标准化是建立现代造船模式的基础

本文阐述了建立现代造船模式与标准化工作的关系：标准化工作是建立现代造船模式的基础,建立现代造船模式又促进标准化工作的发展。通过工厂建立现代造船模式的实践,说明并验证了建立现代造船模式过程中必须依靠标准化,实现造船工程管理和生产设计的规范化、信息化,也必须首先标准化。     

国内外团体标准化工作浅析

文章概述了标准化改革背景下我国团体标准化工作发展情况,同时分析了ASTM、SAE、ASME、API等国外典型标准化组织情况,对我国团体标准化工作提出了建议,团体标准组织应坚持以市场为主导,按照公开透明、广泛参与、协商一致、规范严密的程序开展团体标准化工作,瞄准高质量品牌化发展、加强标准化支撑与服务、促进科技创新、加快实施应用。     

舞钢宽厚板产品标准化研究与实践

本文研究分析了舞钢宽厚板产品标准化体系的特点、宽厚板产品标准化工作得以深入开展的原因和做好企业产品标准化技术工作的关键,并对进一步开展工作进行了展望.     

加速采用国际标准 促进产品质量提高

本文回顾了几年来冶金机电产品标准化工作开展的情况,较全面地总结了搞好冶金机电产品标准化工作的经验,并对今后如何进一步搞好标准化工作提出了建议。     

力学国际标准化工作最新进展研究

综述了近年来力学国际标准化工作的最新进展情况,介绍了2011年度力学国际标准会议(ISO/TC164)情况,分析了我国力学领域参与国际标准化工作的现状,提出了我国力学领域国际标准化今后工作的目标.     

中国半导体材料标准化工作回顾与展望

详细介绍了我国半导体材料标准化工作的起步和发展状况及其与半导体材料产业的紧密关系 ;论述了我国半导体材料标准化工作与国际SEMI组织的合作和交流 ,以及引进和转换SEMI标准对我国半导体材料产业的影响 ;介绍了我国半导体材料标准化工作的主要内容 ,提出了我国加入WTO后时代 ,半导体材料标准化工作的思路和应对措施。     

株冶标准体系管理模式研究

运用系统工程的科学方法，建立了以技术标准为主体、包括工作标准与管理标准在内的企业标准化系统。健全了企业标准化管理组织结构，明确了标准化工作职责，规范了企业技术标准制定、修订和复审的管理，加强了标准实施的监督检查和标准体系评价的管理。提出了标准化工作发展战略，用标准化手段从生产流程和质量控制两方面规范企业生产活动。计量检测与信息化工作支持标准化创新。     

钢管标准化工作的思考

综观钢管专业领域内的国内、国际现状和发展趋势,重点介绍了钢管专业标准化工作基本情况、作用和主要成绩;对目前标准化工作存在的主要问题及原因进行分析;指出在国内、国际环境下对标准化工作提出的要求;深入探讨钢管专业标准化工作的重点任务、领域及重点项目。     

我国冶金设备标准化工作的现状和发展

标准化是现代化设备制造的重要条件。冶金设备的发展离不开标准化活动的推动。冶金设备标准化工作的现状体现了行业技术发展的水平,而设备的技术发展趋势引导了标准化工作发展的方向。     

企业信息工作标准化初探

介绍了企业信息标准化工作的主要内容和实施信息工作标准化的条件。     

ISO 9000 and the U.S. Construction Industry

ISO 9000, the series of quality management standards issued by the International Organization for Standardization, is being used by organizations involved in construction all over the world. The construction industry in the United States has generally lagged behind other industries and other countries in the acceptance and implementation of ISO 9000 standards. Differing opinions surround the issue of ISO 9000 in the U.S. construction industry; it has received either the support or the criticism of experts, who weigh the effects of ISO 9000 as a matter of real improvements in quality against competitiveness and specific requirements at a domestic and international level. This paper attempts to determine the applicability and effectiveness of ISO 9000 in U.S. construction firms and the barriers that hinder its acceptance. The methodology used consists of a literature review and a survey distributed to a sample of firms that have or have not received ISO 9000 certification. After analyzing the gathered data, it was concluded that ISO 9000 is an appropriate and effective tool for construction firms in the United States, although several obstacles affect its implementation and acceptance among construction organizations.     

以创新思路主导制定重要的钢丝产品国际标准

综述了我国作为ISO／TC17／SC17秘书处主导制定的具有创新思路的钢丝领域国际标准的内容和特点,提出以创新性主导制定技术国际标准,促进国际和国内金属制品工业发展的思路。     

ISO 14000 Environmental Management Standards: Their Relation to Sustainability

The aim of this study was to explore the link between sustainable development and the ISO 14000 Environmental Management Series of Standards, with particular reference to the ISO 14001 standard. In order to do this, it was decided to evaluate the ISO 14000 series in the context of a large engineering facility; namely, the Canadian provincial Crown Corporation of Manitoba Hydro. The ISO 14000 series is in principle an effective system to manage an organization’s self-prescribed environmental goals; however, its main limitations are that it does not require the demonstration of environmental performance and it is sometimes difficult to interpret and apply due to ambiguous language. The paper closes with speculations that despite these shortcomings, the essence of the ISO 14000 series of standards is in sympathy with the notion of sustainability.     

Impacts of Vegetation on the Intraseasonal Oscillation Simulated by the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3)

The influences of vegetation on intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) were examined using the Community Atmosphere Model version 3 (CAM3). Two 15-year numerical experiments were completed: the first was performed with a realistic vegetation distribution (VEG run),and the second was identical to the VEG run except without land vegetation (NOVEG run). Generally speaking, CAM3 was able to reproduce the spatial distribution of the ISO, but the ISO intensity in the simulation was much weaker than that observed in nature: the ISO has a relatively much stronger signal. A comparison of the VEG run with the NOVEG run revealed that the presence of vegetation usually produces a weak ISO. The vegetation effects on ISO intensity were significant over West Africa and South Asia, especially in the summer half-year.Vegetation also plays an important role in modulating ISO propagation. The eastward propagation of the ISO in the VEG run was clearer than that in the NOVEG run over the West African and Maritime Continent regions. The northward propagation of the ISO in the VEG run was more consistent with observation than that in the NOVEG run.     

Expression of insulin-like growth factor-2 can predict the prognosis of human colorectal cancer patients: correlation with tumor progression, proliferative activity and survival

Exercise following exercise-induced dehydration (EID) has been shown to elevate concentrations of plasma norepinephrine (NE) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormones. However, it is not known how intravenous (i.v.) rehydration (Rh) with isotonic (ISO) or hypotonic (HYPO) saline affects these hormone concentrations. It was hypothesized that HYPO, versus ISO, would lead to lower plasma NE and cortisol concentrations ([CORT]) during subsequent exercise following EID due to a decrease in plasma sodium concentration [Na+]. Eight non-heat acclimated men completed three experimental treatments (counterbalanced design) immediately following EID (33 degrees C) to -4% body mass loss. The Rh treatments were i.v. 0.9% NaCl (ISO, 25 ml x kg[-1]), i.v. 0.45% NaCl (HYPO, 25 ml x kg[-1]), and no fluid (NF). After Rh and rest (2 h total), the subjects walked at 53-54 percent of maximal O2 uptake for 45 min at 36 degrees C. After Rh, the following observations were made before/during exercise: percentage change in plasma volume (PV) was lower in NF compared to ISO and HYPO but similar between ISO and HYPO; delta[Na+] was similar between ISO and NF and higher in ISO compared to HYPO; delta plasma NE was higher in NF compared to ISO and HYPO, but similar between ISO and HYPO; delta plasma [CORT] was higher in NF compared to ISO and HYPO and higher in ISO compared to HYPO; rectal temperature was higher in NF compared to ISO and HYPO. These data would suggest that sympathetic nervous activity and [CORT] during exercise, subsequent to EID and Rh, was affected by lower PV (probably through cardiopulmonary baroreflexes) as well as core temperature. Furthermore, [CORT] was affected by delta[Na+] after Rh through an unknown mechanism.     

Is sympathetic neurotransmission in the rat mesentery modulated by prejunctional beta adrenoceptors?

The influence of prejunctional beta adrenoceptors on neurotransmitter overflow from the sympathetic nerve terminals of the normotensive rat mesentery was investigated. The mesenteric vascular bed was isolated and perfused with Krebs-bicarbonate buffer containing phentolamine (10 microM), cocaine (10 microM) and corticosterone (40 microM). Periarterial nerve stimulation (2 Hz, 120 pulses) was performed at 8-min intervals. The influence of isoproterenol (ISO) on the stimulus-induced fractional overflow of norepinephrine (S-I OFLO) was determined by generating concentration-effect curves (0.1-1000 nM, 3- or 6.5-min exposure to each concentration). ISO did not significantly increase S-I OFLO at any concentration. On the contrary, there was a decrease in S-I OFLO at the highest concentration of ISO (1 microM). The time course of the actions of ISO was studied by utilizing single concentrations of ISO (10 nM or 1 microM, 6.5-min exposure). The presence of ISO did not significantly affect S-I OFLO at either concentration. However, S-I OFLO was decreased during stimulation periods after the removal of ISO (1 microM) from the perfusate. This inhibition was significantly attenuated by propranolol (1 microM). Pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (2.8 microM) had no effect on the response to ISO or the inhibition observed after ISO removal. This inhibition remained sensitive to blockade by propranolol. Salbutamol (100 nM, 6.5-min exposure), a preferential beta 2 adrenoceptor agonist, did not facilitate or inhibit S-I OFLO. These data suggest that facilitatory prejunctional beta adrenoceptors are either not present or weakly coupled to their effector system in the normotensive rat mesentery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Molecular genetics of asymmetric cleavage in the early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo

BACKGROUND: Pharmacological control of blood pressure is usually indicated during aortic cross-clamping (AXC). The aim of this study was to analyze the modulation by isoflurane (ISO), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and milrinone (MIL) of the systemic circulatory responses to a standardized infra-renal AXC. METHODS: Chloralose-anaesthetized pigs were exposed to AXC at control (no vasoactive drugs) and during the administration of each of the drugs. RESULTS: During control, AXC increased mean arterial pressure (MAP, 17 +/- 4%) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR, 27 +/- 7%), but induced no significant changes in cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), pulmonary arterial pressures, pulmonary vascular resistance or central venous pressure. Low-dose ISO (0.7%) and investigated doses of SNP and MIL did not significantly alter this response. High-dose ISO (1.4%, attenuated the AXC-induced increase in SVR, but not in MAP. All drugs decreased non-clamp MAP levels. Therefore, with low-dose ISO and with SNP or MIL, peak MAP during AXC was not significantly different from control non-clamp levels (i.e. prior to pharmacological or surgical interventions). High-dose ISO was associated with a MAP during AXC that was below control non-clamp levels. CONCLUSIONS: The objective that during AXC MAP should not exceed control non-clamp levels was achieveable by ISO, SNP or MIL. The modulating actions of the drugs on MAP during AXC were exerted mainly through reductions in non-clamp levels. This systemic hypotension was associated with decreased CO and SVR during ISO, and with decreased SVR and increased HR during SNP and MIL. Attenuation of the AXC-induced increase in SVR was produced only by 1.4% ISO.     

Inotropic and chronotropic responses of the in vivo denervated dog myocardium to dobutamine

The inotropic and chronotropic responses to dobutamine (DBA) and isoprenaline (5ISO) were examined in eight chloralose anaesthetised dogs. Following acute cardiac denervation, heart rate (HR) and contractility (dP/dtmax), measured at a fixed paced atrial rate, were recorded during intravenous infusion of incremental doses of DBA and ISO. Both DBA and ISO elicited increases in HR and dP/dtmax. The increases in dP/dtmax for a one beat per minute increase in HR was 102.0 +/- 10.6 mm Hg/s (1 mm Hg (0 degree C) = 133.322 Pa), during DBA infusion, and 61.5 +/- 8.4 mm Hg/s during ISO infusion. It appeared that the relatively greater inotropic effect of DBA in comparison with ISO was the result of an augmentation of its inotropic activity. DBA infusion was accompanied by a significant increase in mean aortic pressure at all doses examined. An increase in afterload may account for part of the increased inotropic responses to DBA.     

Innovation Diffusion Modeling in the Construction Industry

The innovation diffusion modeling approach proposes that the diffusion of an innovation in an industry is mainly driven by internal and external influence factors. But the innovation diffusion models used in previous research studies conducted in the construction management literature are excessively restrictive. This research uses a more flexible model called the nonuniform influence (NUI) model to study the diffusion of a technological innovation, namely, computer aided design (CAD) technology in the Turkish architectural design practice; and an administrative innovation, namely, ISO 9000 certification in the Turkish precast concrete industry. The research findings point out that the NUI model performs significantly better than previously used models and that internal rather than external influence plays a predominant role in the diffusion of both types of innovation. The research findings provide additional insights into the diffusion of CAD technology and ISO 9000 certification which could not be captured by the previously used diffusion models. They show that internal influence on the diffusion of CAD technology increases with passage of time and that internal influence on the diffusion ISO 9000 certification decreases with passage of time. The research has academic importance because it addresses the limitations of previous innovation diffusion research and provides quantitative insights into the diffusion of innovations; knowledge that is lacking in the construction management literature. The research is of practical importance because it provides useful observations that architecture/engineering/construction firms can use to understand the presence of imitative behavior in the innovation diffusion process and the role of innovation characteristics in imitative behavior.     

加大承担国际标准化技术委员会工作力度提高我国国际标准化地位

总结了冶金工业信息标准研究院自1978年以来组织冶金企业、科研院所代表中国参与国际标准化活动的历程、成绩和经验.陈述了参与国际标准化活动所采取的重要举措从采用国际标准入手,推动企业实质性参与国际标准化活动,在国际标准中反应中国的利益;积极承担国际标准化技术委员会秘书处,掌握制定国际标准的主动权,将我国优势标准转化为国际标准;加大承担国际秘书处力度,保证秘书处工作水准和可持续发展,为我国国际标准化地位的提高作出更大的贡献.