预辐射接枝法制备FEP-g-PSSA/AA膜

采用γ射线预辐射接枝方法制备了FEP—g—PSSA／AA膜，反应制得的接枝膜是一种含氟磺酸型质子交换膜。系统研究了影响接枝反应的阻聚剂用量、膜的厚度、单体摩尔比及总摩尔浓度变化等因素。结果表明，丙烯酸（Acrylic acid，AA）与苯乙烯磺酸钠（Sodium styrene sulfonate，SSS）对全氟乙丙烯（Polytetranuoroethyleneco-hexanuoropropylene，FEP）的接枝率几乎不受膜厚度变化的影响，而且全氟乙丙烯（FEP）辐照后放置三个月再进行接枝反应，接枝率也几乎没有变化。     

HDPE预辐照接枝SSS与AA体系的反应动力学研究

采用电子束引发预辐照接枝方法在高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)上接枝丙烯酸(AA)与对苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)两种单体,以制备含磺酸和羧酸基团的双功能基阳离子交换膜。研究发现,接枝速率与辐照剂量、单体总浓度及反应温度密切相关。接枝反应的活化能为22．2kJ／mol。傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)测试表明,接枝膜上引入了磺酸基团和羧酸基团。     

Study of radiation-induced grafting of acrylic acid-sodium styrene sulfonate onto poly （tetrafluoroethylene-cohexafluoropropylene） film

Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) films were immersed in aqueous solution of acrylic acid (AA) and sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS), then irradiated by ^60Co γ-rays at 25℃. The effects o| reaction time, absorbed dose, dose-rate, inhibitor and monomer concentration on the grafting yield were studied. Grafting yields of both AA and SSS onto FEP, respectively, increase with irradiation dose, but some saturation will appear at high dose and monomer concentration. The grafting yield increases with reaction time and then levels off. The grafting of SSS onto FEP is more difficult than the grafting of AA. The analysis of grafted membranes using DSC and FT-IR have been done.     

聚乙烯-对苯乙烯磺酸钠接枝膜制备

采用γ射线引发共辐照接枝方法,研究了丙烯酸（ＡＡ）及对苯乙烯磺酸钠（ＳＳＳ）双元混合体系对聚乙烯（ＰＥ）薄膜的接枝规律性,用一步法直接制备了聚乙烯强酸型阳离子换膜。研究结果表明,在辐照接枝过程中,ＡＡ首先与聚乙烯反应,改善了薄膜表面的亲水性,然后ＳＳＳ与ＰＥ接枝共聚。通过ＳＳＳ单一体系及双元混合体系的研究,发现ＡＡ的存在是实现ＰＥ磺化的必要条件。本文系统研究了影响共接枝反应的辐照剂量、阻聚剂量、单     

聚氟乙烯-丙烯酸辐射接枝共聚合研究

研究了PVF薄膜共辐照接枝丙烯酸,阐明了剂量、剂量率、单体浓度、温度、莫尔盐、无机酸、薄膜厚度和溶剂等因素对接枝率的影响。由PVF接枝丙烯酸的Arrhenius曲线求得该体系的总活化能为5.8kcal/mol。接枝共聚速率与薄膜厚度呈负一次方关系,说明接枝共聚过程由扩散所控制。红外光谱表明接枝共聚物在1580～1540cm~(-1)和3590～3420cm~(-1)处有强烈吸收,即为被接枝的聚丙烯酸羧基中的C=O基和H—O基吸收。     

电子束引发双功能基阳离子交换膜的制备研究

在所有的离子交换膜中,最引人注目的当数20世纪70年代已商品化的Nation系列膜。具有磺酸功能基的Nation膜电阻低,但用在氯碱工业时电流效率低。1974年Seko发明了全氟羧酸阳离子交换膜,使电流效率有实质性提高,并推动了复合膜的发展。复合膜具有磺酸膜的低电阻性能和羧酸膜的高电流效率。本工作采用辐射接枝法制备含羧酸基团和磺酸基团的双功能基阳离子交换膜,目的主要是以低成本且简单可行的辐射接枝法代替共聚法,制备稳定性好、低电阻、高电流效率的阳离子交换膜。     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维预辐照接枝丙烯酸甲酯

采用预辐照接枝的方法研究了丙烯酸甲酯（MA）单体在超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维表面的接枝聚合反应。考察了吸收剂量、单体浓度、接枝聚合反应温度对接枝率的影响。结果表明：UHMWPE纤维接枝MA的接枝率较高,最高可达约151％,接枝率随吸收剂量、单体浓度、反应温度升’高而增加。用红外光谱法分析了接枝前后纤维官能团的变化,通过扫描电镜观察了接枝前后纤维表面的形貌。     

Metal sorption and swelling characters of acrylic acid and sodium alginate based hydrogels synthesized by gamma irradiation

Hydrophilic hydrogels based on poly(acrylic acid) as synthetic polymer and sodium alginates as natural polymer (AG) were prepared by gamma irradiation. The AAc/AG hydrogels were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of temperature and pH on the degree of swelling in water was studied. In addition, the metal sorption affinity of the prepared hydrogels for Cu⁺², Co⁺² and Ni⁺² was investigated. The XRD spectroscopic analysis indicates the formation of interpenetrating polymer networks. The TGA study showed that the hydrogels based on AAc/AG hydrogels at different ratios displayed lower thermal stability than PAAc hydrogel. The kinetic study of swelling in water showed that PAAc and AAc/AG hydrogels reached the equilibrium swelling state after five hours. However, AAc/AG hydrogels showed degree of swelling in water greater than PAAc hydrogel. The degree of swelling of AAc/AG hydrogels was affected by temperature, it increases within the temperature range 25-40 °C and displayed pH sensitivity within the range 5.5-9 depending on composition. The metal sorption study showed that PAAc hydrogel possessed higher affinity for Cu⁺² ions than AAc/AG hydrogels, whereas AAc/AG hydrogels showed higher affinity for Co⁺² and Ni⁺² ions than PAAc hydrogel.     

低温等离子体接枝改性聚四氟乙烯薄膜表面无钯化学镀铜

通过低温等离子体接枝改性方法将丙烯酸(Acrylic acid,AAc)接枝聚合于聚四氟乙烯(Polytetrafluoroethylene,PTFE)薄膜表面,随后进行无钯化学镀铜,制备出表面镀铜的PTFE薄膜(PTFE-g-PAAc-Cu)。衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)测试结果表明,丙烯酸成功地接枝于PTFE薄膜表面;通过扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscopy,SEM)和原子力显微镜(Atomic force microscopy,AFM)观察发现,镀铜均匀沉积于PTFE薄膜表面;3M胶带粘贴方法(ASTM D3359标准)评估结果表明,铜层与PTFE薄膜粘结牢固,3M胶带未能够将铜层与PTFE薄膜分离开;电性能测试结果表明,PTFE-g-PAAc-Cu的表面电阻(Rs)降至1.27′10~(-2)Ω/sq,电阻率降至50.1μΩ?cm,其导电性由绝缘体提高到导体水平(导体的电阻率范围为1~10~3μΩ?cm),有望在柔性覆铜板领域获得应用。     

尼龙-66滤膜电子束预辐照接枝丙烯酸的研究

采用电子束预辐照接枝法,以水为溶剂,硫酸铜为阻聚剂,将丙烯酸接枝到尼龙-66滤膜上面。探讨电子束吸收剂量、丙烯酸单体浓度、接枝时间和反应温度对滤膜接枝率的影响。对不同接枝率的滤膜进行吸水性测试,并利用扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱仪对接枝前后的滤膜进行表征。结果表明:丙烯酸成功接枝到尼龙-66滤膜表面,接枝后样品表面孔洞减少,表面粗糙度增加;接枝率随着吸收剂量、丙烯酸单体浓度、接枝时间和反应温度的增加而增大,而后渐渐趋于平缓;接枝后的滤膜吸水率有很大的提高。