高强度奥氏体不锈钢的发展

工程应用对奥氏体不锈钢的强度、韧性、低磁性和耐蚀性的要求不断提高。本文综述了高强度奥氏体不锈钢(RP0.2≥400MPa)的发展趋势,以及几种高强度奥氏体钢的化学成分和力学性能。     

AISI316奥氏体不锈钢低温渗碳层的组织及耐蚀性

为了提高奥氏体不锈钢的表面硬度并保持其良好的耐蚀性,采用自主开发的低温渗碳工艺对AISI316奥氏体不锈钢进行渗碳处理。运用金相显微镜和显微硬度计表征了渗碳强化层组织,通过电化学试验检测了渗碳强化层的耐蚀性。结果表明:渗碳温度越高,渗碳强化层表面硬度越高,耐蚀性越差;经过470℃低温渗碳处理的AISI316奥氏体不锈钢表面硬度从原来的300 HV0.25 N增加到800～1 000 HV0.25 N,有效硬化层达36.1μm,而其耐蚀性保持不变。     

新型耐空蚀Cr-Co-Ni-Mn奥氏体不锈钢研究

制备了一种Cr-Co-Ni-Mn含钴奥氏体不锈钢。与304不锈钢比较,研究了其抗空蚀性能,用TEM观察了空蚀试样的组织结构,并测定了该钢种的强度,利用时效处理研究其组织稳定性。结果表明Cr-Co-Ni-Mn含钴奥氏体不锈钢屈服强度、抗拉强度比常用的304不锈钢高,奥氏体组织稳定,空蚀孕育期长,耐空蚀效果好。TEM观察到试样空蚀作用层有ε马氏体组织,这些形变组织有利于吸收应变能,提高材料耐空蚀能力。综合该钢的性能,在耐空蚀领域有潜在的应用前景。     

某核电站安全厂用水系统奥氏体不锈钢仪表管泄漏原因

某核电站安全厂用水系统奥氏体不锈钢仪表管焊缝处发生泄漏.采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、硬度测试、金相检验和扫描电镜分析,分析了该仪表管泄漏的原因.结果表明:该仪表管内壁焊接热影响区形成严重的回火色,即贫铬氧化层,在海水中氯离子的作用下,管道内壁形成点蚀坑,点蚀坑不断扩展,最终贯穿整个管壁,导致仪表管泄漏.     

14MnNbq钢用于焊接桥梁的防断适用性

采用断裂力学的K概念 ,建立了 1 4MnNbq钢用于焊接桥梁的防断适用性判据 ,提出了对应于不同构件类别、不同设计温度和不同韧性级别的极限厚度表 ,并将结果与英国桥规作了对比     

HG70钢的焊接性能

HG70钢是一种高强度低合金机械工程用钢。本文研究了焊缝中扩散氢含量与预热温度的关系。通过焊接热影响区最高硬度试验、小铁研试验 ,评估了HG70钢的裂纹敏感性 ,测定了手工焊接接头的力学性能。结果表明 ,HG70钢具有较低的裂纹敏感性 ,其焊接接头具有优良的力学性能     

奥氏体不锈钢在三种深冷储罐中的应用

本文介绍了子母型储罐、双层球罐、组合储罐各自的特点以及优缺点;结合三种不同结构的储罐,表明了奥氏体不锈钢可以良好用于深冷储罐。最后提出了选型的建议。     

氮势对奥氏体不锈钢离子渗氮性能的影响

对AIS1304奥氏体不锈钢进行了不同氮势的离子渗氮,利用金相显微镜、轮廓仪、摩擦磨损试验机、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计测试了经渗氮处理后试样改性层的截面形貌、微观结构、相组成和力学性能,并与未渗氮的试样进行了比较。结果表明：随着氮势的增加,试样表面的渗层深度、磨损程度、显微硬度呈规律性变化;X射线衍射分析表明：低氮势容易形成S相,高氮势有利于氮化物的形成。     

Laser Shock Processing of an Austenitic Stainless Steel and a Nickel-base Superalloy

An austenitic stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti and a solid solution-strengthened Ni-base superalloy GH30 were shock processed using a Q-switched pulsed Nd-glass laser. Microstructure, hardness and residual stress of the laser shock processed surface were investigated as functions of laser processing parameters. Results show that high density of dislocations and fine deformation twins are produced in the laser shock processed surface layers in both the austenitic stainless steel and the nickel-base superalloy.Extensive strain-induced martensite was also observed in the laser shock processed zone of the austenitic steel. The hardness of the laser shock processed surface was significantly enhanced and compressive stress as high as 400 MPa was produced in the laser shock processed surface.     

感应加热对奥氏体不锈钢弯管组织和性能的影响

采用感应加热技术热煨奥氏体不锈钢弯管,对热煨后弯管的组织、性能及外观进行了分析研究.结果表明感应加热的奥氏体不锈钢弯管不仅可以不进行固溶和消除应力处理,而且具有各部分性能相差小、弯管表面氧化层薄,良好的外观和形状,是其它加工方法无法比拟.     

Microstructure and Property Relationships in Resistance Spot Weld between 7114 Interstitial Free Steel and 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Due to the differences in physical, chemical and mechanical properties of the base metals, the resistance spot welding of dissimilar materials is generally more challenging than that of similar materials. The influence of the primary welding parameters affecting the heat input such as peak current on the morphology, microhardness, and tensile shear load bearing capacity of dissimilar welds between 304 grades austenitic and 7114 grade interstitial free steel has been investigated in this study. The optimum welding parameters producing maximum joint strength were established at a peak current of 9 kA, where the electrode force is kept 6×10-5 Pa and weld time is kept constant 17 cycles, respectively. The primary cause of weakening the weldment is identified as the excessive grain growing region of heat affected zone (HAZ) in case of 7114 grade interstitial free steel.     

Fatigue and Corrosion Fatigue of High-Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel

High nitrogen contents in solid solution as well as appropriate strengthening mechanisms in austenitic stainless steels can result in very high corrosion resistance. This is true in both air environment and in simulated human body fluids (corrosion fatigue). High cycle corrosion fatigue data are listed and compared with similar data for titanium base and cobalt base implant materials. Thus high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels are candidates to replace other stainless steels as implant materials.     

Hydrogen—induced Cracking of Weld Metal of Austenitic Stainless Steels

For 308L and 347L weld metals of austenitc stainless steels(ASS) ,hydrogen induced cracking(HIC) occurred during dynamically charging under costant load.The threshold stress intensity for HIC,KIH,decreased linearly with the logarithm of the concentration of diffusible hydrogen Co in the weld metals and the rolled plate of type 304L ASS.i,e ,KIH=85.2-10.7ln Co(308L),KIH=76.1-9.3ln Co(347L) ,and KIH=91.7-10.0lnCo(304L).The fracture mode for HIC in the three type of ASS changed from ductile to brittle with the decrease in the applied stress intensity Ki or /and the increase in Co .The boundary line between ductile and brittle fracture surfaces was KI-54 25ep(-Co/153)=0.