低渗透砂岩油藏油水相对渗透率曲线特征

摘要方法综合分析我国十余个低渗透油藏的毛管压力曲线和相对渗透率曲线,Ｊ（Ｓｗ）函数及Ｗｙｌｉｅ和Ｇａｒｄｎｅｒ公式,求出不同渗透率油藏的理论相对渗透率曲线。目的总结低渗透砂岩油藏油水相对渗透率曲线特征,为其开发提供理论依据。结果低渗透油藏中孔隙度、束缚水饱和度、残余油饱和度及共渗点与储层渗透率有一定的关系,即随着渗透率的增大,孔隙度、束缚水饱和度增大,残余油饱和度减小,油水两相共渗区的范围变窄。结论低渗透砂岩油藏的油水相对渗透率曲线具有一定的特征,即随着含水饱和度的增加,油相相对渗透率急剧下降,水相相对渗透率变化不大。利用本文所采用的方法可为理论模型模拟计算（动态预测和储量计算）提供输入数据     

注水开发油藏油水相对渗透率曲线特征评价

油水相对渗透率曲线是评价油水两相渗流的特征曲线,是油藏工程研究的重要内容。通过大量的岩心驱替实验,在建立油水相对渗透率计算模型的基础上,运用函数的凸凹性将相渗曲线划分为水相凹型、水相凸型、水相直线型3类。评价了相渗曲线类型与储层物性、共渗点、共渗范围、驱替效率、含水率及沉积相之间的关系。分析表明注水开发对相渗曲线变化影响较大,注水可改善水相凹型曲线岩心储层物性、有利于原油开采,而注水对水相凸型曲线岩心储层会产生不利影响。     

Non-Darcy flow in oil accumulation （oil displacing water） and relative permeability and oil saturation characteristics of low-permeability sandstones

Hydrocarbon resources in low-permeability sandstones are very abundant and are extensively distributed. Low-permeability reservoirs show several unique characteristics, including lack of a definite trap boundary or caprock, limited buoyancy effect, complex oil-gas-water distribution, without obvious oil-gas-water interfaces, and relatively low oil (gas) saturation. Based on the simulation experiments of oil accumulation in low-permeability sandstone (oil displacing water), we study the migration and accumulation characteristics of non-Darcy oil flow, and discuss the values and influencing factors of relative permeability which is a key parameter characterizing oil migration and accumulation in low-permeability sandstone. The results indicate that: 1) Oil migration (oil displacing water) in low-permeability sandstone shows non-Darcy percolation characteristics, and there is a threshold pressure gradient during oil migration and accumulation, which has a good negative correlation with permeability and apparent fluidity; 2) With decrease of permeability and apparent fluidity and increase of fluid viscosity, the percolation curve is closer to the pressure gradient axis and the threshold pressure gradient increases. When the apparent fl uidity is more than 1.0, the percolation curve shows modified Darcy flow characteristics, while when the apparent fluidity is less than 1.0, the percolation curve is a “concaveup” non-Darcy percolation curve; 3) Oil-water two-phase relative permeability is affected by core permeability, fluid viscosity, apparent fluidity, and injection drive force; 4) The oil saturation of low-permeability sandstone reservoirs is mostly within 35%-60%, and the oil saturation also has a good positive correlation with the permeability and apparent fluidity.     

大庆F储层孔隙结构特征对油水相渗曲线形态特征的影响

为研究孔隙结构特征对油水相渗曲线的影响,选用大庆F储层59块岩样,在相同的条件下分别进行毛管压力曲线和油水相渗曲线测定。发现根据形态特征的差异,毛管压力曲线和油水相渗曲线均可分为三类,且二者之间具有较好的对应关系。第Ⅰ类毛管压力曲线属于细歪度,孔隙分选差,毛管压力曲线中间平缓段排驱压力均大于1 MPa。对应水相下凹型相渗曲线,在三类曲线中,其束缚水饱和度最大,两相共渗区展幅和水相端点渗透率最小。第Ⅲ类毛管压力曲线属于粗歪度,孔隙分选好,毛管压力曲线中间平缓段排驱压力均小于0.1 MPa。对应水相上凹型相渗曲线,其束缚水饱和度最小,两相共渗区展幅和水相端点渗透率最大。第Ⅱ类毛管压力曲线对应水相下凸型相渗曲线位,所有参数均介于前两类之间。说明同一储层中,孔隙结构特征对油水相渗曲线的形态特征具有重要影响。     

表面活性剂改善稠油油藏水驱开发效果实验研究——以东辛油田深层稠油油藏为例

针对深层稠油油藏原油粘度高、渗流阻力大、常规水驱效果差、水井注入压力高及注入能力低等现状,以东辛油田深层稠油油藏为例,在评价表面活性剂适应性的基础上,通过低界面张力活性体系室内岩心驱替实验,研究了界面张力、渗透率、注入量和注入速度4因素对表面活性剂改善水驱效果的影响。结果表明:使用的表面活性剂与研究区块的注入流体具有很好的配伍性,表现出较好的降低油水界面张力的能力,质量分数为0.01%的表面活性剂溶液与模拟油的界面张力在70℃时最低可达10-2mN/m数量级;一次水驱结束后注入表面活性剂溶液段塞,可降低注入压力,改善水驱开发效果,并且当油水界面张力越低、注入量越大、注入速度越低时,二次水驱降压效果越好,采收率提高幅度越大,降压率最高为18.0%,采收率最大可提高15.7%;在相同实验条件下,当气测渗透率由256.65×10-3μm2降至36.16×10-3μm2,注入0.7倍孔隙体积表面活性剂溶液后,二次水驱降压率由17.1%降至10.0%,采收率提高幅度由15.7%降至11.7%,说明当渗透率较低时,因渗流条件变差,导致表面活性剂改善水驱效果变差。