润滑条件下Mg2B2O5/6061Al基复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究

采用自制的机械-超声混合搅拌设备制备出Mg2B2O5/6061Al铝基复合材料,复合材料的体积分数为2%。研究了载荷和滑动速度对基体以及复合材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响。实验结果表明,基体和复合材料摩擦系数总体上随着载荷和滑动速度的增加而减小。基体和复合材料的磨损率随载荷和滑动速度的增加而明显的增大,且基体和复合材料均存在一个临界载荷和临界滑动速度。当载荷和滑动速度到达临界值后,磨损率均急剧增大,此时试样摩擦磨损机制由微观疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损向粘着磨损与剥离磨损转变。     

硼酸镁晶须增强6061铝基复合材料的干摩擦磨损行为(英文)

研究搅拌铸造工艺制备的硼酸镁晶须增强6061铝基复合材料在干滑动条件下的摩擦磨损性能。复合材料的体积分数为2%,根据增强体种类,材料分别记为:Al基体、Mg2B2O5w/6061Al、ZnO/Mg2B2O5w/6061Al和CuO/Mg2B2O5w/6061Al;讨论磨损速率和摩擦因数之间的关系。结果表明:在4种材料中,ZnO/Mg2B2O5w/6061Al复合材料的磨损率最低。随着载荷和滑动速度的增大,基体和复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率降低,摩擦磨损机制由轻微磨损机制转向严重磨损机制。     

粉末热挤压制备Mg_2B_2O_5/6061Al复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用粉末热挤压工艺制备硼酸镁晶须增强铝基复合材料,研究了晶须含量和载荷的变化对材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,在恒定的速度和载荷下,硼酸镁晶须体积含量为2%时耐磨性最好,其磨损率为纯6061铝合金磨损率的62%。随着载荷的增大,复合材料的磨损率增加,并且高体积含量的复合材料磨损率呈现出更大的增加趋势。磨损表面分析表明:在较低负载下,6061铝合金的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,复合材料的磨损机制以轻微的粘着磨损为主;在较高负载时,6061铝合金和复合材料的磨损机制均由粘着磨损和磨粒磨损共同主导。     

CuO涂覆Mg2B2O5晶须增强镁基复合材料界面结构研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的CuO涂覆Mg2B2O5晶须改善了晶须增强镁基复合材料的界面。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和透射电子显微镜对CuO涂覆Mg2B2O5晶须和镁基复合材料分别进行物相分析、形貌观察和界面结构分析。结果表明:CuO成功地涂覆在了Mg2B2O5晶须上,CuO涂覆Mg2B2O5晶须增强镁基复合材料的界面相为MgCu2和MgO相,来源于CuO和基体的界面反应产物;基体析出相MgZn2在晶须两侧平行生长,在特定位置和晶须具有一定的晶体学位向关系:[001]Mg2B2O5[5143]MgZn2和(100)Mg2B2O5(0111)MgZn2;CuO涂覆Mg2B2O5晶须增强镁基复合材料的抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高了37.6%和35.7%。     

Al2O3/Cu复合材料的载流摩擦磨损性能

研究了采用内氧化法制备的Al2O3／Cu复合材料在载流条件下的干滑动摩擦磨损性能，结果表明，在相同条件下，Al2O3／Cu复合材料的抗摩擦磨损性能明显优于紫铜；当电流一定时，随着速度与载荷的增加，销试样的磨损率增加，摩擦因数降低。Al2O3／Cu复合材料销试样表层发生了磨粒磨损和粘着磨损，紫铜表层主要发生了粘着磨损。在试验范围内，质量分数为0．60％的Al2O3的Cu肚复介材料比质量分数为0．24％的磨损率和摩擦因数低。     

铝基复合材料的Al-Cu合金中间层瞬间液相扩散连接

采用Al—Cu合金作为中间层研究了铝基复合材料(Al2O3p／6061Al)瞬间液相扩散连接接头的组织与力学性能。研究结果表明，在Al—Cu／A12O3p／6061Al接头中无明显的增强相偏聚区和增强相贫化区，且接头成分分布较为均匀；在Al—C。合金中间层厚度30μm、连接温度600℃、连接时间30min条件下，接头抗剪强度为130～140MPa,较Cu／A12O3p／6061Al接头抗剪强度提高45％。因此，采用Al—Cu中间层是改善铝基复合材料接头力学性能的有效途径。     

Cr_2O_3涂覆硼酸铝晶须增强2024Al复合材料的时效行为和磨损性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法在硼酸铝晶须表面涂覆了一层均匀的Cr2O3薄膜,然后超声分散涂覆的晶须湿法制备预制件,采用挤压铸造法制备了Cr2O3涂覆的硼酸铝晶须增强2024Al复合材料(ABOw/Cr2O3/2024Al)。研究了该复合材料的时效行为和磨损性能。结果表明:Cr2O3涂覆硼酸铝晶须后,ABOw/Cr2O3/2024Al复合材料的峰时效时间延长,硬度水平、拉伸性能和耐磨性能显著提高。在相同载荷和转动速率下,铸态ABOw/Cr2O3/2024Al复合材料的磨损量少于ABOw/2024Al复合材料。T6热处理可以显著提高该复合材料的耐磨性。     

SnO2包覆硼酸铝晶须增强铝复合材料高温拉伸性能研究

利用挤压铸造方法制备了SnO2涂覆硼酸铝晶须增强纯铝复合材料(晶须体积分数为20%),研究了涂层和复合材料的微观组织结构、界面反应,并对复合材料的高温拉伸力学性能进行了测试和分析。结果表明,SnO2涂层的引入改善了晶须增强铝基复合材料的界面状态,使得复合材料的拉伸强度随着温度的升高和涂层含量的增加先增加然后降低,当SnO2包覆涂层与晶须的质量比为1∶20时,晶须增强纯铝基复合材料的拉伸温度在300℃得到了最好的拉伸塑性。     

硼酸盐晶须增强金属基复合材料的界面结构及其优化

综述了Al18B4O33 晶须(Al18B4O33w)和Mg2B2O5 晶须(Mg2B2O5w)增强铝、镁基复合材料的国内外研究概况,着重介绍了该复合材料的界面结构及其取向关系、界面产物形成机理以及采用晶须涂层方法优化晶须/基体界面结构等方面的研究进展,并对硼酸盐晶须增强铝、镁基复合材料研究中存在的问题及某些需要深入研究的方向提出了一些看法.     

氧化锌涂覆硼酸镁晶须增强6061铝基复合材料的拉伸性能和热挤压行为（英文）

用挤压铸造法制备不同ZnO包覆量的硼酸镁晶须增强的6061铝基复合材料,并对其进行热挤压处理。对复合材料的显微组织及其力学性能进行研究。结果表明:随着ZnO包覆量的增大,铸态复合材料的弹性模量直线增加。铸态复合材料的极限抗拉强度和屈服强度随ZnO包覆量的增大先增大后减小。然而,铸态复合材料的伸长率基本一致。经挤压后,复合材料的伸长率大幅增加;无涂层复合材料的极限抗拉强度最大,且其弹性模量有所提高。涂覆ZnO涂层的复合材料中晶须发生明显的折断现象。但是,随着ZnO包覆量的增大,晶须的破坏程度有限。     

Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2气氛下的腐蚀

研究了600℃时Fe-15Ce合金在H2-CO2、H2-H2S及H2-H2S-CO2 3种气氛中的腐蚀行为，Fe-15Ce合金腐蚀后发生了Ce的内氧化或形成了复杂的腐蚀产物膜，而未出现Ce的选择性氧化或硫化，这主要是合金中存在着两相及Ce在Fe中极低的溶解度的结果。Fe-15Ce合金在本实验条件下的氧化-硫化腐蚀速度低于相同温度、压力下的纯硫化。     

用氢-氧取代氧-乙炔作焊接切割的必要性及可行性

阐述了用氢代乙炔的必要性．通过时HGQU2000／315火焰电孤焊割机的考察和试用证实了用氢代乙炔的可行性，比较了两种气体的性质并提出了使用特性差异和注意事项．提出了进一步探索的问题。     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极制备及性能

通过热分解法制备了含IrO2-MnO2中间层Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极,采用SEM、EDX、XRD、CV等检测方法对中间层进行表征,同时采用强化加速寿命试验对电极电化学稳定性进行表征。结果表明:450℃时前躯体完全氧化并形成固溶体,制备的中间层晶粒细小,表面结构致密,电化学孔隙率小。添加中间层使Ti/RuO2-TiO2-SnO2电极强化寿命由未加中间层的7.5h提高到995.8h,远高于国家标准20h。     

ACTIVITY OF La_2O_3 IN LIQUID La_2O_3-CaF_2 AND La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2 SLAGS

用石墨为还原剂,将渣中La_2O_3还原入液态Sn,以测定1500℃下La_2O_3-CaF_2和La_2O_3-CaF_2-CaO-SiO_2渣中La_2O_3的活度.对La_2O_3-CaF_2系,并用Gibbs-Duhem积分法求得CaF_2的活度. 根据液态渣的离子结构模型,对上述二渣系中La_2O_3的活度数据进行了简单的讨论.     

Mechanoluminescence in BaSi2O2N2:Eu

Mechanoluminescence (ML), a general term for the phenomenon in which light emission occurs during any mechanical action on a solid, can be divided roughly into two classes: destructive ML and non-destructive ML. For practical use in high-end applications (e.g. pressure sensors), materials with non-destructive ML properties are preferred. This paper reports on the strong non-destructive ML in BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. When irradiated in advance with ultraviolet or blue light, this phosphor shows intense blue-green light emission upon mechanical stimulation such as friction or pressure. The ML has an emission band peaking at 498 nm, which is ～4 nm red-shifted compared to the steady-state photoluminescence. The origin of the ML is discussed and related to the persistent luminescence of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu. The same traps are responsible for both phenomena. Based on the occurrence of ML in this phosphor, we were able to show that the predominant crystallographic structure of BaSi₂O₂N₂:Eu belongs to space group Cmc2₁.     

氢分子在贮氢材料Li2MgN2H2表面的吸附与解离

采用第一性原理计算方法研究了Li-Mg-N-H体系贮氢材料的放氢产物Li2MgN2H2的吸氢反应过程中的过渡态、表面电子态密度和表面能。结果表明:氢分子在Li2MgN2H2低指数表面中最低能量(100)表面的Mg-Mg-Li穴位吸附位置能够形成最稳定的吸附结构并发生解离,氢分子吸附能为-0.1898eV,解离能约为0.84eV(81kJ/mol),表明该反应所需的反应活化能仍较高,吸氢反应速度缓慢。     

Thermodynamic evaluation of phase equilibria in the CaCl2-MgCl2-CaF2-MgF2 system

The phase diagram of the CaCl₂-CaF₂-MgCl₂-MgF₂ reciprocal ternary system was calculated thermodynamically from available data on the common-ion binary subsystems and from available data on the CaCl₂-MgF₂ join. This join is very nearly quasibinary and divides the system into two quasiternary systems: the CaCl₂-MgF₂-CaF₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 724 +-5 °C and the CaC₂-MgF₂-MgCl₂ system with a ternary eutectic calculated at 561 +-5 °C.     

High temperature corrosion of Fe-Cr-Mn-alloys in H2-H2S and H2-H2O-H2S gas mixtures

The sulfidation of Fe-20% Cr-30% Mn, Fe-25%Cr-20%Mn and Fe-25% Cr was studied at 700°C in H₂-H₂S and the oxidation and sulfidation in H₂-H₂O-H₂S after preoxidation in H₂-H₂O. The sulfidation rate is strongly increased for the Mn-containing alloys, layers of (Mn,Cr)S and (Mn,Fe)Cr₂S₄ are formed. Also the oxidation rate is enhanced compared to Fe-25% Cr by formation of MnCr₂O₄ instead of Cr₂O₃. The sulfidation after preoxidation leads to internal and external sulfidation of the Mn-containing alloys. With increasing oxygen pressure p(O₂) = 10^?26…10^?22 atm. of the H₂-H₂O-H₂S mixtures the sulfidation is suppressed, for the higher oxygen pressure 10^?23 and 10^?22 atm. fast oxidation prevails under formation of MnCr₂O₄. Manganese cannot increase the sulfidation resistance of alloys, in spite of the stability and low degree of disorder of its sulfide, since the mixed sulfide (Mn,Cr)S is formed which has a high degree of disorder, high diffusivities and high growth rate according to the doping effect of trivalent Cr³⁺.     

PHASE DIAGRAM OF TERNARY SYSTEM PrCl_2-CaCl_2-MgCl_2

Three surfaces corresponding to the primary crystallization of PrCl_3,CaCl_2 andMgCl_2 respectively,3 univariant curves related to the secondary crystallization and a ternaryeutectic(44.8 wt-% PrCl_3,31.8 wt-% CaCl_2,546℃)were found in systemPrCl_3-CaCl_2-MgCl_2 by means of DTA.A reaction occurs in this system:L=PrCl_3+CaCl_2+MgCl_2.