H/O工艺处理维生素B1生产废水影响因素研究

采用水解酸化-好氧氧化-砂滤串联工艺处理维生素B1制药废水,试验分别考察了pH、温度、滤速、溶解氧以及污泥负荷对整个工艺处理效果的影响.结果表明,原废水BOD/COD约为0.14,属难生物降解废水,经水解酸化处理后,出水BOD/COD可达0.43,可生化性大大提高.维持好氧氧化工段进水COD质量浓度和MLSS的COD负荷分别在3 000mg/L和0.4～0.5 kg/(kg·d)时,系统运行稳定性好,COD去除率均在80.0%以上.     

水解-接触氧化工艺处理印染废水

针对印染废水的水质特点，本文采用水解酸化与接触氧化相结合的生化工艺对废水进行处理。水解酸化和好氧接触设计停留时间均为10h，运行结果表明，水解酸化单元可有效提高废水的可生化性，废水经水解酸化后B／C值可从0．2～0．3提高至0．4左右，有效保证了好氧接触处理效果。根据环保监测结果，COD一般在80mg／L，BOD，在10mg／L以下，COD去除率80％以上，BOD，去除率90％以上。     

悬浮陶粒水解酸化-沉淀工艺预处理农药废水

采用悬浮陶粒水水解酸-沉淀工艺对河南省某农药厂农药废水进行预处理研究。水解酸化池通过污泥接种方式启动,20 d完成挂膜,随后经测定比较确定优化HRT为7 h。在保持HRT为7 h的工况条件下,对COD、BOD_5/COD、色度等指标进行检测。结果表明,COD平均去除率40%,色度平均去除率10.3%,BOD_5/COD可提高至0.3~0.44。水解酸化工艺可有效提高废水可生化性,为后续好氧处理创造了有利条件。     

水解-好氧接触氧化处理炼油废水研究

针对炼油废水可生化性差的特点,采用水解—好氧接触氧化工艺进行处理。结果表明,废水经水解处理后,COD和石油类的去除率分别达到46.5%和67.3%,废水的B/C由进水的27.9%提高到34.4%。不仅废水的污染程度得到了一定的降低,而且其可生化性也得到了较大的改善,再经后续的好氧接触氧化处理使废水的COD、石油类和氨氮等主要指标分别低于115mg/L、6.8mg/L和12.7mg/L,优于国家二级排放标准。     

高氨类废水处理工程调试研究

工程上采用水解-兼氧-好氧生化组合工艺处理哌嗪类高氨废水,评价工艺处理能力及哌嗪废水的处理效果。结果表明,哌嗪类废水可生化性良好,COD、氨氮及总氮均能够得到有效去除。本工程设计工艺适合于处理哌嗪类高氨废水,具有较高应用价值。     

Fenton氧化一生化组合工艺处理仲丁灵废水

根据仲丁灵废水具有高浓度、难生物降解的特点,采用Fenton氧化-水解酸化-好氧组合工艺对该废水进行试验研究。结果表明,废水经Fenton氧化后,废水的BOD5/COD值由0．012升高至0．248,经水解酸化、好氧生化工序处理后的出水COD〈100mg·L^-1,符合污水综合排放标准（GB8978-1996）一级排放标准。     

吹脱-厌氧-好氧串联工艺处理化学合成制药废水

含有氯霉素,抗茵素增效剂和磺胺新诺明的合成制药废水对生物处理有较强的抑制作用.研究表明,通过对厌氧菌和好氧菌的驯化,筛选和复配采用吹脱-厌氧-好氧串联工艺可有效降低废水的有机污染指标.经吹脱和厌氧水解酸化处理后,COD去除率为70%,再经好氧生化系统处理,COD去除率可达60%.试验结果表明装置运行效果稳定,为高浓度化学合成制药废水的生物处理提供了设计依据.     

物化-生化组合工艺处理三元驱采出水中试研究

对采用气浮—酵母菌生物膜法—水解酸化—好氧—砂滤—超滤组合工艺处理三元驱采出水进行中试研究,考察了该套以生物法为核心的处理工艺的除油效果、降黏效果、以及提高废水可生化性的作用等。结果表明:废水经酵母菌生物膜法处理之后,B/C由小于0.1提高至0.23,p H由9降至8,黏度由5.3 m Pa·s降至3.3 m Pa·s;水解酸化段出水B/C由0.23提高到了0.35,进一步提高了可生化性;该中试系统对油、COD、SS、黏度的平均去除率分别为99%、90%、99%、80%,出水达到了SY/T 5329—2012中渗透层注水标准。     

己内酰胺废水好氧生物降解及零价铁强化脱氮效能研究

为进一步强化降解己内酰胺废水，采用序批式好氧-水解酸化-好氧（序批式OAO）工艺处理己内酰胺废水，并进一步探究了零价铁强化去除己内酰胺废水中的氮元素。结果表明，相较于序批式水解酸化-好氧（序批式AO）工艺，OAO工艺对废水中己内酰胺、COD及TN的去除率可以分别达到100%、84.9%和28.9%。当在第二好氧段出水后增设好氧段投加零价铁，出水TN去除率提高至50.0%，但对溶解性有机氮（DON）的去除效果提升不显著，出水中的TN以DON为主。鉴于直接好氧处理能有效去除COD和TN，考察好氧条件下驯化活性污泥对已内酰胺的降解效能，发现当初始己内酰胺质量浓度为500 mg/L时，经驯化后的活性污泥仅通过好氧工艺即可全部降解去除己内酰胺，此时投加零价铁，TN去除率提高至78.4%，并可有效去除水中DON。     

Fenton预氧化—SBR处理葡萄酒废水试验研究

葡萄酒废水是一种具有季节波动性的高COD、高色度有机废水,生产旺季时其水质水量的大幅度变化会给正常的好氧生化处理造成不利影响。研究了Fenton试剂预处理工艺对葡萄酒废水的处理效果及其主要控制参数。结果表明,Fenton试剂预处理对COD的去除率最高可达到54%。采用SBR对预处理出水进行好氧处理时,经过15 h的曝气,COD可降至40 mg/L以下,而未经Fenton氧化的废水曝气40 h后COD仍高达105 mg/L。高效液相色谱分析显示,葡萄酒废水的主要成分为乙醇、乙酸和酒石酸,经Fenton处理后,出水只检测到乙酸,显示Fenton预处理可改善原水水质,提高生化处理效果。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。