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传统的单目视觉同步定位与地图创建(MonoSLAM)方法很难处理累积误差问题,如何有效地利用惯性传感器输出的运动信息辅助SLAM系统抑制累积误差是MonoSLAM研究中的一项重要内容.由于惯性传感器输出的三轴方向角中横滚角和俯仰角的精度较高,而偏航角的精度相对较低,如果在SLAM系统中直接使用惯性传感器输出的偏航角信息不但无法有效地抑制该系统中的累积误差,反而会进一步增大系统误差、降低SLAM系统的稳定性.针对这种情况,提出一种基于惯性传感器横滚角和俯仰角的MonoSLAM方法.首先利用惯性传感器输出的横滚角和俯仰角进行系统标定;然后将惯性传感器自身的偏航角作为系统状态向量的一个分量,利用扩展卡尔曼滤波器实时地估计状态向量,进而实现实时鲁棒的同步定位和地图创建.实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地抑制SLAM系统运行过程中产生的累积误差,并降低惯性传感器测量误差对SLAM系统稳定性的影响. 相似文献
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针对小型无人机三维空间内姿态解算的问题,提出了一种仅利用偏振光传感器进行全姿态角的解算方法.利用偏振光传感器测量的偏振方位角,及通过观测位置和观测时间计算得到的太阳方位角,可以求得当前的航向角.利用太阳矢量在导航坐标系和载体坐标系中的投影,通过解算姿态方程解算出当前的俯仰角与横滚角,实现全姿态角的解算.通过仿真实验证明了该方法的有效性,解算出的姿态角误差在1°以内,能够有效地满足小型无人机的需求,为无人机导航提供一种全新的导航方法. 相似文献
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关于飞行姿态角优化问题,由于加速度计的测量值中同时包含了重力加速度和运动加速度信息,并且磁传感器易受铁磁性物质干扰,直接利用加速度计的测量值计算横滚角和俯仰角易产生较大误差,进而在利用磁传感器的测量值计算航向角时也将会引入了误差.为了减小加速度计和磁传感器的姿态解算算法所解算的姿态角误差,提出利用陀螺仪的输出,分别设计了互补滤波器和卡尔曼滤波器(Kalman Filter)对加速度计和磁传感器的输出进行处理,采用VN-100的微惯性测量单元(Micro Inertial Measurement Unit,MIMU)的数据进行MATLAB仿真,并对两种滤波器的滤波效果进行了比较.实验结果表明,互补滤波和Kalman滤波均能提高该算法的姿态角精度,并且互补滤波器比Kalman滤波器效率更高,性能更好. 相似文献
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给出了基于弹目GPS信息和弹体姿态信息的位标器框架角预置算法。该算法使用弹体飞行过程中的偏航角、俯仰角、横滚角、GPS信息以及目标的GPS信息,通过适当的坐标变换最终输出框架预置角。挂飞试验结果验证了该算法的有效性。 相似文献
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针对飞控系统俯仰角速率传感器故障情况复杂以及故障检测困难的问题,通过分析飞控系统俯仰角速率传感器的故障种类和故障模式,建立不同情况相关数学模型;依据检测滤波器法检测系统故障的原理,设计飞控系统俯仰角速率传感器故障检测的滤波器;在某飞机处于Ma=0.8,H=50m的飞行状态,利用Matlab和Simulink对飞控系统俯仰角速率传感器故障检测进行仿真验证,仿真表明所建证的飞控系统传感器故障数学模型是正确的,同时表明滤波器检测故障的方法可以高效地检测出飞控系统俯仰角速率传感器的故障. 相似文献
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A novel surface-micromachined non-contact high-angular-speed sensor with total surface area under 4 mm2 was developed using the multi-user MEMS processes (MUMPs), and was integrated with a commercial RF transmitter with carrier
frequency of 433 MHz for wireless signal detection. This piezoresistive sensing system is capable of wirelessly measuring
rotation speeds with sensitivity of ∼2 Hz/rpm/V using 5 V input in the 100–6000 rpm rotation range. Further experimental analyses
showed that a sensor designed with a 13 μg seismic mass has high enough sensitivity to detect angular position of a rotating
disk if the disk rotation axis is tilted away from the vertical direction. Experimental results from simultaneous detection
of angular position and average angular speed for the sensor are reported in this paper.
Received: 5 May 2000/Accepted: 31 August 2000 相似文献
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磁阻传感器在直线位移传感中的应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
HMC1501是一款专门的线位移/角位移传感芯片,属于磁阻传感器,其典型应用方案是用来测量直线位移.改变传感结构,可以将直线位移转化为角位移来测量,理论分析和实验证明,相对于典型方案,将直线位移转化为角位移后进行测量,不仅测量精度高,而且测量范围广,也节省了成本. 相似文献
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旋转系统的角加速度能够反映转轴对各种激励和动态干扰的响应,由此提出了一种基于电磁感应原理的永磁式旋转角加速度传感器。方法是通过永磁体建立恒定磁通,转子对磁通进行切割,存在瞬间角加速度时,传感器的输出绕组经过电磁耦合会产生与角加速度成正比的感生电动势。推导出了传感器的输出特性,并通过实验验证了传感器测量原理的正确性,经过理论分析得到旋转磁场的转速存在波动,是造成旋转系统产生角加速度的主要原因。构建了传感器系统的状态空间模型,对传感器的能控性和能观性进行了分析,并根据李雅普诺夫稳定判据,证明了传感器系统的大范围渐进稳定性。最后将传感器应用于振动转矩的测量并进行了标定,实验结果是该传感器的灵敏度约为39.08 mV/mN.m。 相似文献
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剪切池内旋转锥体的角速度是新型锥板式血液粘度仪的主要信息源,其精度取决于光电传感器和齿形盘.分析了光电传感器的点光源特性和齿形盘的周期性摆动及其加工精度导致的角度误差.针对锥体角速度的单调递减特性、角度误差在单转内的随机性及整个测量过程中呈周期性,采用有理三次样条插值算法对角速度误差进行补偿.实验结果表明:该方法可提高... 相似文献
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A new type of sensor to directly detect angular acceleration is essential for inertial and control technology. The above interest motivates us to propose a novel micro electromechanical system (MEMS) pendulum angular accelerometer with electrostatic actuator feedback. It adopts a proof pendulum with optimized moment of inertia, suspended to dual anchors by a pair of torsion spring beams, as sensing component. A pair of electrodes are designed as differential capacitors to detect the torsional angular of pendulum, then measure input angular acceleration in sensing axis. Another pair of electrodes are designed as electrostatic actuators for feedback control loop. The structure and operating principle of the MEMS angular accelerometer are introduced. Then, the structure kinetics analysis and signal detecting scheme based on differential capacitors are provided in detail, and the sensitivity and resolution of sensor are derived. Compared with the other MEMS angular accelerometers, the proof pendulum with optimized moment of inertia improves sensitivity and resolution of sensor. The electrostatic actuators feedback loop optimizes the dynamic capability and nonlinearity characteristic. The sensor is fabricated by MEMS fabrication technology. The ANSYS simulation and test results prove the validity of the theoretical analyses. The MEMS angular accelerometer can be used in industrial robots and aircraft by further implementing the signal processing electrocircuit. 相似文献
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为了提高无线多媒体传感器网络(WMSNs)区域覆盖率,在传感器节点随机部署后,通过调节传感器节点的感知方向,使节点从感知重叠区域向覆盖盲区转动,提高网络覆盖率。针对现有算法中存在覆盖效率和覆盖率不能统一的问题,提出一种改进的虚拟力覆盖算法(VFARCR),该算法利用传感器节点感知扇形区域质心点间的斥力调节感知方向,且通过传感器节点间的覆盖冗余度的决定方向调整的大小,虚拟力和覆盖冗余度共同控制传感器的转动。仿真实验表明:该算法提高了覆盖效率和覆盖效果,提高了虚拟力覆盖算法的性能。 相似文献
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An optical fiber-based evanescent gaseous ammonia sensor is designed and developed. The sensing dye, bromocresol purple (BCP), is immobilized in the substitutional cladding using sol–gel process. The sensing properties of the optical fiber sensor to gaseous ammonia at room temperature are presented. This newly developed ammonia sensor exhibits good reversibility and repeatability. The effect of different carrier gases, argon, nitrogen, and air on sensing properties of the ammonia sensor is investigated. The sensor with air as carrier gas has the best response time and sensitivity. In order to improve the response time of the optical fiber evanescent ammonia sensor, an elevated ambient temperature is applied and thoroughly investigated. A fast response time of 10 s was obtained at 55.5 °C with the carrier gas of air or argon. These experimental results have demonstrated that a fast response optical fiber evanescent gaseous ammonia sensor can be constructed by applying slightly elevated ambient temperature. 相似文献