建个有“内涵”的企业网站

网络技术的发展为企业展示自己提供了新的方式，企业网站是连接企业与社会公众的窗口和渠道。     

企业信息化三部曲

“我的企业还不至于那么不好啊!你为何总是说三道四呢!”老板早晚会说这种话的，这种话表明了企业的管理水平、人员水平还未达到全面运用信息化的程度。”     

企业信息化整体解决方案及其内涵

本文首先对企业信息化的内涵进行了介绍，对当前企业实施信息化面临的困难进行了分析，给出了企业信息化整体解决方案的定义，在此基础上，提出了企业信息化整体解决方案的层次模型和系统结构，对企业信息化整体解决方案的内涵、主要内容、指导思想与理论方法、集成框架、实施途径等进行了介绍。     

大中型企业信息系统建设策略漫谈

围绕信息系统建设的全过程，简述了三个方面的问题：系统建设战略，主要介绍企业建立信息系统的目标和系统建设的指导思想；开发实施战略，介绍了系统在开发实施过程中的一些做法；系统保障策略，介绍保障系统顺利建成的条件在项目管理方面的一些具体要求。     

对企业信息化建设方法的思考与探究

当前,企业信息化建设俨然已经成为了经济和社会发展的一大趋势,随着计算机网络技术以及通信技术的不断发展和广泛应用,人类进入了信息化时代。信息经济也发展成为了世界经济新的增长点。在我国,这一问题也引起了各行各业的广泛关注,尤其对许多港口企业来说尤为重要。为提高对我国港口企业信息资源管理的认识,本文从现代港口未来的发展趋势出发,找出我国企业信息化建设的不足之处,对企业信息化建设进行整体规划,并进行网络系统规划,对企业信息化管理具体内容进行了探究。     

提升电信企业竞争力之我见

随着电信竞争的加剧，电信企业如何提升竞争力已成为战略性课题。文章探讨了电信企业竞争力的基本概念，从外部环境、制度安排、内部管理、创新能力、市场拓展、国际化等若干方面，提出了提升电信企业竞争力的基本建议。     

技术普惠和还政于民

任何先进的科学技术如果不与广泛而具体的生产力相结合,其价值必定大打折扣,从企业应用层面上看,信息技术在很大程度上仍然是少数人“占有”的技术,它不仅阻碍了它的普及和发展,还延缓了信息化带动工业化的进程。     

让价值观落地生根

《新浪潮》在企业文化案例的采访过程中，发现了很多在文化建设方面独具特色的公司，但同时，也发现了一些公司在这方面存在的问题，我们将这些问题提出来，并请专家提供一定的解决方法，以期对企业的文化建设有所帮助。     

企业信息化与学习型企业的形成

本文对企业信息化的发展历程及发展趋势进行了描述，并重点阐述了企业信息化与学习型企业之间的关系。企业信息化为学习型企业的形成打下了基础，但学刁型企业不是自然形成的，是全体员工共同努力的结果。本文简要介绍了北京市综合投资公司在构建学习型企业方面的初步实践，期望我们的实践能为其他公司学习型企业构建提供一定启示。     

业界信息

SAP２００２年营业额和利润与去年持平德国SAPAG公司于当地时间２００３年１月３０日公布了２００２年全年的结算快报值。２００２年的全年营业额为７４亿欧元（约８０亿８００万美元），与去年全年营业额７３亿欧元（约７８亿９９００万美元）相比增加了１％。而且不含汇兑损失时则增加了６％。纯利润为５亿９００万欧元（约５亿５１００万美元），每股利润为１．６３欧元（约１．７６美元）。去年全年纯利润为５亿８１００万欧元（约６亿２８００万美元），每股利润为１．８５欧元（约２．００美元）。２００２年数控机床行业经济运行…     

A method of defuzzification based on the approach of areas' ratio

The new method of defuzzification of output parameters from the base of fuzzy rules for a Mamdani fuzzy controller is given in the paper. The peculiarity of the method is the usage of the universal equation for the area computation of the geometric shapes. During the realization of fuzzy inference linguistic terms, the structure changes from the triangular into a trapezoidal shape. That is why the universal equation is used. The method is limited and can be used only for the triangular and trapezoidal membership functions. Gaussian functions can also be used while modifying the proposed method. Traditional defuzzification models such as Middle of Maxima − MoM, First of Maxima − FoM, Last of Maxima − LoM, First of Suppport − FoS, Last of Support − LoS, Middle of Support − MoS, Center of Sums − CoS, Model of Height − MoH have a number of systematic errors: curse of dimensionality, partition of unity condition and absence of additivity. The above-mentioned methods can be seen as Center of Gravity − CoG, which has the same errors. These errors lead to the fact that accuracy of fuzzy systems decreases, because during the training root mean square error increases. One of the reasons that provokes the errors is that some of the activated fuzzy rules are excluded from the fuzzy inference. It is also possible to increase the accuracy of the fuzzy system through properties of continuity. The proposed method guarantees fulfilling of the property of continuity, as the intersection point of the adjustment linguistic terms equals 0.5 when a parametrized membership function is used. The causes of errors and a way to delete them are reviewed in the paper. The proposed method excludes errors which are inherent to the traditional and non- traditional models of defuzzification. Comparative analysis of the proposed method of defuzzification with traditional and non-traditional models shows its effectiveness.     

An approach to the synthesis of fuzzy stabilization systems with a priori unknown model of an object

A method of synthesis of fuzzy stabilization systems for a broad class of dynamic objects under the assumption that the mathematical model of the object is not known a priori is proposed. The control is formulated in the form of a proportional law of adjustment as a function of a macro-variable; the square of the Euclidean norm of the phase variables is adopted as the macro-variable. An analogous variable characterizes the distance of the object from the equilibrium position. Despite the simplicity of the control law, its sign remains constant due to the fact that the macro-variable is positive-definite over the entire phase space. The switching times of the signals are determined by fuzzy identification of the system’s dynamic modes on the basis of measurement of the derivatives of the macro-variable.     

Complement of Source Equation of Elastic Line

A new notion of joint, defined in terms of the state of motor (active or locked) and type of the elastic or rigid element, gear and/or link that follows after the motor, is introduced. Special attention is paid to the motion of the flexible links in the robotic configuration. The paper deals with the relationship between the equation of elastic line equilibrium, the “Euler–Bernoulli approach” (EBA), and equation of motion at the point of elastic line tip, the “Lumped-mass approach” (LMA). The Euler–Bernoulli equations (which have for a long time been used in the literature) should be expanded according to the requirements of the motion complexity of elastic robotic systems. The Euler–Bernoulli equation (based on the known laws of dynamics) should be supplemented with all the forces that are participating in the formation of the elasticity moment of the considered mode. This yields the difference in the structure of Euler–Bernoulli equations for each mode. The stiffness matrix is a full matrix. Mathematical model of the actuators also comprises coupling between elasticity forces. Particular integral of Daniel Bernoulli should be supplemented with the stationary character of elastic deformation of any point of the considered mode, caused by the present forces. General form of the elastic line is a direct outcome of the system motion dynamics, and cannot be described by one scalar equation but by three equations for position and three equations for orientation of every point on that elastic line. The choice of reference trajectory is analyzed. Simulation results are shown for a selected robotic example involving the simultaneous presence of elasticity of the gear and of the link (two modes), as well as the environment force dynamics.     

3 Laser transmission joining in microtechnology

The laser is a joining tool which is particularly suitable for the application in microtechnology. The process variant laser transmission joining can be used both for welding thermoplastics and bonding of silicon and glass. The investigations presented in this paper cover detailed examinations of both processes. Concerning laser transmission welding of plastics it is examined how far the content of carbon black in the material influences the formation of the weld seam. It is shown that the optical depth of penetration, the weld seam width as well as the formation of the weld morphology differ with varying content of carbon black. Selective laser radiation bonding (SLB) is a novel method for joining silicon and glass based on the transmission heating of the interface of both joining partners and the thermo-chemical principles of silicon direct bonding. SLB shows advantages in reference to the thermal load of sensitive components like sensors and to the selectivity of the joining geometry. In this study the principle method of SLB and the latest advances like the integration of the thermal process control in the laser processing head will be presented. Also experimental test results of the process with constant laser power and thermal process control and the comparison of them will be shown.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Remote sensing of spring phenology in boreal regions: A free of snow-effect method using NOAA-AVHRR and SPOT-VGT data (1982-2004)

Measurements of spring phenological dates in boreal regions using NDVI can be affected by snowmelt. This impacts the analysis of interannual variations in phenology and the estimates of annual carbon fluxes. For these two objectives, snowmelt effect must be removed from the phenological detection. We propose a methodology for determining the date of onset of greening in the 1982-2004 period using SPOT-VEGETATION (VGT) and NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. From 1998 onwards, the date of onset of greening is taken as the date at which the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), calculated from SPOT-VGT near and short-wave infrared bands, starts increasing. This index decreases with snowmelt but increases with vegetation greening. For the 1982-2001 period, the date of onset of greening is the date at which AVHRR-NDVI equals a pixel specific threshold (PST), determined using the results of the NDWI method in the years common to the two datasets. The methods are validated using in situ measurements of the dates of leaf appearance. RMSE of 6.7 and 7.8 days, respectively, is found using NDWI-VGT and PST-NOAA methodologies, and the difference between the two methodologies in the common years is small. Very importantly, the dates are not biased. The interannual variations of the 23-year spring phenology dataset on the study area in northern Eurasia are analysed. In average over the study area, an advance of 8 days and a delay of 3.6 days are, respectively, found over the periods 1982-1991 and 1993-2004. These results confirm and complete previous studies about the greening trend, remove the uncertainty due to snow, and may improve carbon budget calculations.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).     

Spark平台下聚类算法的性能比较

通过实验,从运行时间、加速比、可扩展性和规模增长性4个方面比较了 Spark平台中3种典型的聚类算法即K-means聚类算法、二分K-means聚类算法和高斯混合聚类算法 的性能。实验结果表明:1)随着节点个数的增加,3种算法对百兆以上规模数据集聚类的运行时间明显减少;2)当数据集规模大于500MB时,3种算法的加速比均有明显提高,且随着节点个数的增加,加速比近似于线性增长;3)3种算法的可扩展性随着节点个数的增加而降低,当数据集规模大于500MB时,相对于K-means和高斯混合算法,二分K-means算法的可扩展性最差;4)当数据集规模大于100MB时,高斯混合算法的规模增长性远高于K-means和二分K-means算法。     

协作机器人的构型分析研究

针对协作机器人的构型分析研究,得出了偏置是影响机器人构型的一个重要因素。首先,对现有典型协作机器人的构型进行分析,通过构型间的内在联系与演化过程得到构型之间的差异。然后利用构型之间的差异引出了偏置的定义,并通过偏置对关节运动范围的影响将其分为S型偏置和Y型偏置。最后以全局性能指标、工作空间体积指标和灵活工作空间指标为性能评价标准,对iiwa、Sawyer、Yumi三种典型构型的性能进行了仿真。通过对比分析可知,偏置的存在使构型的全局性能和工作空间体积性能降低,但对灵活工作空间性能有提高作用。结果表明偏置是影响机器人性能的重要因素,该分析研究为协作机器人的构型设计提供了理论依据。     

Overview of ATM networks: functions and procedures

The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the ATM technique. The basic principles of the ATM transfer technique, the B-ISDN layered protocol reference model, as well as the architecture and the main functions of the ATM network, are described in this tutorial. In particular, we present the main characteristics of the ATM technique, the structure of the ATM cell, the functions which deal with the protection from errored cells (HEC procedure) and the identification of the boundaries of the ATM cells (cell delineation and scrambling). The VP/VC concept is explained in detail, and the main principles and functions of the three lowest layers (Physical, ATM and Adaptation) of the B-ISDN layered protocol reference model are surveyed. The issue of Quality of Service parameters in ATM networks is reviewed, and the problem of the allocation of the network resources in response to user demands, as well as the problems of congestion control, Usage Parameter Control (UPC) and traffic modelling in ATM networks, are assessed. Finally, we present ‘possible’ sets of traffic characterization parameters, and show how possible B-ISDN sources can be modelled according to the basic on-off ATM traffic source model.