

Risk assessment of CO_2 injection processes and storage in carboniferous formations:a review

Over the last decades,people from almost all over the world have realized that it is necessary to quickly develop strategies for the control and reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions.Among various GHGs,carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most abundant GHG.Its underground storage involves less risk and lower levels of dangerousness.The paper briefly describes the most effective technologies available in the market for background processes to storage (capture and transport) CO2,as well as the more secure solu...     

Adsorption of tri- and tetra-chloroethylene from aqueous solutions on activated carbon fibers

Recently the contamination of groundwater by trichloroethylene and related compounds have become a new environmental problem. As the first step to clarify the feasibility of applying newly developed adsorbent, activated carbon fiber (ACF), to adsorption treatments of water taken from such a contaminated groundwater source, the adsorption equilibrium and the adsorption rate of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene from aqueous solutions on four ACFs with different pore-size distribution were investigated. The adsorption capacities of ACFs having larger volume of micropores are larger than those of granular activated carbons (GACs) usually used at present. Also, the adsorption rate on ACFs is far more rapid in comparison with GAC adsorption because of smaller diffusion path.