《药物化学》实验教学模式改革初探

药物化学是一门实践性很强的课程,实验教学是培养学生科研创新能力的重要环节。教研组针对近几年在实验教学实践遇到的问题,对药化实验教学模式进行了改革,从增强学生安全环保意识、规范常规仪器操作、利用PBL和TBL教学模式协同培养科研思维及开展设计性实验几个方面来进行探索和尝试,通过实践提高了学生的操作能力,增强了学生的科研能力。     

探究性学习在急救医学专业临床技能操作教学中的应用

探究性学习旨在解决传统教学的不足,变学生被动学习为主动学习,初步在急救医学专业临床技能操作教学中构建"探究为基础"的教学模式,建立有利于培养学生实践操作能力和创新能力的培训教学体系,并在此基础上探索出中西医结合专业设计性、综合性培训等探究性学习的教学规律,培养有较强急救操作能力的应用型人才。教学中要注意运用开放式、个性化、分层次的探究性特点,加强案例教学,启迪学生的疑问意识,注重培养学生的科学态度、批判性思维和创新能力,从而实现临床操作技能的高效准确掌握。     

炼油化工虚拟工厂建设与情境教学探索

为满足石油化工行业人才培训需求,融合操作员培训仿真系统、缩小冷模物理仿真技术和半实物仿真技术,我校建设了炼油化工虚拟工厂,并在此基础上探索了以生产过程为导向的情境教学方案：采用＂岗位培训＋车间教学＂的模式组织开展生产实习,使学生在增强专业知识技能的同时体会企业环境和生产管理过程,锻炼合作意识、沟通能力和责任心。     

虚拟仿真实训与化工专业生产实习结合的探索与实践

目前虚拟仿真技术研究多与化工原理实验、化工单元操作、大型仪器仿真等结合,与学生生产实习结合方面研究较少。通过构建“虚实结合”培养模式,打通实践操作与理论学习通道;构建“虚实结合”教学评价体系,对学生理论学习和操作能力进行详细考核,以巩固学生课堂所学理论知识,树立化工生产的工程意识,提高工程素养,培养学生成为“新工科”人才。     

化工仿真实训教学中培养学生能力的策略

化工仿真实训教学课程是一门专业核心课,学习本课程的主要目的是为了让学生更好的理解化工的基本过程和操作方法。更好的熟知化工设备的结构、单元操作的原理、流程、调解。在新课改下,更重视职业教育的动手操作能力,在实际教学过程中,不仅仅要传授理论知识,更应该进行化工实验,仿真实训教学更有利于培养适应中国社会主义现代化需要的人才,全面提高学生的动手操作能力,通过仿真实训教学能够让学生更快掌握化工单元过程及操作方法。提高教学质量,激发学生兴趣。     

关于高职院校化工仿真教学的探讨

随着经济社会的不断发展,市场上化工行业越发发展壮大,因此对化工类高素质技能型人才的需求越来越旺盛。这就对高职院校化工专业类高素质技能人才的培养工作提出了更高的要求。高职院校化工专业的化工仿真教学就是为了培养学生的动手操作能力和化工经验,因此在课堂教学过程中,需要运用虚拟仿真技术对化工类课程特性进行仿真,让学生有一个直观感知。但是在实际的仿真教学中达不到预定的教学效果。本文简单分析高职院校化工仿真教学的整体思路,针对其人才培养现状与问题,探索改革和发展措施,为国内高职化工人才培养提供可以借鉴的模式。     

化学学科核心素养的培养策略

本文对化学核心素养构成进行简单分析,并对学生化学核心素养培养提出几点建议如提高学生实践操作能力,进一步健全学生化学知识体系;培养团队精神,提高学生本身社会交际能力;强化学生探究思维,激发学生创新能力,强化学生思维能力。此外,也应培养学生竞争意识,借此也可于一定程度上调动学生化学学习积极性。作为学生在此种化学学习模式下,也可培养自身化学核心素养,推动学生综合素质发展。     

培养应用型本科人才建设校内实习实训基地

校内实习实训基地建设是培养高素质应用型本科人才的重要保障。结合化工企业的特点及社会和企业对应用型本科人才的需求,我校不断加强校内实习实训基地的建设,使学生置身于化工生产过程中,提高学生的工程意识和动手操作能力,为社会和企业培养了大批高素质应用型本科人才。     

高校有机化学实验教学改革研究与探索

在有机化学实验的教学过程中不仅需要提高学生的动手操作能力,同时也需要调动学生的积极性,引导学生自主学习。另外,通过有机化学实验教学提高学生的创新能力也是培养创新型人才的途径之一;并可以通过有机化学实验培养学生的环保意识,提高学生的综合素质。     

本科院校工业分析人才培养模式的探索与实践

通过对学生学习过程中问题的分析,发现学生普遍缺少工业分析所必需的一些能力,因此探索了以卓越工程师为目标的工业分析人才的培养模式,提出了工业分析的教学应以培养学生的严谨、系统和创新思维、实操能力、风险意识等为根本目标的教学理念。在教学、实验和实践环节入手,整个教育过程中通过一定的教学方法和手段培养学生的相关思维模式和意识。提高了学生学习的积极性,并体验到工业分析的实用性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。