Integrating mobile multimedia into textbooks: 2D barcodes

The major goal of this study was to empirically compare text-plus-mobile phone learning using an integrated 2D barcode tag in a printed text with three other conditions described in multimedia learning theory. The method examined in the study involved modifications of the instructional material such that: a 2D barcode was used near the text, the learner scanned the tag with the camera on his/her mobile phone and reached the animation and narration on the mobile phone's screen. Using this method, we created a new approach that reinforces printed textbooks, which had the poorest retention and transfer results. The results suggest that supporting a printed textbook with camera-equipped mobile devices and 2D barcodes linked to supplemental information, may increase the effectiveness of learning.     

Reducing the spatial distance between printed and online information sources by means of mobile technology enhances learning: Using 2D barcodes

Online information sources, such as pictures and animations on web pages are frequently used for complementing printed course material in educational contexts. The concurrent use of online and printed information sources by students, however, requires going back and forth between physically separated course material, such as a course book and a computer screen, thus leading to suboptimal learning outcomes. Compatible with the principles identified by the recent theoretical frameworks for multimedia learning, mobile technology provides learners with the opportunity to bring online and printed course material close together. Mobile phones make online information available within a small desktop space, in close proximity to printed course material. The challenges that are relevant to text input methods can be overcome by the 2D barcode technology. This study investigates the use of camera-equipped mobile phone and 2D barcode technology as an alternative to the use of computer screen for complementing printed course material. The results of the experimental investigation suggest that, by facilitating the access to online information sources by 2D barcode tags on course books, mobile phones have the potential to enhance learning.     

集成化微光学标签系统的设计与制作

随着物联网技术的广泛应用和手机的普及,为了能低成本、大规模地应用微光学标签,文章根据Bokode标签原理,设计并制作了一种集成化微光学标签系统。它的发射端采用集成化方式,即微型二维码与小透镜阵列集成,接收端可采用普通手机相机接收微型二维码图像,并利用手机中的解码软件来解码。     

3D动画自动生成的学习系统

手机3D动画自动生成系统实现了在计算机辅助的条件下短信动画的全自动生成.本文为手机3D动画自动生成系统设计并实现一个学习系统,该学习系统利用随机森林算法生成一个以用户评价为分类结果的学习模型去指导手机3D动画自动生成系统生成更让用户满意的动画,同时学习系统能够随着手机3D动画自动生成系统的运转不断更新学习模型,最终实现“不断学习”的学习能力.     

面向手机动画的基于注意力机制和卷积神经网络的短信情感分析

2008年,中科院张松懋研究员提出了将3D动画自动生成技术应用在手机短信中.短信情感分析是手机3D动画自动生成系统的一个重要环节.目前系统中使用的方法是传统的机器学习方法,准确率较低,无法达到实用的目的.而近几年,深度学习在情感分析任务中取到了较好的效果,卷积神经网络可以自动提取短信中的语义情感特征,且注意力机制可以自动为词加权获取信息.为此,本文提出将深度学习中的注意力机制和卷积神经网络相结合应用于手机短信自动生成系统中的情感分类.实验表明,基于注意力机制的卷积神经网络比之前的方法准确率、召回率和F值都有明显的提高.     

Mobile English learning: An evidence-based study with fifth graders

Three groups participated in a study on the added value of mobile technology for learning English as a second language for primary school students. The first group had classroom lessons in English about zoo animals and their characteristics. The second group took classroom lessons and worked with a mobile application on location in a public zoo. The third group received the same treatment as the second but, as an extension, was allowed to take the mobile application home for a fortnight. A pre- and a posttest were conducted to measure the individual change in mastery of a set of targeted English words. The results showed that the group which took the mobile phone home improved the most. However, when the additional learning time, spent apart from school, of this third group was controlled for, the superior performance of the group disappeared. The results indicate that students are motivated to use the application in their spare time and that this benefits their learning. The conclusion is that formal school learning can be augmented by learning in an informal context, away from school.     

一种快速的QR码图像去模糊方法

具有摄像功能的手机已经成为一种便捷的二维条码阅读器,但手机因为本身的限制造成拍摄图像模糊,影响了后续的条码识别。本文提出了一种适合在手机平台上的图像盲恢复方法,以QR码识别为应用目的,利用QR码图像的灰度分布特点,通过模糊图像的边缘响应计算得到PSF函数,再进行图像恢复。实验证明,本文提出的方法具有去模糊效果好、计算简单的特点,适合手机等嵌入式平台的实时应用。     

Combining rule-based learning and memory-based learning for automatic word spacing in simple message service

Short message service (SMS) is a widely used service in modern mobile phones that allows users to send or receive short text messages. Current SMS, however, has two problems of inconvenient input and short message length. These problems can be resolved if a phone has an ability of automatic word spacing. This is because users need not put spaces in sending messages and longer messages are possible as they contain no space. Thus, automatic word spacing will be a very useful tool for SMS, if it can be commercially served. The practical issues of implementing it on the devices such as mobile phones are small memory and low computing power of the devices. To tackle these problems, this paper proposes a combined model of rule-based learning and memory-based learning. According to the experimental results, the model shows higher accuracy than rule-based learning or memory-based learning alone. In addition, the generated rules are so small and simple that the proposed model is appropriate for small memory devices.     

Development of a cross-platform ubiquitous language learning service via mobile phone and interactive television*

Abstract This paper describes the development processes for a cross-platform ubiquitous language learning service via interactive television (iTV) and mobile phone. Adapting a learner-centred design methodology, a number of requirements were gathered from multiple sources that were subsequently used in TAMALLE (television and mobile phone assisted language learning environment) development. A number of issues that arise in the context of cross-platform user interface design and architecture for ubiquitous language learning were tackled. Finally, we discuss a multi-method evaluation regime to gauge usability, perceived usefulness and desirability of TAMALLE system. The result broadly revealed an overall positive response from language learners. Although, there were some reported difficulties in reading text and on-screen display mainly on the iTV side of the interface, TAMALLE was perceived to be a usable, useful and desirable tool to support informal language learning and also for gaining new contextual and cultural knowledge.     

无源微型可视化光学标签系统的设计

基于微型二维码标签,通过添加光学器件,给出了一种无源微型可视化光学标签系统的设计方法。该系统的发射端采用反射光的被动发光方式,接收端以普通手机相机为主体,可在相机的前端加置各种光学器件,以使其能准确探测接收微型码元图像,并实现解码。     

A model of the relationship between psychological characteristics,mobile phone addiction and use of mobile phones by Taiwanese university female students

While many researches have analyzed the psychological antecedents of mobile phone addiction and mobile phone usage behavior, their relationship with psychological characteristics remains mixed. We investigated the relationship between psychological characteristics, mobile phone addiction and use of mobile phones for 269 Taiwanese female university students who were administered Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale, Lai’s personality inventory, and a mobile phone usage questionnaire and mobile phone addiction scale. The result showing that: (1) social extraversion and anxiety have positive effects on mobile phone addiction, and self-esteem has negative effects on mobile phone addiction. (2) Mobile phone addiction has a positive predictive effect on mobile phone usage behavior. The results of this study identify personal psychological characteristics of Taiwanese female university students which can significantly predict mobile phone addiction; female university students with mobile phone addiction will make more phone calls and send more text messages. These results are discussed and suggestions for future research for school and university students are provided.     

基于深度学习的图像自动标注算法

图像的自动标注是图像检索领域一项基础而又富有挑战性的任务。深度学习算法自提出以来在图像和文本识别领域取得了巨大的成功,是一种解决"语义鸿沟"问题的有效方法。图像标注问题可以分解为基于图像与标签相关关系的基本图像标注和基于标注词汇共生关系的标注改善两个过程。文中将基本图像标注问题视为一个多标记学习问题,图像的标签先验知识作为深度神经网络的监督信息。在得到基本标注词汇的基础上,利用原始图像标签词汇的依赖关系与先验分布改善了图像的标注结果。最后将所提出的改进的深度学习模型应用于Corel和ESP图像数据集,验证了该模型框架及所提出的解决方案的有效性。     

Mobile phone use while cycling: Incidence and effects on behaviour and safety

The effects of mobile phone use on cycling behaviour were studied. In study 1, the prevalence of mobile phone use while cycling was assessed. In Groningen 2.2% of cyclists were observed talking on their phone and 0.6% were text messaging or entering a phone number. In study 2, accident-involved cyclists responded to a questionnaire. Only 0.5% stated that they were using their phone at the time of the accident. In study 3, participants used a phone while cycling. The content of the conversation was manipulated and participants also had to enter a text message. Data were compared with just cycling and cycling while listening to music. Telephoning coincided with reduced speed, reduced peripheral vision performance and increased risk and mental effort ratings. Text messaging had the largest negative impact on cycling performance. Higher mental workload and lower speed may account for the relatively low number of people calling involved in accidents.

Statement of Relevance: Although perhaps mainly restricted to flat countries with a large proportion of cyclists, mobile phone use while cycling has increased and may be a threat to traffic safety, similar to phone use while driving a car. In this study, the extent of the problem was assessed by observing the proportion of cyclists using mobile phones, sending questionnaires to accident-involved cyclists and an experimental study was conducted on the effects of mobile phone use while cycling.     

Embedding biometric identifiers in 2D barcodes for improved security

Two-dimensional (2D) barcode symbology is an emerging technology used for compactly storing and retrieving information. These barcodes can be found on the back of drivers' licenses and are encoded with secure text data. Standard 2D barcode such as PDF417 uses upper and lowercase alphabets, numeric digits and special characters for encoding. Some barcodes also include a compressed photo of the individual. The visual quality of the compressed image is usually poor and occupies a large amount of space which greatly reduces the capacity needed for encoding text. This paper presents a novel approach for embedding uncompressed images in a standard PDF417 2D barcode using a blind digital watermarking technique. The text is encoded in the standard PDF417 format with error correction, while the face and fingerprint images are watermarked in the encoded 2D barcode. Experimental results show that the proposed technique effectively increased the standard capacity of the PDF417 2D barcode without altering the contents of the encoded data. The results also show that the visual quality of the extracted photo image is high. The extracted fingerprint image when compared with the original fingerprint using an AFIS system yielded a high matching score.     

在手机与PC间收发二维条码的研究与实现

在无线身份认证系统中,为了保证安全,要把认证信息以二维条码的形式传递。介绍了QR Code二维条码和蓝牙技术,给出了在Symbian智能移动平台和Windows平台通过蓝牙传递条码信息的实现方案。该方案先在手机端发布串口服务,然后在Windows下使用蓝牙套接字,建立蓝牙连接,传递二维条码信息。实验表明,由于在建立蓝牙连接过程中采取了鉴权、授权和对条码信息加密等措施,保证了信息安全、可靠的传递。     

基于朴素贝叶斯Web新闻内容的抽取方法

针对网页信息自动抽取问题,提出一种将网页按标记分块并根据朴素贝叶斯理论从中识别新闻正文的方法。该方法将各分块的标记信息、文本相似度以及字长特征作为机器学习的特征属性。为提高标记属性的表征作用,减少相关标记之间的干扰,算法采用χ2检验法来检验标记属性之间以及标记属性与类别之间的相关性并实现属性约减。新闻正文抽取过程中同时考虑正文与非正文分块的后验概率,以提高抽取准确率。实验结果表明,选取适当的参数值,抽取新闻正文的准确率达到85%。      

基于Android平台的手机考试练习系统

系统发挥智能手机的便于携带等特点,实现一套Android手机客户端软件和完善的后台服务功能来完成考试练习功能.该系统主要包括后台数据库服务器、WEB服务器、Android前端等部分.客户端Android系统智能手机具有前端处理与计算能力,而且可以通过网络访问服务器,向服务器上传成绩或者下载新试卷.介绍了系统架构的设计与实现,给出了部分设计代码.实践表明系统实现了随时随地的学习,受到了用户的欢迎,达到了预期目标.     

Trainee teachers’ mental effort in learning spreadsheet through self-instructional module based on Cognitive Load Theory

A printed module should consist of media elements, namely text and pictures, which are self-instructional and could cater to the needs of the user. However, the typical platform of such visualization frequently overloads the limited working memory causing split attention and redundancy effects. The purpose of this study is to design and develop a printed self-instructional module based on Cognitive Load Theory in learning. Media elements are presented with minimal cognitive demands with an action- and task-oriented approach. Utilizing a modified Solomon Group design on 113 trainee teachers selected using purposive sampling, the effectiveness of the developed module was compared to the conventional module. Independent sample t-tests conducted to compare the time of completion in performance between the Control Group working on the conventional module and Group 2 working on the developed module show significant statistical differences in pre- and post-activities. Group 2 reported lower cognitive load scores on the rating scale and graphical plots using computational approach showed higher instructional efficiency. Thus, results show that trainees working on the developed printed module were able to perform faster and better with lower mental effort and had higher performance.     

基于Android的移动课件研究与设计

对移动学习的相关理论知识与技术方法进行了研究,以算法与数据结构课程为例,采用服务器结合客户端的模式设计了基于Android的移动课件。该课件在Android手机上顺利通过了测试,并且在计算机专业学生中应用,取得了良好的教学效果。     

Coevolutionary design of a watermark embedding scheme and an extraction algorithm for detecting replicated two-dimensional barcodes

Two-dimensional barcodes (2D codes) are currently used to authenticate airplane boarding passes and online payments. However, little attention has been paid to the malicious replication or fabrication of 2D codes. In a previous study, the authors have proposed a semi-fragile watermark to distinguish an authentic 2D code from a replicated one and have attempted to design the watermarking scheme automatically using optimization. The optimization of a watermark extraction algorithm and watermarking scheme for stable watermark extractions from 2D codes displayed on various display types is the actual desire. However, it is difficult to formulate the two tasks, as a unified optimization problem and solve it with an optimization algorithm because the two problems have different structures and properties. Consequently, this study proposes a sparsely synchronized heterogeneous coevolutionary method for the simultaneous optimization of a watermark embedding scheme and extracting algorithm to detect the replication of 2D codes displayed on mobile phone screens. Experimental results have shown that the proposed method can design a watermark with desirable semi-fragileness that works well on different types of mobile phone displays.