The effects of Sc on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hypo-eutectic Al−Si alloys

The eutectic Si microstructure in Al-8.5wt.%Si alloy was changed from large flakes to fine lamellar when the Sc amount in the alloy reached 0.2 wt.%. 0.8wt.%Sc was optimal in terms of attaining the best modification effect. Study on the distribution of the modifiers and measurement of the surface tension of Al-8.5wt.%Si alloy melt with added Sr, Na, and Sc modifiers, respectively, reveals that Sc modifies eutectic Si by a decrease of surface tension, while Sr and Na modify eutectic Si mainly by an impurity-induced twinning mechanism. Al-8.5wt.%Si-0.4wt.%Sc alloy displayed approximately 50 and 70% increases in tensile strength and elongation, respectively, over Al-8.5wt.%Si alloy in the cast state. It also presented approximately 65 and 70% increases in tensile strength and elongation, respectively, over Al-8.5wt.%Si alloy at a ppt heat-treated state at 200°C for 3 h.     

复合变质对Al-20%Si合金耐磨性能的影响

在不同P、RE添加量下对P-RE复合变质和未变质的过共晶铝硅合金的耐磨性进行了研究。结果表明:P-RE复合变质明显提高了合金的耐磨性,当加入0.08%P和0.6%RE时,合金的耐磨性达到最佳,磨损失重量从未变质的5.2mg降低到4.225mg,减少了19%。磨损主要为磨粒磨损,磨粒来源是硅相的破碎剥落。合金耐磨性能的改善与复合变质引起的共晶硅和初晶硅颗粒的细化和合金强度、塑性的提高有关。     

Al-20％Si中间合金对Al-Si合金共晶Si变质行为的影响

研究了Al-20％Si中间合金对铸造Al-Si合金显微组织的影响.结果表明:向Al-Si合金熔体中加入1％的Al-20％Si中间合金,Al-7％Si合金中的共晶Si由粗大的板片状变为细密的纤维状或点状,变质效果较好,而对共晶Al- 12％Si合金的变质效果较弱;浇注温度对合金显微组织影响较大,适当降低浇注温度,有利于铸件组织的细化;变质温度越低越有利于颗粒状Si相成为形核核心,抑制枝晶组织的形成长大;在变质温度为650℃时,Al-20％Si中间合金对Al-7％Si合金变质有效时间是3h左右.     

Effects of high magnetic field on modification of Al-Si alloy

1INTRODUCTIONAmong Al-Si alloys,the Al-Si eutectic alloyhas the best foundry capability.The mechanicalproperties of Al-Si eutectic and hypoeutectic alloyhighly relates to the shape,size and distribution ofSi phase in eutectic structure.Coarse acicular-likeeutectic Si dissevers Al matrix badly to inducestress concentration and debase the mechanicalproperties,especially the tenacity.Modification isthe process to change the shape and size of eutecticSi,namely to change the shape of eutec…     

Effects of Withdrawal Rate and Temperature Gradient on the Microstructure Evolution in Directionally Solidified NiAl-36Cr-6Mo Hypereutectic Alloy

The effects of withdrawal rate and temperature gradient on the microstructure and growth interface morphology in directionally solidified Ni-29Al-36Cr-6Mo(at.%) hypereutectic alloy were investigated. Under the temperature gradient of 250 K/cm, well-aligned eutectic microstructure with lamellar morphology was obtained at the withdrawal rate of 6 μm/s. When the withdrawal rate was 10 μm/s, the microstructure changed to Cr(Mo) dendrites + eutectic lamellae. With the increasing withdrawal rate, the interdendritic eutectic growth interface changed from planar to cellular, the number of primary Cr(Mo) dendrites became greater, and the microstructure was refined. When the temperature gradient increased to 600 K/cm, the coupled eutectic growth zone of NiAl-Cr(Mo) alloy was expanded; a well-aligned eutectic microstructure could be obtained at higher rate of 10 μm/s. Furthermore, the planar/cellular transition rate of the interdendritic eutectic growth interface increased. Even at the same withdrawal rate, the number of primary Cr(Mo) dendrites was less and the microstructure was finer under the temperature gradient of 600 K/cm.     

Microstructure Investigation of Directionally Solidified NiAl-Cr(Mo)-xDy (x = 0, 0.1 wt.%) Hypereutectic Alloys at Different Withdrawal Rates

The microstructures of directionally solidified Ni-31Al-32Cr-6Mo (at.%)-xDy (x = 0, 0.1 wt.%) hypereutectic alloys were studied at different withdrawal rates. The results show that the microstructure changes from the planar eutectic to the cellular eutectic and the volume fraction of the primary Cr(Mo) dendrites decreases for the Dy-free alloy with the withdrawal rate varying from 6 μm/s to 30 μm/s. The addition of 0.1 wt.% Dy promotes the planar-to-cellular transition. Moreover, the white Dy-containing phase does not form in the alloy for the planar interface growth (6 μm/s), but it can occur in the boundary of eutectic cells for the cellular interface growth (30 μm/s). A sketchy model of the planar and cellular growth is supposed to interpret it.     

Sr变质对蛇形通道浇注Al-22Si-Cu合金组织的影响

采用纯铜蛇形通道浇注和Sr变质的复合工艺,对Al-22Si-Cu过共晶合金组织与性能进行研究。结果表明,蛇形通道工艺可将初生Si晶粒尺寸从90μm细化至28.03μm。随着Sr含量增加,初生Si的析出温度降低,合金的孪晶密度和初生Si尺寸均先增大后减小,当Sr含量为0.09%时达到最大值;共晶Si由长针状转变为纤维状;Sr含量为0.12%时,合金的抗拉强度达到212.32MPa。     

旋转交变磁场和静磁场对Al-18%Si合金变质处理的影响

分别研究了旋转磁场和静磁场对过共晶Al-18％Si合金变质处理的影响。结果表明：变质处理后．不施加磁场的条件下，块状初晶Si偏聚在试样边缘处，试样中心处为共晶Si；施加旋转交变磁场的条件下，粗大的板条状初晶Si偏聚在试样边缘处，试样中心处为共晶Si；施加静磁场的条件下，在试样整个横断面上初晶Si都是细小的块状，且大小和分布均匀。     

Sr对Mg-4%Si合金中Mg2Si的变质作用

研究Sr对过共晶Mg-4%Si（质量分数）合金中Mg2Si相的变质作用与机理。Mg-4%Si合金中存在多面体形初生Mg2Si相与汉字状共晶Mg2Si相。添加Al-10%Sr可以明显细化初生Mg2Si相,同时可以将共晶Mg2Si相由汉字状变质为多面体状或者纤维状。对初生Mg2Si相的细化作用主要是由凝固过程中含Sr颗粒的异质形核作用引起的,而对共晶Mg2Si相的变质作用是由在凝固过程中熔体中的Sr原子在Mg2Si晶体生长表面富集,从而改变了其生长优势所致的。     

Sr,B添加对Al-15.5%Si合金中共晶团尺寸的影响

考察了Sr,B及Sr＋B联合作用对Al-15．5％Si（质量分数）合金中共晶团尺寸大小的影响．实验结果表明,随合金中Sr量增加,共晶团尺寸呈减少的趋势,冷却速度对共晶团的影响也很显著;在Sr变质的合金中加入B,共晶团尺寸先显著下降,随B量增加降低幅度趋于平缓;在未变质的Al-15.5％Si合金中单独加B,共晶硅由粗大的片状变为细长的层片状,层片间距明显降低．分析认为,合金中加入Sr,导致共晶过冷度增大,因而共晶团形核驱动力增大促使共晶团细化;合金中加入B,增加了共晶团有效形核基底的数量促使共晶团显著细化．     

An Al-12Si/ZnS powder inoculant for eutectic silicon in Al-12Si alloy

To obtain high-performance Al-Si-based cast alloys,refinement and modification of Si phases are required.An Al-12Si/ZnS powder inoculant was designed and fabricated using a chemical bath deposition method.The efficiency of the inoculant for modifying the eutectic Si phase in as-cast Al-12Si alloy was studied.Results show that Al-12Si/ZnS powder can significantly refine the eutectic Si in Al-Si cast alloys.The best refinement effect for eutectic Si is achieved with 17.5wt.%Al-12Si/ZnS powder.Coarse long needle-shaped eutectic Si with a length of 18μm was modified into approximately spherical shape with a diameter of 6.53μm,which is evenly distributed throughout the alloy.The E2EM model calculation indicates that the inter-plane misfit(F_p)and inter-atomic spacing misfit(F_r)between ZnS and Si are all less than 0.5%,which confirms that ZnS is a potential nucleation site for Si phase.The hardness,tensile strength,and elongation of Al-12Si alloys modified with 17.5%Al-12Si/ZnS powder increase 6.30%,16.18%and 55.45%,respectively,compared to the unmodified Al-12Si alloy.The fracture behavior of the alloy with 17.5wt.%Al-12Si/ZnS powder is dominated by transgranular fracture supplemented by intergranular fracture.     

原位观察共晶硅对Al-20%Si合金裂纹形成与扩展的影响

采用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜原位观察了Al-20%Si合金在拉伸过程中裂纹形成与扩展过程,研究了共晶硅对Al-20%Si合金裂纹形成、扩展的影响。结果发现:随固溶温度升高,Al-20%Si合金共晶硅粒化效果显著。铸态Al-20%Si合金拉伸过程中在针状共晶硅处容易产生裂纹,且裂纹主要在共晶硅之间扩展。经560 ℃固溶6 h,190 ℃时效10 h后,合金中针状共晶硅完全转变为颗粒状,有效降低了裂纹扩展速度,合金的抗拉强度和塑性明显提高。     

细化变质处理对铸造Al-7.5Si-4Cu合金力学性能和组织的影响(英文)

研究了单一和复合Al-5Ti-B、RE和Al-10Sr细化变质剂对砂型铸造Al-7.5Si-4Cu合金力学性能、显微组织、细化变质效果及其金属间化合物变化的影响。结果表明:与单一细化变质处理以及铸态相比,经过添加质量分数为0.8%的Al-5Ti-B、0.1%的RE和0.1%的Al-10Sr细化变质剂复合细化变质处理后铸造Al-7.5Si-4Cu合金的力学性能和显微组织都得到了显著改善。对于单一细化变质处理,加入0.8%的Al-5Ti-B中间合金后,合金的抗拉强度和布氏硬度得到大幅度提高,并且细化了α(Al)相。加入0.1%的RE中间合金后,合金的伸长率得到了最大程度的提高。这是因为RE的加入使铝合金熔液而得到净化,同时改变了金属间化合物的形状。而加入0.1%的Al-10Sr变质剂后,合金的屈服强度得到改善,但其他性能的改善有限。Al-10Sr变质剂对共晶硅具有较强的变质作用,但使得铝合金熔体含气量增加并形成严重的柱状晶组织。利用硅相的平均面积和长宽比描述细化变质效果得到的结论与力学性能和组织分析的结果相同。     

Bi对Al-18%Si合金微观组织与力学性能的影响

研究不同的Bi含量对过共晶Al-18%Si合金微观组织与力学性能的影响.试验表明,Al-18%Si-x%Bi(x=1,2,3,4,5)合金中,大部分Bi在基体中以小颗粒状弥散均匀分布,局部出现Bi的聚集;同时,Bi的加入对合金中的共晶硅起到一定的细化作用;随着Bi含量的增加,共晶硅组织由粗大针片状变成短杆状,当Bi含量达到3%时,共晶硅转变为均匀分布于基体的蠕点状,当Bi含量为4%或5%时,共晶硅没有进一步的细化.另外,力学性能和摩擦试验研究发现:Al-18%Si-3%Bi合金的抗拉强度由Al-18%Si合金的168 MPa提高为189 MPa,摩擦系数由0.4372降为0.3879,磨损量仅为不含Bi的20%.     

A356铝合金Al-5Ti-1B和Al-10Sr熔体处理遗传效应

通过重熔试验研究Al-5Ti-1B和Al-10Sr中间合金在A356熔体中的遗传效应。结果表明:A356合金经熔体处理后流动性较母材提高17.36%,T6处理后α-Al枝晶细化,二次枝晶间距仅为16.8μm,共晶硅圆整,抗拉强度达269 MPa、屈服强度203MPa、伸长率12.5%、硬度92 HBW。伴随重熔,细化变质效果逐渐衰退,熔体质量下降,以致力学性能和流动性下降。试验发现固溶后快淬可减小变质衰退带来的影响。     

Effect of Sc and Sr on the Eutectic Si Morphology and Tensile Properties of Al-Si-Mg Alloy

To study the effect of Sc and Sr additions on modifying eutectic silicon particles and mechanical properties for Al-Si-Mg casting alloy, they were added with different amounts in F357 alloy without beryllium addition in the present work. It was found that (0.4 wt.% Sc and 0.04 wt.% Sr)-modified F357 alloy presented the optimal tensile properties when compared with the individual addition of Sc or Sr. This was mainly attributed to the synergic modification of eutectic Si in F357 alloys due to the combined additions of Sc and Sr. The silicon modification mechanisms via Sc and Sr were emphasized to be examined in this paper, and the fracture mechanism of the obtained alloys was also discussed.     

稀土对Al-20Si-2Cu-1Ni铝合金组织和性能的影响

借助金相(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)等技术,研究了富Ce混合稀土(RE)对Al-20Si-2Cu-1Ni高硅铝合金共晶硅变质、稀土化合物及力学性能的影响,并探讨其机理。结果表明,RE能有效变质共晶硅,随RE添加量的增加,变质效果不断增强,同时针片状RE化合物也逐渐增多。RE通过在凝固前沿富集从而抑制共晶硅的生长,但是过量的RE将导致固溶Cu、Ni的针状化合物(Al_2Si_2RE)生成,抵消了共晶硅变质对合金性能改善的一部分作用,使合金力学性能反而有所下降。添加0.6%RE时,铸态高硅铝合金的抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到最大值,较变质前分别提高33%和230%。     

La对Sr变质Al-9Si-Cu合金组织及冷却曲线特征的影响

研究了La添加量对Sr变质Al-9Si-Cu合金组织及冷却曲线特征的影响。结果表明,随La含量的增加(0~0.8%时),初生α-Al相尺寸减小,冷却曲线上的初生α-Al相生长最低温度Tmin-α和最高温度TG-α升高;La含量较低时(0.1%~0.2%),明显增强共晶Si的变质效果,冷却曲线上的共晶最低温度Tmin-si和最高温度TG-si降低,共晶再辉温度(ΔTR-Si)值增加;La含量较高时(0.4%~0.8%),共晶Si的变质效果变差,Tmin-si、TG-si和ΔTR-Si减小;ΔTR-Si与共晶Si变质效果有良好的对应关系,ΔTR-Si值越大,变质效果越好。     

Influences of complex modification of P and RE on microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-20Si alloy

P and RE complex modification of hypereutectic A1-Si alloys was conducted. The influences of P, RE content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of alloys were investigated. The complex modifications of P and RE make the coarse block primary silicon obviously refined and the large needle eutectic silicon modified to the fine fibrous or lamella ones. P mainly refines the primary silicon, but excess P is unfavorable to the refinement of primary silicon. RE can well refine the primary and eutectic silicon, but its modification effect on the eutectic silicon is more obvious. P can repress the modification of RE on the eutectic silicon The alloys with the additions of 0.08% P and 0.60% RE have the optimal microstructure and the highest mechanical properties. Compared with the unmodified alloy, the primary silicon of alloys can be refined from 66.4 μm to 23.3μm and the eutectic silicon can be refined from 8.3 μm to 5.2μm. The tensile strength is improved from 256 MPa to 306 MPa and the elongation is improved from 0.35% to 0.48%.     

添加Ce与P+Sr复合变质对高硅耐热铝合金组织与性能的影响

研究了添加Ce与P+Sr复合变质对Al-21Si-1．5Cu-0．5Mg-2．5Fe合金显微组织与性能的影响。结果表明:添加1．5％Ce使粗大针状铁相消失,形成富Ce富Fe的鱼骨状相;P+Sr复合变质可使初晶硅平均尺寸由70 mm细化到20mm,共晶硅平均截线长降到2．1 mm,合金室温抗拉强度比未变质前提高21．5％,与P+Sr+Ce复合变质的Al-21Si-1．5 Cu-1．5Ni-2．5Fe-0．5Mg合金相当。