大跨度空间结构健康监测应用研究

重点介绍大跨度结构健康监测用传感器系统的应用和研究现状。提出大跨度空间结构健康监测的方法与原理,并结合工程实例对各种监测方法进行说明。分别对钢构件、索、膜面应力情况和焊接裂纹进行监测,并得出相应监测结果。最后研究了大跨度钢结构的风荷载效应监测、风压和风振监测。介绍相关的传感器原理技术和工程应用,并提出有待研究的若干问题。     

钢结构焊接裂纹监测技术研究与应用

介绍了结构健康监测系统对于建筑物的必要性和其基本构成;介绍了结构裂缝和钢结构裂纹产生的主要原因及钢结构裂纹监测的主要方法。重点阐述了上海中心钢结构焊接裂纹监测项目的基本情况、测点布置、传感器工作原理等,并分析监测数据得到监测的成果。     

工程结构健康监测在结构施工过程中的应用浅析

近年来,随着大型钢结构的广泛应用,钢结构施工过程中的事故也在不断增加,从而促使了钢结构施工过程中健康监测技术的大力应用及发展。结构健康监测,是指对工程结构实施损伤检测和识别。本文简要介绍了健康监测在桥梁结构及大跨度空间网架结构中的应用、发展、施工过程中健康监测主要流程以及健康监测系统的建立。     

大跨度钢结构网架健康监测的探讨

介绍了大跨度钢结构网架健康监测的原理、过程及意义，阐述了国内结构健康监测技术的应用现状，详细说明了健康监测的技术路线及实施方案。     

钢结构失稳监测方法和失稳监控部件研究

为了预防钢结构发生灾难性失稳破坏,根据结构失稳与结构响应或特征参数之间的关系,将目前应用于结构健康监测和损伤诊断的方法扩展到钢结构失稳监测领域;评述并归纳了基于应变和位移变化趋势、基于振动-失稳相关性、基于薄壳体积改变率、基于失稳先兆的钢结构失稳监测方法;进一步对3种钢结构失稳监控部件进行了概念设计,包括钢套管压力监控、节点塌陷监控、坦拱和扁壳跃越失稳监控;总结了各种监测方法的特点和存在的问题。     

国家体育馆安全监测系统研究

国家体育馆屋盖结构为双向张弦网格结构体系.为保证屋盖结构在奥运期间和今后正常使用期间安全服役,在屋盖结构系统中引入了永久健康监测系统.该监测系统包括监测仪器、数据采集系统和数据分析与处理软件三部分,可以随时对屋盖结构的受力性能、变形状态进行监测.此外,介绍健康监测系统性能,包括稳定性、抗干扰性和远程监控.并分析钢结构变形、索力和应力监测结果.监测结果表明国家体育馆健康监测系统技术先进,稳定可靠.     

基于海量点云的钢结构形变分析

常规的钢结构健康监测方法效率低,不能满足钢结构形变分析的要求。三维激光扫描技术具有采集速度快、点位精度高等技术优势使其适用于钢结构的形变分析中。本文采用三维激光扫描仪通过分段闭合扫描路线采集特高压南阳变电站海量点云数据,并详细介绍了海量变电站点云数据的去躁、配准、重建过程,实现了变电站整体数字化重建。同时,根据挠度分析法讨论了站内钢架结构的挠度偏移,基于坐标分量中误差评价了钢架结构的健康程度,实现了变电站钢架结构的挠度形变分析。     

港珠澳大桥珠海口岸钢结构健康监测方案

本文介绍大跨度空间结构体系是港珠澳大桥珠海口岸钢结构的重要建筑外观特征,与海边环境融洽,令人印象深刻。大跨度空间结构体系形成狭风口,使得结构风效应更加复杂。施工监测为钢结构施工过程提供力学数据支撑,确保整个钢结构施工过程的安全。鉴于本工程的重要性和工程的复杂程度,应进行施工过程的健康监测及运营过程的健康监测。     

某高铁站台大跨度空间钢结构健康监测及其预警系统研究

为建立海口高铁东站站台大跨度空间钢结构雨棚的运营阶段健康监测及其预警系统,首先利用SAP2000软件分析了共89个工况下该结构的静力和动力特征。根据分析结果,总结了该类型结构的监测点布置关键原则,研究并建立了一套包括关键杆件应变、结构振动和变形,以及温度和风场等环境因素的健康监测系统。提出了根据构件类型进行预警的方法,并以理论最不利工况响应值及设计规范限值作为预警阈值的设立依据,建立了三个级别的应变预警阈值;同时,设定了结构变形和风速的预警阈值。最后,在Revit中进行二次开发,建立包含预警系统的三维图形可视化监测插件。研究方法和成果可为同类型既有结构运营阶段健康监测系统的设计提供参考。     

媒体头条概览

<正>《施工技术》03/2009空间结构健康监测与预警技术提出适用于大跨度空间结构特点的健康监测及预警系统的组成内容。针对大跨度空间结构大规模、大面积空间布局、静态应力和形变为主、材料性质以钢材为主的特点,从理论、硬件、软件三方面分别介绍大跨度空间结构在复杂     

Health monitoring of flexural steel structures based on distributed fibre optic sensors

In our previous study, a distributed long-gauge fibre optic sensing system (with the ability to obtain effective average strain, or macro-strain, distributions) for practical adaptation in civil structural health monitoring was developed and verified. The present paper is devoted to proposing an integrated health monitoring scheme for elastic beam-like structures, where flexure dominates structural responses, based on static testing and measurements using the developed sensors. A series of experimental investigations on steel beams with different levels of damage are first carried out. The static strain measurements from distributed sensors are characterised and some concerns on the data processing and feature extraction are discussed. On the basis of the extracted features, structural health monitoring (SHM) investigations are deployed in three parts: damage identification with no requirement for a structural analytical model, parametric estimation based on finite element (FE) models, and evaluation of structural global behaviour. By comparing to traditional transducers such as linear variable displacement transducers (LVDTs) and foil ‘point’ strain gauges, the ability and ascendancy of the sensors developed here for SHM purposes are verified. A comprehensive health monitoring strategy for steel flexural structures based on the distributed strain sensors array is proposed finally.     

Smart structure technologies for civil infrastructures in Korea: recent research and applications

In this paper, recent research and application activities on smart structure technologies for civil infrastructures in Korea are briefly introduced. The development of structural health monitoring systems and effective retrofit/maintenance methodologies for infrastructures has become active in Korea since the mid-1990s, as the number of the deteriorated infrastructures, mostly built on the rapidly industrialised period of the 1970s, has increased very rapidly. Discussions are made on smart sensors and non-destructive technologies, monitoring and damage assessment methods for civil infrastructures, smart monitoring of geo-systems, structural control and centre-based research on smart structure technologies.     

Detektion und Lokalisierung von strukturellen Schäden mit Hilfe von geführten Wellen

Detection and localization of structural damages by means of guided waves. The procedure presented serves for an automatic large‐area monitoring of steel structures by means of non‐destructive testing. Piezoceramic members are applied as a cluster to the structure under observation. These elements are used both as sensors and as actuators and initiate guided wave propagation in the structure. Damages are detected by the changed structural response. Beside other methods of signal processing the principle of beamforming is used with the sensor signals. The example of a 6 mm steel plate shows the sensitivity of the developed procedure for damage detection.     

现有铁路钢桥应变监测系统评估

现有铁路线中旧式钢桥所用的是目前已不再使用的材料,常常会出现老化问题,使用中常遇到与设计荷载完全不同的荷载情况。因此,应变监测是保障结构性能和进行安全评估的重要工具。介绍并讨论了安装在Trezói大桥的应变监测装置系统,用该系统评估铁路钢桥结构。采用两种不同的传感器(电子传感器和光纤传感器)进行结构性能的现场观测。所设计的电子监控系统安装在桥梁上,为研究项目提供试验数据,光纤光学显示器系统用于评估系统的可靠性以确保其安全,并对试验点的测量值进行筛选。对结果进行分析,描述桥梁特性和性能,讨论两种传感器在获得桥梁使用情况和疲劳评估相关数据方面的局限性,也即关注其精确采集结构的静态与动态响应及频率的能力。     

利用少量传感器信息与人工智能的桥梁结构安全监测新方法

分析了当前结构安全监测在工程应用中存在的诸多问题和挑战,提出应发展利用少量传感器信息及基于大数据与人工智能的安全监测新方法,来克服现有系统传感器繁多、造价昂贵、海量数据难以处理的问题。介绍了单测点信息的多维相空间方法和单传感器信息的重构相空间方法;在基于双传感器信息的移动互相关函数法基础上,提出了基于双传感器信息的移动传递熵方法;阐述了基于少量传感器信息的移动主成分分析法的物理意义及其工程应用的适用性和可行性。利用单传感器方法和移动主成分分析法,以及小波包能量法、二次协方差矩阵法对虎门大桥进行长达5年的安全监测。阐述了基于深度学习的结构安全监测人工智能方法及其发展概况,分析了基于结构动力学信息的深度学习方法及其巨大的应用潜力。在此基础上进一步思考了基于少量传感器和人工智能相结合的方法在结构安全监测应用中的发展思路。结果表明:单传感器信息的重构相空间方法更适用于实际工程;基于双传感器信息的移动互相关函数法和移动传递熵方法均能精确定位损伤;移动主成分分析法最适用于实际工程的实时监测。     

Evaluation of a strain monitoring system for existing steel railway bridges

The old steel bridges that integrate the existing railway lines are structures built with materials that are no longer used and whose knowledge has being lost over the years, often presenting severe problems of deterioration and subjected to loading environments very different from those for which they were designed. In this context, adequate strain monitoring is a crucial tool in supporting the behavior characterization and safety assessment of these structures.This article presents and discusses the monitoring systems installed in the Trezói Bridge, within a research project aimed at developing and applying procedures for evaluation of the structural integrity of steel railway bridges. The field observations of the structural behavior were accomplished by using two different types of sensors: electric and fiber optic strain sensors. The electric monitoring system was designed and installed on the bridge to supply the experimental data for the research project, while the fiber optic monitoring system was firstly applied to evaluate the reliability of the former and to check its efficiency, and secondly to provide some redundancy of the measurements at critical locations. The obtained results are analyzed to characterize the bridge behavior and the capabilities and limitations of both types of sensors to acquire the relevant data for the bridge service condition and fatigue assessment are discussed, namely in what concerns the ability to accurately capture the static and dynamic components of the structural response and the frequency content of interest.     

广州亚运会主场馆大跨度悬挑顶篷主体钢结构施工技术

广州亚运会主场馆顶篷钢结构为悬挑68m的空间组合管桁架结构体系,对其主体钢结构施工技术进行研究和解析.首先根据现场情况对工程施工情况进行了总体策划,通过结合工程本身结构特性、施工现场的特点,合理划分施工区域、选取合理的施工方法以及施工机具,解决了看台钢结构吊装施工和屋面顶篷钢结构安装问题,取得了良好的效果.     

《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》修订简介

简要介绍了《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》新增和修订的内容。主要包括：荷载和地震作用；结构计算分析原则；框架结构、剪力墙结构、框架－剪力墙结构、筒体结构、钢和混凝土混合结构以及复杂结构的设计原则等。     

Structural assessment of current steel design models for transmission and telecommunication towers

The usual methods of structural analysis involved in the design of steel telecommunication and transmission towers tend to assume a simple truss behaviour where all the steel element connections are considered hinged. Despite this fact, the most commonly used tower geometries possess structural mechanisms that could compromise the assumed structural behaviour. A possible explanation for the structure stability is related to the actual behaviour being close to semi-rigid connections instead of the assumed hinged connections. This paper proposes an alternative structural analysis modelling strategy for the steel tower design considering all the actual structural forces and moments combining three-dimensional beam and truss finite elements. Comparisons of the two above-mentioned design methods with a third method based on the use of spatial beam finite elements to model the main structure and the bracing system on two actually built steel telecommunication towers (40 and 75 m high steel towers) are described. The comparison is based on an extensive parametric study of the tower geometry in order to access the structural tower ultimate and serviceability limit states.