Study of Syrian archaeological pottery by the combined application of thermoluminescence (TL) dating, X-ray fluorescence analysis and statistical multivariate analysis

X-ray fluorescence method and the technique of thermoluminescence (TL) dating have been utilized for the study of archaeological pottery fragment samples, fairly representative of the Romanian period between 1st century B.C. and 4th century A.D., from Judaidet Yabous site, which is located north-west of Damascus city, Syria. Four samples were chosen randomly among the 46 samples for dating using thermoluminescence technique and the results were in good agreement with the date assigned by archaeologists. The samples were irradiated for 1000 s live time twice, first using a Mo X-ray Tube and second using a ¹⁰⁹Cd radioactive source. Fifteen elements (K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, and Pb) were determined. The elemental concentrations have been processed using two multivariate statistical methods. The purpose of the study was to characterize by means of element contents of the pottery paste from the Judaidet Yabous archaeological site and to provide new data to the Syrian databases for future studies. From an archaeological point of view the results indicated that most of the potteries were locally produced.     

蒙特卡罗方法在X射线荧光分析中的一些应用

本文给出了荧光过程的蒙特卡罗模拟,着重考虑了几种散射过程对特征X射线强度的影响。对几 种纯元素,计算了单位辐射下特征X射线的强度,与实验值取得了较好的一致。     

放射性同位素X射线荧光分析仪在中条山铜矿的应用

应用放射性同位素X射线荧光分析仪测定各种元素含量在许多文献中均有报道。在这里主要介绍用单道HYX-1型和XY-1型X射线荧光仪测定中条山铜矿粉末样品和巷道岩壁中铜的含量及其取得的经济效益。     

Calculation of depth-dependent elemental concentration with X-ray fluorescence using a layered calibration method

Depth-dependent elemental concentration can be assessed using either multiple-angle or confocal X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements. This work presents a different approach based on a layered calibration method. The depth-dependent elemental concentration was modeled as multiple layers of uniform elemental concentrations. The unknown elemental concentration in each layer can be calculated using a single-angle XRF measurement, layered calibration data, and a priori knowledge of the concentration behavior as a function of depth. The method was verified using a commercial portable X-ray spectrometer and four-layer stacks of polyester resin discs doped with various concentrations of arsenic. This approach is particularly suitable for quantitative in vivo measurements of arsenic and selenium concentrations in the human skin since minimal ionizing radiation exposure constrains the number of XRF measurements.     

蒙特卡罗方法在X荧光无损分析中的应用

探讨了X射线荧光分析(XRF)初测和蒙特卡罗模拟计算相结合的无损定量分析方法,分析了成都市空气飘尘的铅浓度。分析结果表明成都市空气飘尘铅平均质量浓度是1．24μg/m^3,与有关文献报道的用原子吸收光谱仪测定结果(1．80μg/m^3)相比无显著差异;绘制了Si(Li)探测器相对探测效率曲线;讨论了影响探测效率的几个主要因素,并给出了定量估计。     

X-ray scattering in X-ray fluorescence spectra with X-ray tube excitation - Modelling, experiment, and Monte-Carlo simulation

X-ray scattering may contribute significantly to the spectral background of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectra. Based on metrological measurements carried out with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) having attached a well characterised X-ray source (polychromatic X-ray tube) and a calibrated energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) the accuracy of a physical model for X-ray scattering is systematically evaluated for representative samples. The knowledge of the X-ray spectrometer efficiency, but also of the spectrometer response functions makes it possible to define a physical spectral background of XRF spectra. Background subtraction relying on purely mathematical procedures is state-of-the-art. The results produced by the analytical model are at least as reliable as those obtained by Monte-Carlo simulations, even without considering the very challenging contribution of multiple scattering. Special attention has been paid to Compton broadening. Relevant applications of the implementation of the analytical model presented in this paper are the prediction of the limits of detection for particular cases or the determination of the transmission of X-ray polycapillary lenses.     

原位X射线荧光测井井液的影响与校正

本文研究原位X射线荧光测井探测中探测装置与井壁间井液厚度变化对测量结果的影响,通过对测量谱线特征参数的获取提出了一种新的井液校正方法.实验结果表明,这是一种对高含量样品有效、快速、实用的校正方法,校正后目标元素特征X射线峰峰面积与实测没有井液干扰时的峰面积的偏差小于5%.     

同位素源激发X荧光分析微量元素的实验研究

本文所介绍的实验工作主要有三部分。首先是实验条件的选择;其次是用AXIL软件包进行X射线能谱分析;第三部分是标准曲线及其修正,即如何确定内标法中的相对灵敏度因子。     

同步辐射高分辨X射线荧光谱仪及其应用进展

本文简要综述了近几年来国内外利用高分辨大接收角度球面聚焦晶体阵列组成的同步辐射X射线荧光谱仪的发展及其在化学结构分析中的应用情况。重点介绍了高分辨X射线荧光谱仪的基本结构、工作原理及其在材料科学和生命科学中过渡金属元素化学结构分析领域的应用。     

数据融合在现场X射线荧光分析中的应用

现场X射线荧光分析中,在样品测量面形状、湿度、密度和矿物颗粒度等差异对特征X射线照射量率影响的基础上,阐述了数据融合和模块化神经网络的基本思想,结合两者建立描述和校正上述干扰因素的神经网络融合模型、算法及学习方式.以该校正模型对试验数据计算和仿真,将测量面形状、湿度、颗粒度干扰造成的误差降低到小于10%;实验结果表明建立的校正模型有较好精度,基于模块化神经网络的数据融合技术能运用在现场荧光分析的干扰校正中.     

质子激发X射线荧光分析法测定头发、肾和肝中的微量元素

本文使用质子激发X射线荧光分析法(PIXE)测定正常人发、肝和肾组织中的微量元素。详细介绍了样品的采集制备、实验测定和定量方法,并且使用标准参考物质小牛肝(NBS)、马肾(IAEA)和比对粉末发样检查校正测量系统的准确性。报道了三种器官组织中近二十种微量元素的含量,初步探讨了人体自身器官组织中微量元素含量分布之间的相互关系。     

一种适合于教学的X射线荧光钙铁分析仪

介绍了一种适合于核工程与核技术专业实验教学的X射线荧光钙铁分析仪的工作原理与组成。该系统的实验测量结果与用化学分析方法测量的结果进行了比较,两者在 ± 0.7%内一致。     

同步辐射TXRF用于细胞元素谱的初步研究

叙述了同步辐射全反射Ｘ射线荧光分析用于细胞元素谱研究的实验装置和方法，通过猪肝和水标准参考物质的ＴＸＲＦ实验，给出了某些元素的检出限，以此为据给出了每个细胞的平均元素含量，并对实验结果进行了讨论。