Carrier-grade ethernet:etherpath protection vs. ethertunnel protection

Ethernet is a success story in local area networks. Efforts to extend its boundaries beyond LAN to the carriers' backbone networks are in progress. We study the problem of designing reliable and cost-efficient high-rate (100 Gb/s) carrier-grade Ethernet. Reliability is considered for application at one of two levels: Etherpath protection (where an Etherpath is a lightpath established by Ethernet interfaces) or Ethertunnel protection (where an Ethertunnel is an Ethernet connection). We develop the protection algorithms for the two cases, and study the trade-offs in their impact on network cost and implementation complexity. We consider practical settings for the envisioned next-generation carrier-grade Ethernet networks with the following characteristics: high-rate (up to 100 Gb/s) Etherpaths constrained by the signal's maximum all-optical transmission range before which 3R signal regeneration is required, and an Ethernet network with mixed line rates. Our algorithms, tested on a 17-node German study network, lead to the following findings: ETP is more resource-efficient than EPP, but EPP incurs less implementation complexity than ETP.     

Ethernet as a carrier grade technology: developments and innovations

Recent innovations in Ethernet networking technology are enhancing both the scalability and capability of Ethernet as a carrier-grade transport technology. This article explains four main innovations recently added to Ethernet, improvements related to scalability, OAM functionality, and enhanced forwarding capability in order to permit Ethernet to assume a much larger role in carrier networks with substantial economic and operational benefits.     

基于网络处理器的以太网OAM设计

为了实现电信级的、高可靠的以太网,需要以太网支持运行、管理维护(OAM)功能。而网络处理器(NP)由于具有处理速度快、编程能力强的特点,在目前主要的电信设备制造商中得到了大量的应用。因此,通过网络处理器实现以太网OAM功能是一种十分迫切的要求。在此,首先介绍了以太网OAM的相关标准、消息格式,然后对NP的工作原理和功能特点进行了介绍,最后给出了一种基于NP的以太网OAM功能的实现方法。     

Trends in the U.S. communications equipment market: a Wall Street perspective

After years of decline, we exit 2005 predicting that U.S. telco capital expenditures (capex) spending could approach double-digit year-over-year growth in 2005 with spending into 2006 focused on broadband access, wireless, and (later) carrier-grade Ethernet initiatives. This article provides a Wall Street analyst's perspective on select trends in the communications equipment market, with a view toward what the future might hold for the telecommunications industry.     

A Novel Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment Algorithm for Multi-Services EPONs

1IntroductionIt seems that providing broadband services is thesaver of telecom industry. Long-haul and Metro corenetworks are capable of carrying broadband servicessince they have experienced a dramatic i mprovement inbandwidth capacity and efficiency with the advent oftechnologies such as Dense Wave length Division Multi-plexing (DWDM)[1 ~3]and other newtechnologies .Buta clear bottleneckexistsinthe“first mile”of access net-work[4]. Without eli minationthe bandwidth bottlenecksthat exis…     

EPON系统环网保护组网方式

提出可以实现EPON系统业务保护和故障恢复的快速环网方式。在OLT上通过快速以太网环网,在PON口采用主干光纤保护或全保护,在ONU侧通过手拉手保护组网方式,实现整个EPON系统的冗余保护。此保护方式达到了保护时间小于50 ms的电信级要求,而且具有算法简单、拓扑收敛速度快,业务恢复时间快等显著优势。EPON系统网络拓扑,采用此种组网方式能有效地提高以太网环网的可靠性和稳定性,实现较好的业务保护效果。     

Optical Network Design for a Multiline-Rate Carrier-Grade Ethernet Under Transmission-Range Constraints

Ethernet is a success story in local area networks (LAN). Efforts for extending its boundaries beyond LAN to the carriers' backbone networks are in progress. We study the problem of designing reliable and cost-efficient high-rate (100 Gbit/s) carrier-grade Ethernet in a multiline-rate optical network under signal transmission-range constraints. Reliability is achieved using shared-path protection at the connection level (Ethernet tunnel in this study). We construct an auxiliary graph, called mixed topology (MT), using which it is possible to: 1) identify traffic grooming possibilities; 2) select a path which requires the minimum amount of 3R regeneration; and 3) effectively choose the data rate of the channel to be established. Our algorithms, tested on the 17-node German network, resulted in lower network cost and higher resource utilization compared with other schemes.     

Evolution to a Converged Layer 1, 2 in a Global-Scale, Native Ethernet Over WDM-Based Optical Networking Architecture

There is an emerging wide interest to transition from legacy WAN transport technologies to Ethernet-based technology. The current round of carrier Ethernet standards will successfully equip service providers (SPs) with the required tools to provide carrier-grade scalability and to provision and engineer connection-oriented point-to-point (P2P) packet trunks across a native Ethernet infrastructure. Building on these standards, this paper demonstrates how to support and implement full traffic engineering in a global-scale, two-tiered native Ethernet-over-WDM optical networking architecture. To achieve these objectives, several networking innovations are presented and developed including: 1) a GMPLS-based unified control plane that offers a tighter integration between layer-1 (optical transport layer) and layer-2 (Ethernet layer), 2) a fully distributed integrated routing and signaling framework for dynamically provisioning Ethernet switched paths (ESPs) at any bandwidth granularity including both full wavelength and finer granularity (sub-lambda) ESPs in an integrated Ethernet-optical networking environment, and 3) a novel notion of an integrated link-state advertisements strategy that is consistent with a fully integrated routing and signaling protocol     

WLAN电信级运营方案

无线城市的兴起,得益于无线数据业务需求的爆发式增长、Wi—Fi技术及终端的成熟、城市信息化的强烈需求、无线业务模型的逐渐清晰。无线城市通过2G／3G／4G及WLAN的共同发展,可以为用户提供适用于不同场景的接入技术。其中,WLAN作为一种成熟技术,因其低成本、高效率、易部署等得到全球不同运营商的重视和大量部署,并在教育、金融、交通、政府、医疗公共服务等领域获得了长足发展。作为无线城市运营中网络、平台和应用3个环节中的一环,WLAN作为电信级运营还缺乏经验。本文结合H3CWLAN电信级解决方案,详细探讨了大网化、平台化的WLAN运营架构的设计和实践方法,为运营商搭建无线城市网络提供借鉴。     

Business communications standardization in ETSI

Enterprise networks are in the process of a major and rapid evolution toward IP. At the same time, the 3GPP IP multimedia subsystem is gaining momentum in the telecom industry as the target architecture for delivering and controlling multimedia services in carrier-grade IPbased networks. As a logical consequence, standards are emerging that enable the support of business trunking and hosted enterprise services using the IMS. This article provides insight into the benefits of this approach and takes an in-depth look at related ETSI standards.     

万兆以太网协议体系结构的研究及其应用

介绍了万兆以太网的协议体系结构及其物理拓扑结构。万兆以太网在极大地增加网络带宽的同时，仍遵循原有的802．3协议体系结构，能与已有的10M／100M／1000M以太网兼容，扩展性强，并尽可能地保护原有的在网络管理与维护、研究与开发等方面的投资。万兆以太网以其简单、快速、性价比高的特点，在局域网、城域网乃至广域网中都将会有广泛的应用，并能实现将以传送语音为主的网络与以传送数据为主的网络平滑无缝地统一起来，实现全网统一化，因此具有广阔的发展前景。     

以太专线网络建设模式和选择策略研究

从以太专线网络建设模式及演进出发,结合PTN、PON、MPLSVPN等新技术的发展,探讨全业务运营环境下运营商开展大客户以太专线网络建设的新模式,通过新模式与传统MSTP、MSAP、PDH三种接入方式在可靠性、可管理性、可持续发展性及建设运行成本方面的分析,提出针对不同客户需求的选择策略建议,最后对我国当前以太专线网络建设需注意的问题给出简要结论。     

以太网交换机技术

随着宽带网络技术的发展，以以太网为宽带接入方式逐渐成为主流，以太网交换机成为网络技术中一个重要和热点的领域。本文主要介绍了以太网交换机的基本原理，内部结构，交换方式以及将来的发展趋势。     

电信级高可用冗余管理设计分析

关于电信级高可用冗余管理(RM)设计分析,解释了企业领域和电信领域对设备普遍提出的高可用性要求,论述了电信级设备高可用性RM的总体设计,提出了若干需要解决的核心问题,详细阐述了用于解决这些问题的关键技术和设计方法。部署在软交换(SS)设备上进行呼叫测试,通过对设计结果的分析,证明了该设计的可用性和先进性。     

The evolution of carrier ethernet services-requirements and deployment case studies [next-generation carrier ethernet]

Carrier Ethernet is one of the fastest growing areas in the data communication field in recent years. In particular, the combination of MPLS core transport technologies in conjunction with IEEE 802.1ah in aggregation is one of the most interesting recent developments in the Carrier Ethernet evolution. This article provides a brief overview of the Ethernet technologies and requirements from the perspective of the service provider. We use three deployment case studies to illustrate the use of different technologies and discuss network design considerations. We identify the important factors influencing network design decisions and the future work in building Carrier Ethernet networks and services.     

打造电信级的全业务运营支撑系统

在可靠性提升、网络化发展、业务技术的标准化建设、支撑全业务运营、可控可管能力增强等方面，讨论了打造电信级BSS的相关问题，表达了相应的认识和观点。     

Optical Ethernet: making Ethernet carrier class for professional services

The existing overlaid data network architecture deployed by most service providers has shown its shortcomings in supporting professional business services due to its complexity and high cost. This paper introduces a new optical transport technology that is based on Ethernet but integrates all the required features to consolidate multiple layers below the IP layer in the existing architecture into one, thus simplifying the architecture and significantly reducing the cost both in network buildout and in network operations. The paper provides the technical details on how the limitations of traditional Ethernet are overcome and how Ethernet becomes carrier class. It also introduces the new services enabled by carrier-class Ethernet and analyzes the impact of it on Internet evolution.     

Broadband access over cable for next-generation services: a distributed switch architecture

The hybrid fiber coax architecture deployed by the cable service providers has been successful in capturing a substantial piece of the residential broadband access market. In the United States over five million homes connect to the Internet using DOCSIS cable modems. We describe an evolution path to enhance the HFC plant to provide, initially, Gigabit Ethernet (and eventually multi-Gigabit Ethernet) on the trunk and feeder portions, and 100 Mb/s Ethernet on the subscriber drops. This next-generation HFC network will enable cable service providers to address the vast and underserved small and medium-sized business market, as well as offer emerging applications and services to the residential market.     

Ethernet data plane evolution for provider networks [next-generation carrier ethernet transport technologies]

This article provides an overview of the evolution of the Ethernet data plane. In particular, it focuses on the emergence of features that have made Ethernet an attractive infrastructure technology option for carriers and network providers. These include the development of data plane maintenance protocols (OAM), and scaling enhancements, initially in the form of VLANs, then VLAN stacking (802.lad), and more recently complete recursion of headers (802.lah). The complete recursion of headers has led to the ability to decouple the infrastructure data plane from traditional bridging behavior while preserving other desirable attributes, leading to new approaches to operating Ethernet networks such as PBB-TE.     

基于对象的高可用性系统控制实现机制

高可用性是电信系统的重要特征。文章分析高可用性系统控制的一般特征,并探讨其开发设计过程,进而提出一种基于对象的高可用性系统控制模型的实现机制。