浅析开展持久性有机污染物统计工作的对策及建议

持久性有机污染物(POPs)是一种具备长期残留性的高毒性污染物,对人类健康和环境危害极大。为全面、准确地掌握全国POPs的排放源及其排放变化趋势,我国开展了持久性有机污染物统计报表工作。主要分析了我国POPs统计工作现状、成效与存在的不足之处,并在此基础上,提出了加强我国POPs统计工作的对策与建议。     

废气中二噁英监测技术浅析

二噁英(PCDD/Fs)是《斯德哥尔摩公约》的首批持久性有机污染物(POPs),城市垃圾焚烧是其重要排放源。人类暴露于二噁英可能导致严重的生殖和发育问题,由于其致癌和致突变的特性,二噁英的排放对人类健康的威胁而引起了公众的广泛关注。而快速准确的二噁英监测则是当前重要的研究热点之一。本文论述了3种改善的监测方法,包括长期釆样监测技术、生物监测技术、在线监测技术,并由此展望未来二噁英监测技术的发展方向。     

机械化学方法在环境污染控制领域的应用研究进展

机械化学方法发展迅速,应用广泛,是环境污染治理领域的重要技术之一,其在持久性有机污染物（POPs）降解方面展现出良好的前景。与其他处理方法相比,机械化学方法反应彻底、溶剂需求量少、反应条件简单、处理成本低且几乎不产生二次污染等优势吸引了越来越多研究人员的关注。本文介绍了机械化学的起源以及机械化学作用于物料过程的等离子模型以及表面化学断键产生自由电子、晶体缺陷促进反应等作用机制,综述了机械化学方法在环境污染控制领域如污染物降解与处置以及废弃物回收等方面的成果,重点从主添加剂类别、氯代持久性有机污染物和其他持久性有机污染物方面阐述了机械化学方法在POPs治理方面的研究现状,总结了POPs在机械化学作用过程的反应机理,指出了目前研究工作的不足,为推广机械化学处理POPs及其污染土壤指明了研究方向。     

福建省重点行业二噁英类POPs污染现状及减排对策

为完成《国家"十二五"POPs污染防治规划》的减排目标,保障人民健康,加强环境风险防范,福建省环保部门发挥职能,深入调查,开展为期5个年度的二噁英类POPs统计工作,并采取有效的措施,达到重点行业二噁英排放强度减少10%以上的目标。本文介绍了福建省2011-2015年度二噁英类POPs排放源、排放量、排放强度的统计情况、减排措施的落实情况等工作,并提出下一步工作的建议。     

POPs的解释

近讯,《斯德哥尔摩公约》新增POPs,持久性有机污染物（POPs）是一类具有环境持久性、生物累积性、长距离迁移能力和高生物毒性的特殊污染物。二嗯英是其中最具代表性的有毒化学污染物。为限制并彻底消除持久性有机污染物,2001年114个国家和地区在瑞士斯德哥尔摩签署了《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》,     

中国杀虫剂类POPs废物处置技术选择

持久性有机污染物(POPs)的巨大危害和淘汰、消减的必要性已经成为国际社会共识.为了控制危险物质(包括危险废物)不适当的处置、非法投弃和闲置的废弃场地所造成的环境污染,发达国家建立并逐渐完善相关法律体系,对POPs废物从发现到最终修复的全过程给予了明确的法律规范.重点研究中国杀虫剂类POPs废物处置技术选择要求、技术应用现状分析,最后形成杀虫剂类POPs废物处置技术短名单,为我国杀虫剂类POPs废物处置的技术选择提供依据.     

POPs公约的解读

介绍了POPs公约的签约背景和目的,以及实施方式。分析了持久性有机污染物的特点和POPs公约的受控物质。通过对POPs公约的解读,指出要从根本上保护人类健康和环境生态免受持久性有机污染物的危害。     

我国如期实现POPs履约目标

5月17日。在北京举行的5·17杀虫剂类持久性有机污染物（POPs）淘汰宣传活动中，环境保护部副部长张力军宣布，从5月17日起，我国全面停止滴滴涕、氯丹、灭蚁灵和六氯苯等杀虫剂类POPs的生产、流通、使用和进出口，如期实现了《我国履行〈关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约〉国家实施计划》阶段性履约目标。     

持久性有机污染物现状及处理方法的研究

持久性有机污染物(POPs)是一类具有环境持久性、生物累积性、长距离迁移能力和高生物毒性的特殊污染物.本文介绍了持久性有机污染物的定义,来源,特性.概述持久性有机污染物在我国的污染现状,并探讨我国持久性有机污染物处理方法的研究进展.     

我国力攻POPs控制与削减关键技术

为实现国家中长期科技发展纲要提出的控制与削减持久性有机污染物（POPs）目标,11月28日,中国科学院资源环境科学与技术局开始面向社会征集“十一五”国家科技支撑计划——持久性有机污染物控制与削减的关键技术研究与示范重点项目的课题承担单位。该项目将针对我国履行斯德哥尔摩公约以及POPs减排面临的重大技术挑战,开展POPs污染控制技术的研发和示范。     

Dioxine – Eine Aufgabe für die Umwelttechnik

Dioxins – Task for Environmental Engineering Two decades of the environmental history of dioxins, i.e. of PCCDs and PCDFs, are examined, with the main emphasis being placed on developments in Germany. After a brief consideration of the important, environmentally relevant properties of dioxins, interest is focussed on the course of the Seveso incident of 1976. The environmental effects of dioxins observed in Seveso received global publicity. In the following years our knowledge of the analysis and toxicology of this group of substances greatly improved and the production of dioxins in the aromatics sector of the chemical industry was drastically reduced. In the 1980s, discussions concentrated on the formation of dioxins in waste incineration. The results obtained during this period led to the present situation in which waste incineration is no longer a significant source of dioxin emission in Germany. The greatest known source of dioxins in Germany is in the metallurgical industry. By the year 2000 this dioxin source will also have been largely eliminated.     

Enhanced BTX Production in Refineries with Sulfur Dioxide Oxidation by Thermal Integrated Model

More stringent environmental regulations as well as limitations of traditional energy sources lead to the development of innovative techniques to supply the required energy of different industries. Multifunctional autothermal reactors as a novel strategy in process integration technology have been introduced as a response to this requirement. The catalytic naphtha reforming process is one of the main processes in the refinery industries which demand several sources of energy to manage the existing reactions. Also, oxidization of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide as a highly exothermic reaction is one of the typical solutions to reduce and control this greenhouse gas in various industries. According to the main aims of process integration and by considering environmental regulations, a novel thermal integration model is proposed. The results demonstrate the aromatic upgrading and high conversion of sulfur dioxide in this model.     

解决我国二(口恶)英污染问题的进展与策略

二噁英是一种毒性极强的特殊有机化合物。介绍了二噁英类物质对人体健康的影响以及我国二噁英类物质的排放情况,对二噁英的污染源进行了分析,指出要解决我国二噁英的污染问题应该立即开展对污染源的调查;完善监测系统;利用循环经济的原理从源头进行治理;加强对环境医学的研究;加强对二噁英类物质降解过程的基础研究。     

环境中剧毒物二噁英类化合物的影响与对策

近年来,由垃圾焚烧释放出的二wu英类化合物已成为人们关注的社会问题,人们迫切地要求有效地抑制,消除二 wu英类化合物的产生,本文介绍了二wu英类化合物来源,性质,生成途径及危害,着重讨论了超临界水氧化法分解处理二wu英类化合物的技术,为分解二wu英类化合物另辟了一条新的思路。     

A loss control management system for the petrochemical industry

This study was performed to develop a system that can be used to manage safety and environmental issues efficiently in the petrochemical industry. The main objective of this study is to reduce loss in petrochemical industries using a loss control system (LCMCI; The Loss Control Management System for Continuous Improvement of the Petrochemical Industry), which can be used to improve safety and environmental management continuously in the petrochemical industries. To prevent loss by accident in this study, firstly, causes of accidents were analyzed according to frequency and severity of accidents that have occurred in domestic petrochemical industries for 30 years. Secondly, the requirements of several kinds of systems (PSM, RC, OHSAS18001, ISO14001, etc.) which were applied mandatorily/optionally in petrochemical industries were analyzed and, also, the merits/demerits of each system were compared. Thirdly, the best practices which were recommended basically as a loss control management system in the world were modified in accordance with the situation of domestic petrochemical industries. Lastly, the requirements of loss management were defined in accordance with a management structure and then LCMCI was developed by using distribution of scores as result of this study.     

二噁英在垃圾焚烧过程中的产生与控制

介绍了二噁英在焚烧过程中的产生机理及对环境的危害,提出了垃圾焚烧过程中二噁英的有效控制方法。     

On Vehicle VOC and NOx Emissions from the Standpoint of the Tropospheric Ozone Problem

Ozone is formed in and downwind of urban areas from urban emissions of NO_x and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sunlight. The main sources of VOCs in polluted air are motor vehicles, industrial solvents, processes in the petroleum and chemical industries, and vegetation. The main NO_x sources are stationary-source fuel combustion (mainly electric utilities) and motor vehicles. Recent studies have demonstrated that VOC emissions from motor vehicles have been seriously underestimated, and this may well explain why ambient O₃ has not responded well to control efforts. This review presents an overview of the sources, formation, and potential abatement strategies for O₃ pollution in the troposphere, with particular emphasis on the mobile source contribution to O₃ formation.     

Contribution to solving the problem of dioxins generated during waste incineration

The production of dioxins/furans during waste incineration, and particularly the development of measures for minimizing the amount of generated pollutants, continue to command a considerable scientific as well public interest. Experiments are reported which were performed at the TAMARA municipal solid waste pilot incineration, erected on the premises of the karlsruhe Nuclear Research Centre. These experiments show that the solid waste mass flow rate and moisture content influence the dioxin/furan formation, Good removal efficiencies of dioxins/furans have been In wet cleaning. Hydrogen peroxide added to the crude gas is an interesting “killer” reagent for dioxins/furans.     

Leachate treatment by the reverse osmosis system

The DT-Module system for landfill leachate treatment installed at Yachiyo Town in the Kanto District of Japan was put into service in April 1999. The system, which is equipped with a disc-tube type reverse osmosis (RO) membrane module called the DT-Module, has been operating satisfactorily for more than two and a half years, producing very-high-quality product water, after treating very-high-salinity water with high-scaling ions. On the other hand, in Japan, the dioxin problem has become increasingly severe, and development work for dioxin removal incorporated in leachate treatment has also been requested. The DT-Module system showed excellent performance in removing dioxins from leachate. For dioxins in sludge from the settling basin and dried salt from the concentrate of the RO system, successful destruction data were obtained by furnace system heating in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere. The removal rate of dioxins by the DT-Module system and the destruction rate by the furnace were both higher than 99.9%. By applying the DT-Module system together with the furnace system, an excellent leachate treatment and a complete dioxin removal and destruction system have become available for leachate from landfills depositing incineration residue-containing dioxins.     

城市垃圾焚烧过程中二噁英的产生与防治

本文简要地介绍二噁英的性质,着重分析了城市垃圾焚烧过程中二噁英的来源及其在焚烧产物中的分配和含量,并在此基础上指出了垃圾焚烧产生二噁英的防治途径。