中国再生铝产业状况及发展趋势

铝具有良好的回收性,是一种可以反复循环使用的金属.自1886年以来,人类所生产的6 9亿吨原铝中,约有4.8亿吨目前仍在使用.目前每年约有1160万吨废铝通过回收再生,满足了全球铝市场总需求的40-50%.中国从50年代开始便已对废杂铝进行回收利用,但其形成产业并长足发展只是近十余年的事.     

中国再生铝工业的回眸与思考

<正>在目前所使用的一切结构金属材料中,铝是可循环利用的最佳金属。自1888年铝的工业化生产以来,全世界共生产约12亿吨原铝,至今仍有80%、约9.6亿吨在为人类文明社会的进步服务。新中国第一个铝厂于1954年投产,当年生产原铝400吨;至2014年,全国原铝产量为20434万吨,2015年仍有85%以上、约17369万吨在地球上为人类服务。1985年至2014年,中国进口废铝2930万吨,熔炼实收率按照83%来计算,可得再生铝为2430万吨。如果不计进出口铝材及铝产品的量,也不计算拆解     

世界再生铝工业风云

对2015年7月至2016年6月全世界再生铝工业主要事态作了简要叙述,主要述评了再生铝厂的改扩建情况,工艺废料、废旧罐、报废汽车铝合金零部件、废杂铝分选及精准循环利用概况。2015年全球再生铝产量约达30 000kt。当下再生铝有三大特点:再生铝品质大为提高,基本上以废铝为原料生产的一些再生铝合金性能与用原铝生产的相当;再生铝是真正的绿色金属,再生铝能耗只是原铝能耗的5%左右,温室气体排放也相应地下降;中国是世界上最大再生铝生产与消费国,2015年中国再生铝产量6 200 kt,2016年可达7 130 kt,英国及日本再生铝产量呈下降趋势,其他国家的都在逐年上升。     

轻装“铝行”——中铝公司全面推动我国铝工业材料轻量化发展战略

<正>"随着我国经济进入机遇与挑战并存的新常态,结构调整和转型升级是企业发展的内生动力,一带一路等国家重大战略不断深入推进是我们拓展的外部空间,以铝为基础推进工业用材轻量化,将是中铝公司实现经济效益与节能环保双赢的重要选择。"中铝公司董事长、党组书记葛红林表示。工业4.0时代,用性能更加优异的工业材料,实现工业领域的轻量化发展,减少化石燃料的燃烧,实现材料的可回收循环利用,是工业发展的大趋势。作为轻质、耐腐、储能、可塑性强、可循环利用的优质金属材料,铝被称为"21世纪的金属"和"会飞的金属",也是推动工业轻量化的主力军。     

话说再生铝

<正> 目前,铝是人类应用的仅次于钢铁的第二大金属,据世界金属统计组织公布的资料,1994年全世界共生产18741.3千吨原铝、6995.5千吨再生铝,共计25736.8千吨。原铝是指电解Al2O3生产的铝,而再生铝则是指从社会上回收的废杂铝经再生处理（复化熔炼）生产的可再次使用的铝。近几年全世界生产的原铝与再生铝如下（千吨）:     

中国人为主导的铝循环分析(英文)

采用铝产品生命周期的铝流程图进行中国人为主导的铝循环分析。人为主导的铝循环主要包括4个阶段:氧化铝及电解铝的生产、铝制品的加工和制造、铝制品的使用和报废铝制品的回收。采用加权平均法确定我国铝制品的平均使用寿命。基于中国2003-2007年的铝循环分析,发现了铝工业发生的一些变化。氧化铝生产阶段的原料自给率从95.42%下降到55.50%,原铝生产阶段的原料自给率从52.45%上升到79.25%,但整个铝工业的原料自给率基本维持在50%左右。在2007年铝工业中,国内自产废铝和进口废铝的使用比例分别占总原料的5.38%和9.40%。在此阶段,净进口各类含铝资源和铝产品生命周期中铝的损失量都是上升的,同时,社会蓄积量中铝的存量及铝的循环量都是增加的。提出了改善铝循环的对策、建议以及中国铝工业的进出口政策和降低铝产品生命周期铝损失量的措施。     

中国再生铝产业状况及发展趋势

铝具有良好的回收性,是一种可以反复循环使用的金属。自1886年以来,人类所生产的6.9亿吨原铝中,约有4.8亿吨目前仍在使用。目前每年约有1160万吨废铝通过回收再生,满足了全球铝市场总需求的40-50%。中国从50年代开始便已对废杂铝进行回收利用,但其形成产业并长足发展只是近十余年的事。在我国经济发达地区,再生铝资源已经得到了最为广泛的应用,并有力提高了中国铝加工制造业的产业竞争力。如浙江及广东经济引领全国经济发展数十年,成为中国最具活力与竞争力的地区,而两个经济强省,也是中国再生铝最为集中的区域。一、中国废杂铝回收、利用及…     

余德辉委员: 加快铝行业绿色低碳循环高质量发展

3月6日,全国政协委员余德辉在接受本刊记者采访时说:"作为世界最大的原铝生产和消费国,加快推进铝行业绿色低碳循环发展,对我国实现碳达峰、碳中和意义重大." 余德辉说,总体上看,我国铝行业特点主要表现在:一是碳排放量大.使用火电生产1吨电解铝约排放二氧化碳11.2吨,2019年,我国火电生产电解铝碳排放量约3.5亿吨,约...     

铝灰回收加工技术综述

<正>前言铝是构建未来的金属,它不仅对汽车轻量化做出贡献,节省燃料、减少污染、利于环保,它还是航天工业的原材料。铝可以被反复回收和再生,铝被广泛用于日常生活项目和包装,迄今为止,全球生产的铝仍有75%还在被使用,今天有几乎600种不同的铝合金被用于各个领域,可以说铝无处不在。2015年全球铝总产量约为57898000吨,产生铝灰为总产量的1.0%到1.5%,铝灰中平均含铝金属为50%,2015年所产生的铝灰中含有铝金属约为2.9万吨。2016年全球再生铝消费总量达到2000万     

铝易拉罐循环保级使用简议

简要论述国内原铝和再生铝的产量、能耗、室温气体排放情况,铝易拉罐废料的分类方法,废旧铝易拉罐各种回收再生工艺的特点,废铝回收企业、罐料生产企业及制罐企业在处理和使用废旧易拉罐料上遇到的问题,并对循环、保级使用废旧易拉罐的方案进行了探讨。     

Aluminum—meeting the challenges of climate change

The aluminum industry, through the International Aluminium Institute (IAI), has developed a number of objectives for improvement in the environmental performance of its production facilities. The IAI measures performance against these objectives on an annual basis. The latest data indicates that the industry, while doubling production since 1990, has reduced its emissions of perfluorocarbon greenhouse gases by almost 80% over the same period. However, the largest potential for emission reduction is through the use of aluminum products in energy-saving applications, such as lightweight vehicles, green buildings, and packaging that protects food and medicines, as well as through the recycling of these products at the end of their useful life.     

闭式凝结水回收装置在铝行业中的应用

闭式凝结水回收装置是铝行业中蒸汽凝结水回收的主要设备,无论是在节能和环境保护方面都发挥了重要的作用。本文介绍了闭式凝结水回收装置的系统,比较以及以实例说明了闭式凝结水回收装置的节能效益。     

Technological, Economic, and Environmental Optimization of Aluminum Recycling

The four strategic directions (referring to the entire life cycle of aluminum) are as follows: production, primary use, recycling, and reuse. Thus, in this work, the following are analyzed and optimized: reducing greenhouse gas emissions from aluminum production, increasing energy efficiency in aluminum production, maximizing used-product collection, recycling, and reusing. According to the energetic balance at the gaseous environment level, the conductive transfer model is also analyzed through the finished elements method. Several principles of modeling and optimization are presented and analyzed: the principle of analogy, the principle of concepts, and the principle of hierarchization. Based on these principles, an original diagram model is designed together with the corresponding logic diagram. This article also presents and analyzes the main benefits of aluminum recycling and reuse. Recycling and reuse of aluminum have the main advantage that it requires only about 5% of energy consumed to produce it from bauxite. The aluminum recycling and production process causes the emission of pollutants such as dioxides and furans, hydrogen chloride, and particulate matter. To control these emissions, aluminum recyclers are required to comply with the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Secondary Aluminum Production. The results of technological, economic, and ecological optimization of aluminum recycling are based on the criteria function’s evaluation in the modeling system.     

自硬砂铸造工艺——低碳时代的最佳选择

介绍了自硬砂铸造工艺的特点,分析了国内铸造自硬砂工艺应用的现状,并提出了几点建议。作者结合多年从事铸造工作的经验认为：我国节能环保的自硬砂新工艺正迎接着铸造节能减排的未来;哥本哈根会议释放出来的信号,让中国铸造界意识到,节能减排、低碳调整是铸造行业技术改造的必经之路。     

对我国铝加工产业升级的几点看法

自2005年以来,我国铝加工产业通过扩大生产规模快速发展,成为产能和产量均居世界第一的铝加工产品生产大国.铝材产品易于回收利用,用于交通运输或建筑领域可节约能源、减少温室气体排放、构造绿色建筑,因此成为环境友好型材料.在更大范围内应用铝材对于造就低碳社会、循环利用的社会及安全环保的社会有非常重要的意义.铝加工产业的优化升级核心应是转变发展方式,以保证产业的可持续发展,重点是产能调整、合理布局、产品结构调整、产业链延伸并采用适用的技术路线等,使铝加工产业本身实现资源节约型的目标,全面打造绿色产业.铝加工产业升级指日可待,但需全行业及行业外同仁一致努力;政府及行业协会应制订淘汰落后工艺、落后产能的强制措施;国家应出台扩大铝加工产品应用的激励政策.     

循环经济对现代铝工业的启示

现代铝工业由原生铝工业和再生铝工业组成。再生铝工业的崛起,将促使现代铝工业按照循环经济模式发展,大大减少对资源、能源的依赖和减轻对环境的压力,促使现代铝工业的重心从原生铝冶炼向铝加工和再生铝工业转移．逐步形成资源可高度循环再生的后现代铝工业的新格局。     

An Industrial Method for Determining the Amount of Organics in Representative Samples of Aluminum Scrap

In recycling plants, especially those specializing in the recycling of low-grade aluminum scrap for wrought aluminum alloys, timely and accurate information about the amount of organics and other impurities in the incoming scrap is an important parameter in achieving both economic benefits and standard metallurgical quality of the recycled metal. To use aluminum scrap combined with organics as a source of aluminum for producing wrought aluminum alloys of standard quality, its metallurgical composition and the content of organic and other impurities should be quickly and cost-effectively analyzed on representative samples. In this work, an industrial thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis of representative scrap samples was developed as an efficient analytical methodology for analyzing the humidity and organic impurities in incoming scrap. When performed in continuous mode, under a flowing atmosphere of argon with 1?wt.% of oxygen, this methodology enables a routine measurement of the humidity, the quantity of organics, and the carbon content in representative samples of incoming scrap in less than 15?min within an accuracy of ±0.5%.     

The recycle of wrought aluminum alloys in Europe

Increasing demand for aluminum-based products and globalization of the aluminum industry have contributed significantly to the higher consumption of aluminum scrap for re-production of wrought aluminum alloys. The recycling of wrought auminum alloys not only fills market demand, but does so economically. It is a well-known fact that recycling wrought aluminum alloys from collected scrap consumes 15 times less energy than producing primary aluminum, and the cost of internal scrap is marginal. This paper examines opportunities for recycling scrap to solve the ongoing problem of raw material shortages for European producers of wrought aluminum alloys.     

Achieving Carbon Neutrality in the Global Aluminum Industry

In the 21st century, sustainability is widely regarded as the new corporate culture, and leading manufacturing companies (Toyota, GE, and Alcoa) and service companies (Google and Federal Express) are striving towards carbon neutrality. The current carbon footprint of the global aluminum industry is estimated at 500 million metric tonnes carbon dioxide equivalent (CO_2eq), representing about 1.7% of global emissions from all sources. For the global aluminum industry, carbon neutrality is defined as a state where the total “in-use” CO_2eq saved from all products in current use, including incremental process efficiency improvements, recycling, and urban mining activities, equals the CO_2eq expended to produce the global output of aluminum. This paper outlines an integrated and quantifiable plan for achieving “carbon neutrality” in the global aluminum industry by advocating five actionable steps: (1) increase use of “green” electrical energy grid by 8%, (2) reduce process energy needs by 16%, (3) deploy 35% of products in “in-use” energy saving applications, (4) divert 6.1 million metric tonnes/year from landfills, and (5) mine 4.5 million metric tonnes/year from aluminum-rich “urban mines.” Since it takes 20 times more energy to make aluminum from bauxite ore than to recycle it from scrap, the global aluminum industry could set a reasonable, self-imposed energy/carbon neutrality goal to incrementally increase the supply of recycled aluminum by at least 1.05 metric tonnes for every tonne of incremental production via primary aluminum smelter capacity. Furthermore, the aluminum industry can and should take a global leadership position by actively developing internationally accepted and approved carbon footprint credit protocols.     

Process of aluminum dross recycling and life cycle assessment for Al-Si alloys and brown fused alumina

In 2008, around 596 000 t of aluminum dross was generated from secondary aluminum industry in China; however, it was not sufficiently recycled yet. Approximately 95% of the Al dross was land filled without innocent treatment. The purpose of this work is to investigate Al dross recycling by environmentally efficient and friendly methods. Two methods of Al dross recycling which could utilize Al dross efficiently were presented. High-quality aluminum-silicon alloys and brown fused alumina (BFA) were produced successfully by recycling Al dross. Then, life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate environmental impact of two methods of Al dross recycling process. The results show that the two methods are reasonable and the average recovery rate of Al dross is up to 98%. As the LCA results indicate, they have some advantages such as less natural resource consumption and pollutant emissions, which efficiently relieves the burden on the environment in electrolytic aluminum and secondary aluminum industry.