北京地区池塘底泥中重金属分布及其污染评价

目的针对北京地区17家养殖池塘底泥中重金属污染状况进行调查及评价重金属生态风险,为水产养殖环境提供理论依据并指导生产。方法使用原子吸收分光光度法测定底泥中Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb、Cd含量,用原子荧光分光光度法测定底泥中Hg、As含量;采用单项污染指数、综合污染指数法及Hakanson潜在生态风险评价方法对养殖池塘底泥中重金属的污染状况分别进行评价。结果 17家池塘底泥中重金属Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb、Cd、As的平均含量分别为17.85、50.27、33.09、14.50、0.06和1.98mg/kg(均以湿基计),Hg未检出;Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg和As处于安全等级,Cu污染处于警戒线,Cr污染处于轻度污染;底泥中重金属的潜在生态风险顺序依次CdCuPbAsCrZn,潜在生态风险危害程度轻微。结论北京地区17家养殖场池塘底泥中重金属含量的蓄积对养殖水产品质量影响较小,适宜水产养殖。     

江西抚州烟区土壤及烟叶重金属污染状况评价

为了弄清江西抚州烟区土壤和烟叶中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn和Hg等重金属含量和污染状况,运用内梅罗指数和相关分析法,对这些重金属元素在土壤和烟叶中的含量进行了测定。结果表明,该烟区土壤中重金属含量总体上低于我国土壤二级标准（GB15618-1995）,但其污染程度已处于警戒线水平,Cd和Hg为烟区土壤主要风险因子。土壤和烟叶中重金属含量顺序分别为Zn> Pb> Cr> Cu> Ni> As> Cd> Hg和Zn> Cu> Pb> Cd> Cr> Ni> As> Hg,土壤中Hg、Cd、As和烟叶中Ni、Cr变异系数均较大。烟叶中重金属富集系数顺序为Cd> Zn> Cu> Hg> Ni> Cr> Pb> As,烟叶Cd富集系数高达11.67,表明烟草属于Cd强烈富集作物。     

冀东典型蔬菜种植区设施土壤重金属特征

目的探究冀东典型蔬菜种植区(唐山市和承德市)设施土壤重金属特征。方法对设施大棚进行调查并采集表层土壤样品,检测其重金属,即镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)含量,并依据HJ/T 333—2006《温室蔬菜产地环境质量评价标准》进行了土壤质量评价。结果除As外,其他重金属均超过河北省土壤背景值(国家环境保护局),最高为Hg,为背景值的3.46倍。Cd与棚龄呈显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。从地理分布来看,Hg呈现西高东低的分布特征,而As、Pb则呈现南高北低的分布特征。从重金属单项质量指数来看,Cd、Hg、As、Cr、Zn均未超标;Cu、Pb超标率分别为7.37%和22.11%,属轻度污染。从重金属综合质量指数看,3.16%的土壤为超标土壤,属轻度污染,超标率较高的区县为隆化县、乐亭县、滦平县、宽城县和滦南县,重金属综合质量指数与土壤pH呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01)。结论冀东典型蔬菜种植区设施土壤存在Cu、Pb的轻度污染现象,后续需要对蔬菜中的Cu、Pb进行调查以评估蔬菜产品的安全性。     

Metal levels in economically important bivalve species from Turkey

Concentrations of eight heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) were determined in economically important bivalve species: oyster (Ostrea edulis), wedge clam (Donax trunculus), manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarium) and warty clam (Venus verrucosa) from the Marmara and Aegean seas. Samples were collected seasonally between 2008 and 2009. Metal levels of bivalves were found in the following ranges: As 0.02–3.40, Cd 0.02–2.80, Cr 0.19–0.82, Cu 0.82–25.06, Hg?<?LOD–0.12, Ni 0.09–0.73, Pb 0.05–4.16 and Zn 6.85–899?mg?kg^?1. The most abundant elements were Zn?>?Cu?>?As. In addition, the results showed that oysters had the highest concentrations of Zn in all seasons. The next abundant heavy metal detected was Cu in oyster and other clam species. It was concluded that in the future, these metals should be monitored regularly.     

Trace element content of fish feed and bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) from aquaculture and wild source in Missouri

Trace element content of fish feed and bluegill sunfish muscles (Lepomis macrochirus) from aquaculture and natural pond in Missouri were determined using the inductively coupled-plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and the direct mercury analyzer (DMA). Dietary intake rates of trace elements were estimated. Dogfish muscle (DORM-2) and lobster hepatopancreas (TORT-2) reference standards were used in trace element recovery and method validations. The average elemental concentrations (mg/kg diet, dry wt.) of fish feed were: As 1.81, Cd 2.37, Co 0.10, Cr 1.42, Cu 8.0, Fe 404, Mn 35.9, Ni 0.51, Pb 9.16, Se 1.71, Sn 20.7, V 0.09, Zn 118 and Hg 0.07. The mean elemental concentrations (μg/kg wet wt.) in bluegill muscles from both aquaculture and wild (in parenthesis) sources were: As 0.36 (0.06), Cd 0.28 (0.01), Co 0.0 (0.0), Cr 0.52 (0.05), Cu 0.38 (0.18), Fe 17.5 (2.43), Mn 0.18 (0.24), Ni 0.18 (0.04), Pb 1.03 (0.04), Se 0.34 (0.30), Sn 0.66 (0.42), V 0.02 (0.01), Zn 6.97 (9.13) and Hg 0.06 (0.24). Kruskal–Wallis chi square indicated significant differences in As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sn, V, Zn and Hg (P < 0.001), Se (P < 0.01) and Mn (P < 0.05) across the sampling locations. Dietary intake rates, estimated from weekly consumption of 228 g of aquaculture and wild bluegills, posed no health risks for approximately 85% of all samples.     

长期沼液灌溉对槟榔芋根区土壤理化性质及重金属含量的影响

目的 探究施用沼液对槟榔芋根区土壤理化性质及重金属含量的影响。方法 采集连续施用沼液6年和未施用沼液的槟榔芋种植地块土壤, 测定土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As共7种重金属的含量并进行污染风险评价, 同时测定土壤的基本理化指标, 分析土壤中重金属含量与土壤理化性质间的相关性。结果 长期沼液灌溉会显著增加槟榔芋根区土壤中有机质、碱解氮和速效钾含量, 但也会导致土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr显著累积, 尤其Cu和Zn含量均超出了GB 15618—2018中规定的风险筛选值。连续施用沼液增加了土壤重金属的综合污染水平和潜在生态风险, 总体呈现轻度污染等级, 具有中等水平的潜在生态风险, 其中Cu对综合污染水平的贡献率最大, Cd和Hg对综合潜在生态风险的贡献率最大。土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr之间可能存在污染同源性, 其含量基本与土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效钾呈极显著正相关, 与速效磷呈显著负相关。结论 沼液还田虽然会提高槟榔芋根区土壤整体养分状况, 但长期沼液灌溉也增加了土壤重金属的污染风险, 尤其是Cu、Cd、Hg可能引起的污染问题要引起重视。     

湘西产猕猴桃重金属含量分析及矿物质营养价值评价

目的了解湘西产猕猴桃中重金属污染状况及评价猕猴桃中矿物质的营养价值。方法从湖南湘西地区采集5种猕猴桃,经消解处理,用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪、原子荧光光度计、可见分光光度计测定其中重金属和矿物质的含量,并根据食品中污染物限量和中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量分别对重金属和矿物质进行评价。结果湘西产猕猴桃中常量元素都以钾含量最高,达到2.52~3.96 mg/g,而钠含量极低,仅为1.08~4.67 mg/kg。在5种猕猴桃中湘西野生的铁、锌含量最高,湘西东红的锰、铜含量最高,凤凰红心的铬、硒含量最高。5种猕猴桃中铅含量为0.0037~0.019 mg/kg,镉含量为0.00070~0.0024 mg/kg,铅、镉、砷和汞的含量均处于较低水平。结论湘西产猕猴桃中铅、镉含量均低于国家标准规定的限量。在正常推荐食用量的情况下,5种猕猴桃中的矿物质无过量摄入风险。猕猴桃能为人体提供丰富的钾、铜、铬,将它们与磷、钙、铁、锌、硒含量较为丰富的食物搭配食用能使各种矿物质总体上摄入更加充足平衡。     

贵州喀斯特地区土壤-辣椒体系重金属元素的生物迁移积累特征

采集喀斯特地区(遵义虾子与贵阳花溪)的辣椒及种植土壤样品,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪检测辣椒和土壤中13种重金属元素(As、Cd、Pb、Hg、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、Tl、Co、Sb、Sn、Mn)的含量,探讨土壤-辣椒体系重金属元素的生物迁移积累特征。结果表明:与HJ/T 332—2006《食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准》相比,土壤中Cd平均含量超标了9.33%,点位超标率为57.89%。与GB 2762—2012《食品中污染物限量》相比,遵义地区辣椒中Cd含量部分超标,超标率为85.71%,花溪地区2个辣椒样品Cr含量超标,分别超标了15.36%和12.18%。辣椒的13种重金属生物富集系数大小顺序为CdCuZnHgSnTlMnSbNiCoCrAsPb,辣椒Cd的生物富集系数为1.138,Pb的生物富集系数为0.001 9。辣椒中Co、Ni、Sn含量与土壤对应金属含量呈显著正相关(P0.05),其余重金属含量与土壤对应元素含量无显著相关性(P0.05)。食用辣椒途径的Cd和Cr每周重金属摄入量远小于世界卫生组织提出的专门针对敏感人群临时性每周人体可耐受摄入量,辣椒Cd、Cr超标不会对人体健康造成影响。在贵州喀斯特Cd高背景值地区种植辣椒应注重辣椒对Cd的富集。     

A survey of selected essential and heavy metals in milk from different regions of Egypt using ICP-AES

The aim of this paper was to assess the content of selected essential metals (Fe, Zn, Cu and Cr) and some heavy metals (Pb and Cd) in raw cow's milk collected from different Egyptian areas during different periods of one year (January–February, May–June and September–October 2009). Twenty-one samples of raw milk were analysed using inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry for quantitative determination. The highest metal accumulation levels for Cd, Cr, Fe and Cu are found in milk samples collected from Shubra, while samples from Menofia and Tanash are high in Pb and Zn, respectively. On the other hand, the highest metal accumulation levels were during January–February for Cd, Cr and Zn. In the period of May–June, the content of Pb, Cu and Fe were the highest, while the samples during the September–October period are characterised by the lowest metal content.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时检测贵州省芸豆中13种元素含量

目的 建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)同时测定贵州芸豆主产地28份芸豆样品中Na、Mg、P、Ca、Cr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg、Pb 13种元素的定量分析方法.方法 采用主成分分析和聚类分析方法分析贵州...     

Trace elements and heavy metals in mineral and bottled drinking waters on the Iranian market

A survey of Iranian waters, sampled from 2010 to 2013, is presented. A total of 128 water samples from 42 different brands of bottled mineral and drinking water were collected and analysed for contamination levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg). Determinations were performed using a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer for Pb, Cd and Cu, a hydride vapour generation as well as an Arsenator digital kit (Wagtech WTD, Tyne and Wear, UK) for As and a direct mercury analyser for Hg. Arsenic concentration in six bottled gaseous mineral samples was higher than the related limit. Regardless of these, mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, As and Hg in all types of water samples were 4.50 ± 0.49, 1.08 ± 0.09, 16.11 ± 2.77, 5.80 ± 1.63 and 0.52 ± 0.03 µg L^?1, respectively. Values obtained for analysed heavy metals in all samples were permissible according to the limits of national and international standards.     

水煮加工对3 种海产贝类中重金属元素形态的影响

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱和原子荧光形态检测法分析宁海、象山、舟山3 个养殖区内常见3 种海产贝类（牡蛎、缢蛏、血蚶）中Cd、Cu、Cr、Pb、As、Hg等重金属的总含量,并采用化学逐级提取法系统研究水煮加工前后贝类中Cd、Cu、Cr、Pb重金属的形态分布和As、Hg中有机和无机的形态分布。结果表明,3 个养殖区牡蛎、缢蛏、血蚶中Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、As均有不同程度的超标,且Cu和Cd、Cr和Pb之间存在显著相关性,As的超标检出率达77.78%,Hg的残留量均低于限量标准;此外金属形态分析研究结果表明,水煮加工方式对Cd、Cu、Cr、Pb中酸可提取态、氧化结合态、有机结合态和残余态的含量影响较大,而对As和Hg的有机态和无机态影响较小。海洋贝类中重金属元素的含量和水煮加工前后该元素形态的变化量可作为评价海洋贝类中重金属生物有效性的指标。     

Concentrations and bioconcentration factors of minerals in yellow-cracking bolete (xerocomus subtomentosus) mushroom collected in noteć forest, poland

Abstract: Yellow‐cracking Bolete (Xerocomus subtomentosus) mushrooms and soil were collected from Note? Forest–a large forested enclave in western part of Poland. Mercury was determined by cold vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy and the other elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. K, P, and Mg were particularly abundant, with mean values of 46000, 8400, and 1100 mg/kg dry weight (dw) in caps followed by Na, Rb, Zn, and Ca with mean concentrations of 580, 350, 200, and 170 mg/kg dw, respectively. In descending order, the mean concentrations of Fe, Al, Cu, and Mn were 52, 49, 46, and 14 mg/kg dw, while the mean for the remaining elements was around 1.0 mg/kg dw or less. The elements such as Ca, Cu, Hg, K, Mg, Na, P, Rb, Zn, Ag, Cd, and Ni were accumulated (with bioconcentration factor (BCF) > 1), while Al, Ba, Fe, Mn, Sr, Co, Cr, and Pb were excluded (BCF < 1) in the fruiting bodies. The Pb and Cd content did not exceed the maximum levels set by the EU for cultivated mushrooms. Mercury in a conventional meal (300 g) portion of Yellow‐cracking Bolete was far below the provisionally tolerable weekly intake of 0.004 mg/kg body weight (bw) as reevaluated recently by WHO. Practical Application: The method presented in this study allows one to determine the content of 20 elements (Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr, and Zn) in caps and stipes of Yellow‐cracking Bolete (Xerocomus subtomentosus) mushrooms and soil samples collected from Poland. This study has revealed that the total Cd, Hg, and Pb dose provided to human body due to consumption of Yellow‐cracking Bolete does not pose threat to a consumer's health.     

阿坝大骨节病区青稞中8种元素的比较分析

目的:探讨阿坝县大骨节病区、消退区、非病区青稞中8种元素的差异。方法:对阿坝县大骨节病区、消退区、非病区青稞中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cr、F8种元素进行对比分析并且将这8种元素与患病率做单相关分析,筛选出与患病率显著相关的元素。结果:Cu含量在病区和消退区之间差异显著;Hg含量在病区与非病区之间差异显著,As和Cr元素在病区、消退区、非病区之间呈递减趋势;与患病率做单相关分析,发现青稞中Cu、Zn含量与患病率呈显著正相关关系。     

临沂植烟土壤重金属空间分布特征与生态健康风险评价

土壤重金属空间分布与风险评价对土壤重金属污染防治具有重要的指导意义。以传统适宜烤烟种植区山东省临沂市为研究对象,通过布点采样和地理信息系统制图,分析了土壤重金属的空间分布以及地区、土类间的差异,采用地积累指数、污染指数分析了土壤重金属富集污染水平,并对土壤重金属潜在生态风险和人体健康风险进行了评价。结果表明,临沂植烟耕层土壤重金属As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn平均含量分别为3.85、0.09、47.56、14.45、0.07、18.04、17.82和29.21 mg/kg;空间分布上,北部、中部和西南地区土壤重金属含量相对较高;8种重金属中仅Cd和Hg在部分土壤中表现出富集和污染;土壤重金属潜在生态风险大小顺序为Hg > Cd > As > Ni > Pb > Cu > Cr > Zn,其中部分土壤Cd和Hg对当地环境具有显著潜在生态风险;而土壤中所有重金属均没有显著的人体健康风险。因此,临沂植烟土壤存在一定程度的Cd和Hg污染风险,应采取措施进行控制。     

贵州云雾茶园土壤高含量重金属和砷在茶叶中的积累与浸出特征

为了研究土壤高含量重金属和砷在茶叶中的积累与浸出行为,选择贵州省云雾土壤高含量重金属和砷茶园,采集了土壤和茶叶样品各46个,对土壤-茶叶-茶汤系统重金属和砷进行分析。结果表明：云雾茶园土壤重金属Cd、Hg和As均有部分超出土壤二级标准限量值,超标率分别为80.4%、69.6%和8.7%,该茶园土壤存在严重的Cd和Hg污染。但是,茶叶和茶汤的重金属和砷并未超标,茶叶对不同土壤重金属和砷的富集能力为Cu＞Cd＞Hg＞Pb＞Cr＞As,茶叶-茶汤系统重金属和砷浸出率最高的元素为Hg,不同重金属和砷的浸出率为Hg＞As＞Cu＞Pb＞Cd＞Cr,Hg和Cu在土壤-茶叶-茶汤系统具有较大富集系数和浸出率。     

辽宁沿海城市海鱼和贝类中重金属含量的测定及评价

经微波消解处理样品,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定辽宁沿海城市常见海鱼和贝类中镉、铬、铜、铅、铁、锌六种元素的含量。其相对标准偏差(RSD)0.53%～4.01%,加标回收率90.0%～110.0%。结果表明:不同地区、不同鱼贝种类中重金属的分布存在差异,所检测鱼贝类中铬、铜、锌含量低于国家限量标准,部分样品中镉、铅含量超标,但低于暂定每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI)。因此辽宁沿海城市市售所检测的鱼贝类可食用,但仍有必要降低摄入量。     

河北烤烟中11种微量元素含量分析

采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法,测定河北省石家庄、保定、蔚县3个烤烟主产区不同部位烟叶样品中11种微量元素(Cr,Co,Ni,Se,Mn,Zn,Cu,As,Cd,Pb,Hg)含量.结果表明:烤烟中微量元素含量呈现地域性差异,Mn,Cu,Zn,As和Pb含量差别较大;不同部位烤烟中各微量元素含量呈现规律性分布,Cu在中、上部叶片含量较高,其余微量元素在下部叶含量较高;Mn在测定的元素中含量最高,具有潜在生理毒性的Cu,Cr,Cd,Pb,Ni,Hg,As含量较低,均达到无公害烟叶生产示范区水平.     

夏枯草中7种重金属元素的测定及污染等级分析

目的 检测夏枯草中铅、镉、汞、砷、铜、锌、铬的含有量,并进行污染等级分析。方法 夏枯草中的7种重金属元素经电感耦合等离子体质谱测定,采用单项指数法和综合指数法对其进行污染等级分析。结果 7种重金属元素在各自浓度范围内呈良好线性,样品加标回收率为84.5%～109.5%,RSD为2.3%～5.1%。将测得的重金属元素结果与《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版等标准规定的限量值进行比较,19批样品中铬元素超标、7批样品中锌元素超标,超标率分别为100.0%、36.8%,其余重金属元素含量均未超标,单项指数从大到小排序为铬、锌、镉、汞、铜、砷、铅,综合污染等级均值为轻度污染及以上。结论 夏枯草主要受铬元素污染,其次是锌元素;该实验可为夏枯草中重金属元素限量标准的起草提供基础数据。     

Partitioning of metal species during an enriched fuel combustion experiment. speciation in the gaseous and particulate phases

Combustion processes are the most important source of metal in the atmosphere and need to be better understood to improve flue gas treatment and health impact studies. This combustion experiment was designed to study metal partitioning and metal speciation in the gaseous and particulate phases. A light fuel oil was enriched with 15 organometallic compounds of the following elements: Pb, Hg, As, Cu, Zn, Cd, Se, Sn, Mn, V, Tl, Ni, Co, Cr, and Sb. The resulting mixture was burnt in a pilot-scale fuel combustion boiler under controlled conditions. After filtration of the particles, the gaseous species were sampled in the stack through a heated sampling tube simultaneously by standardized washing bottles-based sampling techniques and cryogenically. The cryogenic samples were collected at -80 degrees C for further speciation analysis by LT/GC-ICPMS. Three species of selenium and two of mercury were evidenced as volatile species in the flue gas. Thermodynamic predictions and experiments suggest the following volatile metal species to be present in the flue gas: H2Se, CSSe, CSe2, SeCl2, Hg(0), and HgCl2. Quantification of volatile metal species in comparison between cryogenic techniques and the washing bottles-based sampling method is also discussed. Concerning metal partitioning, the results indicated that under these conditions, at least 60% (by weight) of the elements Pb, Sn, Cu, Co, Tl, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Sb mixed to the fuel were found in the particulate matter. For As and Se, 37 and 17%, respectively, were detected in the particles, and no particulate mercury was found. Direct metal speciation in particles was performed by XPS allowing the determination of the oxidation state of the following elements: Sb(V), Tl(III), Mn(IV), Cd(II), Zn(II), Cr(III), Ni(II), Co(II), V(V), and Cu(II). Water soluble species of inorganic Cr, As, and Se in particulate matter were determined by HPLC/ICP-MS and identified in the oxidation state Cr(III), As(V), and Se(IV).