移动车辆荷载过桥耦合振动精细积分算法

根据模态综合叠加技术的优势,提出基于精细积分算法（PIM）的车桥耦合振动模型新算法。考虑积分步长内荷载协调分解,通过插值函数将移动车辆荷载等效到单元节点,利用科茨积分格式求解Duhamel非齐次项荷载。以移动常量力作用于简支梁桥为例,将解析解和多种迭代格式数值解进行对比,校验精细积分法结合科茨积分格式求解车桥耦合振动模型算法的准确性。以移动弹簧质量车模型作用于简支梁桥为例,分析积分步长、计算时间对Rung-Kutta法、Newmark-β法及PIM法计算结果的影响。结果表明:基于模态综合叠加法并结合精细积分格式求解车桥耦合振动问题不受积分步长限制,具有快速收敛的优势。     

地下洞室多孔墙体热湿传递的数值模拟

提出了一种以温度与相对湿度为驱动势的多孔墙体热湿耦合传递的数学模型,该模型同时考虑了水蒸气与毛细孔内液态水的传递。采用控制容积法将理论方程组离散并编制了计算程序,对深埋地下洞室的墙体进行了热湿传递的数值模拟,得到了墙体温度、相对湿度、热流率、湿流率的变化规律。结果表明,墙体传热过程趋于稳定的时间远小于传湿过程。     

多层墙体热湿耦合传递模型及验证

从非平衡热力学角度论证了多层墙体热湿耦合过程采用水蒸气分压力和温度作为驱动势的合理性。由于水蒸气分压力是含湿量和温度的函数,利用全微分思想,建立了多层墙体热湿耦合传递模型,该方法可避免Budaiwi方法在热湿耦合模型建立过程中采用的空气含湿量与相对湿度间的近似表达式,而且简化了方程系数,便于方程的求解。通过对多层墙体求解结果的对比,验证了该模型的有效性。     

围护结构热湿耦合传递模型及简便求解方法

为了预测围护结构内的温度和湿度分布,以连续变量,相对湿度和温度为驱动势,考虑热传递与湿传递之间的耦合作用,建立了围护结构热湿耦合传递非稳态模型,并提出了基于多物理场耦合仿真模拟软件COMSOL的热湿耦合传递模型简便求解方法。通过对比新建模型模拟结果与HAMSTAD标准验证实例,验证了模型及求解方法的准确性。     

绝热材料中热湿耦合传递理论研究

提出了一种绝热材料中热湿耦合传递现象的Luikov模型,对热湿耦合方程进行Laplace变换,采用传递函数方法得到Laplace域中控制方程的解析解,将Laplace逆变换应用于绝热边界条件下,得到最终的结果。     

静止式全热交换器热湿耦合传递问题的数值解析方法探讨

静止式全热交换器内传热传湿问题属于典型的狭长流道弱热湿耦合传递问题,通过合理的假设,将气固(膜)两相间传湿类比为流固耦合传热,建立了热湿耦合传递数学模型。以准逆流式全热交换器为例,介绍了使用CFD软件实现该数学模型计算的方法,并通过实验验证了计算结果。结果显示,在100~510m~3/h风量工况下,计算显热效率和潜热效率与实验值的最大误差分别为6.2%和3.8%。     

多孔围护结构热湿耦合传递过程研究及进展

相对于干热干冷气候区,湿热湿冷气候区的多孔围护结构热湿耦合作用引起的传热计算是一个复杂的过程,在建筑节能工程计算中依然采用的是经验方法.本文以多孔围护结构热湿耦合传递过程为研究对象,对业界在理论研究、计算方法及模拟工具等方面取得的进展进行了深入的研究分析,总结了国内外在多孔围护结构热湿耦合传递过程研究中所取得的主要成果.针对存在的问题,指出了其应用的局限性,同时展望了该领域的发展趋势.     

结构-地基动力相互作用时域数值分析的显-隐式分区异步长递归算法

动力相互作用时域数值分析的精度与效率是面向大规模工程问题解决的重要问题。在阻尼溶剂抽取法模拟地基无限域动力性质的基础上,提出并发展了结构–地基动力相互作用时域数值分析的显–隐式分区异步长递归算法,分别在结构、地基分区计算中进行大步长隐式与小步长显式求解,而且采用预报–校正显式积分与Newmark隐式积分,具有相同的运动量数值积分假定,可自然满足分区交界面位移协调性条件。在满足工程精度要求的条件下,分区异步长显–隐式求解算法使动力相互作用时域数值计算效率较传统小步长显式积分算法得到大幅度提高,可明显促进阻尼溶剂抽取法在大规模工程问题分析中的应用。并就积分时间步长、结构–地基交界面异步长内插格式及位移协调性关系对结构动力响应的影响进行数值对比研究,可为具体计算中的参数选择提供依据。     

结构–地基动力相互作用时域数值分析的显–隐式分区异步长递归算法

动力相互作用时域数值分析的精度与效率是面向大规模工程问题解决的重要问题。在阻尼溶剂抽取法模拟地基无限域动力性质的基础上，提出并发展了结构–地基动力相互作用时域数值分析的显–隐式分区异步长递归算法，分别在结构、地基分区计算中进行大步长隐式与小步长显式求解，而且采用预报–校正显式积分与Newmark隐式积分，具有相同的运动量数值积分假定，可自然满足分区交界面位移协调性条件。在满足工程精度要求的条件下，分区异步长显–隐式求解算法使动力相互作用时域数值计算效率较传统小步长显式积分算法得到大幅度提高，可明显促进阻尼溶剂抽取法在大规模工程问题分析中的应用。并就积分时间步长、结构–地基交界面异步长内插格式及位移协调性关系对结构动力响应的影响进行数值对比研究，可为具体计算中的参数选择提供依据。     

热湿气候地区湿传递对吸放湿墙体热湿性能的影响

以墙体中的空气含湿率和温度为驱动势建立了多层墙体的一维瞬态热湿耦合传递方程,将用此方程计算出的值跟用忽略湿传递的导热方程计算出的值进行对比得出湿传递对墙体热湿性能的影响。结果表明,对于吸放湿墙体而言,湿传递对墙体的热湿性能有着非常重要的影响。在进行墙体传热计算时,如果忽略墙体中的湿传递会产生较大误差,不能精确的预测墙体内的温度分布情况,并且导致计算出的空调负荷偏小,进而影响到空调的实际效果。     

Experimental and theoretical investigation of non-isothermal transfer in hygroscopic building materials

In this paper a modified two-dimensional Luikov model for evaluating the non-isothermal moisture migration in porous building materials was proposed. The coupled heat and moisture transfer problem was modeled. Vapor content and temperature were chosen as the principal driving potentials. The coupled equations were solved by a numerical method, which consists of a finite difference technique with a fully implicit scheme in time. Two validation experiments were developed in this study. The evolution of transient moisture distributions in both one-dimensional and two-dimensional cases was measured. A comparison between experimental results and those obtained by the numerical model proves that they are fully consistent with each other. The modified model can be integrated into a whole building heat, air and moisture transfer model.     

湿传递对建筑墙体传热性能的影响

建筑物的耗能与建筑围护结构的传热传湿密切相关,了解建筑墙体内部的热湿传递对建筑节能有重要影响。以相对湿度和温度梯度为驱动势建立墙体一维非稳态热、湿和空气耦合传递模型(HAM模型),并利用有限元法进行了数值求解,重点关注了湿传递对传热的影响。数值结果表明:考虑传湿时墙体内部温度波动小,墙体进行热湿传递会产生湿积累,降低墙体使用年限;考虑传湿时通过墙体总传热量比不考虑传湿时多7.5%;考虑传湿时内壁面最大平均数比不考虑传湿时大0.78。     

使用基于模型的积分算法的钢框架非线性时程分析

基于模型的积分算法为新近提出的一类同时具有无条件稳定及显式两种特性的积分算法。为了更加深入地了解该类算法的计算流程及计算效果,使用一种基于模型的积分算法对钢框架进行地震作用下的非线性时程分析。采用基于刚度的纤维梁柱单元来建立钢框架的有限元模型,并采用基于模型的积分算法求解结构运动方程,详细地给出了分析步骤。根据美国规范,设计了一个四层钢框架。利用Matlab/Simulink编制了有限元数值仿真平台,建立了钢框架的有限元模型。同时,使用OpenSees软件建立了相同的结构模型,并采用Newmark常平均加速度法。OpenSees模型的分析结果作为参照。结果表明：在使用基于模型的积分算法时,不需要迭代。此外,即便积分时间步长较大时,基于模型的积分算法依然具有较高的精度。     

Theoretical study of simultaneous water and VOCs adsorption and desorption in a silica gel rotor

One-dimensional partial differential equations were used to model the simultaneous water and VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) adsorption and desorption in a silica gel rotor which was recommended for indoor air cleaning. The interaction among VOCs and moisture in the adsorption and desorption process was neglected in the model as the concentrations of VOC pollutants in typical indoor environment were much lower than that of moisture and the adsorbed VOCs occupied only a minor portion of adsorption capacity of the rotor. Consequently VOC transfer was coupled with heat and moisture transfer only by the temperatures of the rotor and the air stream. The VOC transfer equations were solved by discretizing them into explicit up-wind finite differential equations. The model was validated with experimental data. The calculated results suggested that the regeneration time designed for dehumidification may be prolonged to allow complete removal of the VOC pollutants from the rotor. The regeneration temperature designed for dehumidification provides considerable efficiency for indoor air cleaning. The application of the model in estimating the cleaning capacity of the rotor for VOC pollutants was demonstrated. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Silica gel rotors, usually used to dehumidify air, were found to be effective to remove VOCs by experiments recently. But the removal characteristics of VOCs are different from that of moisture. Therefore, the rotor structure and operating parameters for dehumidification needs to be optimized for the use of removing moisture and VOCs. This paper gives a way for the optimization.     

极端热湿地区围护结构热湿耦合传递模型

极端热湿地区常年高温多雨,为了准确预测围护结构内的温度和湿度分布,模拟高温、高湿和高太阳辐射对围护结构的影响,建立了适用于极端热湿地区的围护结构热湿耦合传递模型,在边界条件中加入太阳辐射和雨水负荷对传热传湿的影响,考虑了随材料含湿量不断变化的材料物性参数。为了求解模型,提出了基于计算机软件COMSOL的模型求解方法,利用MATLAB计算方程组不断变化的系数,并确定了软件容差和网格的设置条件:相对容差推荐设定在0.001,绝对容差设定为0.000 1,网格按极细化划分。通过对比HAMSTAD标准实例验证了模型的准确性。     

Heat and mass coupled transfer combined with freezing process in building materials: Modeling and experimental verification

Newly completed building envelope is always characterized by high initial moisture content, and so the liquid moisture permeability is the main feature of mass transferring on its initial use. The high initial moisture content has strong impact on indoor condition and energy consumption especially in severe cold area where the moisture freezing in building envelope would occur in winter. Therefore, accurately predicting the hygrothermal states of building envelope to obtain useful envelope parameters is very important. In order to analyze the moisture transferring performance of enclosure on building initial use in severe cold area, the paper studied the coupling transfer of heat and moisture in building envelope. The permeability and freezing of the liquid water in porous building material were considered. The moisture content gradient was used as mass transfer driving force, and the temperature gradient was used as heat transfer driving forces. Heat and moisture coupled transfer conservation equations on different transferring conditions were built. An experimental set-up was built to verify the model, and good agreements were obtained, which suggests that the model can be used to simulate the heat and moisture coupled transfer in newly completed building envelope of severe cold area.     

两种常见墙体的热湿迁移特性分析

大多数建筑墙体均为多孔介质材料,多孔介质墙体中湿迁移与热迁移是互相耦合的过程,湿迁移对热迁移有着重要的作用,例如会使热导率明显增加,同时,热过程对湿过程也有着影响作用。基于Fourier定律、Fick定律、Darcy定律,以温度和空气含湿量为驱动势建立了多层多孔介质墙体热湿耦合迁移数学模型,对两种常见墙体（红砖墙体和加气混凝土墙体）进行计算分析。结果表明,加气混凝土墙体比红砖墙体具有更好的保温隔热性能,但更容易发生湿积累和引发湿破坏。