钛合金激光焊缝的超塑性变形行为及显微组织

通过高温拉伸试验研究Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)合金激光焊缝的纵向超塑性变形行为,采用扫描电镜观察超塑性变形前后焊缝的显微组织.结果表明:TC4钛合金激光焊缝具有良好的超塑性变形能力,在900 ℃、10~(-3) s~(-1)工艺条件下伸长率达到最大值397%;在超塑性变形过程中,原始焊缝的针状马氏体首先转变为片层状的α+β组织,而后片层组织发生再结晶等轴化;随着变形温度升高或应变速率降低,等轴化程度增大.     

氢对Ti-6Al-4V合金组织及超塑变形行为的影响

应用光学显微镜研究氢对Ti-6Al-4V显微组织的影响,并在温度800℃～860℃和应变速率10-3s-1的变形条件下进行超塑拉伸实验。结果表明,随着氢含量的增加,β相的比例提高,且由等轴组织转变为双态组织,随着氢含量的进一步增加,在α相中形成了氢化物;同时,适量的氢可以显著降低Ti-6Al-4V合金峰值应力,置氢0.32wt%H,其峰值流动应力降低了约55%;此外,适量置氢可以显著降低Ti-6Al-4V合金的超塑性变形温度,较原始合金最佳超塑变形温度可降低60℃～100℃,置氢0.11wt%H,在840℃获得了1190%的延伸率,较相同条件下的原始合金延伸率提高75%。文章研究结果可为超塑成形、超塑成形/扩散连接工艺及生产提供优化参考。     

钛合金超音频直流脉冲GTAW焊缝组织性能

基于1.5 mm厚Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)钛合金平板对接试验,研究分析了超音频直流脉冲氩弧焊焊缝金相组织及焊接接头力学性能.结果表明,与常规直流钨极氩弧焊(gas tungsten arc welding,GTAW)相比,由于超音频直流脉冲方波电流的作用,气泡逸出速度增大,Ti-6Al-4V钛合金焊缝的气孔敏感性降低,熔池高温液态金属流动性增强,电弧能量集中,焊缝晶粒细化明显,其亚晶组织以短棒状a’马氏体组成的网篮状组织或a’片状组织与短棒状a’相交织的状态为主,焊接接头断后伸长率和断面收缩率显著提高.     

变形工艺对TC11钛合金超塑性的影响

为了研究TC11(Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si)钛合金的超塑性变形行为,采用两种改锻工艺细化坯料原始组织,然后在电子拉伸试验机上分别以恒速、恒应变速率和最大m值法进行拉伸实验.结果表明,TC11钛合金在α+β区通过三维镦拔改锻工艺,可以获得晶粒度为6μm的细晶等轴组织,而在β区拔长改锻的组织为粗大的魏氏组织.在变形温度为900℃的条件下,TC11钛合金通过最大m值超塑变形方式获得了异常高的超塑性,最大伸长率达到2300%;而采用常规的恒应变速率和恒速超塑变形,伸长率分别为1147%和1100%.说明TC11钛合金在α+β区通过三维镦拔改锻细化晶粒后,以最大m值超塑变形是获得较好超塑性的有效方法.     

Fatigue Performance of Gas Tungsten Arc, Electron Beam, and Laser Beam Welded Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Joints

Titanium alloys have been successfully applied for aerospace, ship, and chemical industries because they possess many good characteristics such as high strength to weight ratio, superior corrosion resistance, and excellent high temperature resistance. Though these alloys show reasonable weldability characteristics, the joint properties are greatly influenced by the welding processes. The evaluation and prediction of fatigue life are very important for the welded joints to avoid catastrophic failure particularly in titanium alloys. This article compares the fatigue performance of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by gas tungsten arc welding, laser beam welding, and electron beam welding processes. The resultant fatigue properties of the welded joints are correlated with the tensile properties and microstructural characteristics. Of the three processes considered the joint welded by laser beam welding exhibits higher fatigue limit when compared with the other two processes due to the presence of fine lamellar microstructure in the weld metal region.     

细晶Ti-6Al-4V宽幅板材的超塑性变形机理及组织演变

通过恒应变速率拉伸试验,在1103~1223 K温度范围、3.2×10-4~1×10-2s-1应变速率范围内,研究了Ti-6Al-4V宽幅板材的超塑性,在实验中获得了100%-604%的延伸率。分析了组织演变和变形机理,结果表明,其主要变形机理为晶界滑移,以晶内位错运动和β相的晶内滑移为协调机制。实验中还发现在低温下变形时,Ti-6Al-4V宽幅板材存在各向异性,当在高温下变形时,各向异性不太明显。     

Thermal cycle and its influence on the microstructure of laser welded butt joint of 8 mm thick Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Ti-6Al-4V alloy is extensively used in the manufacture of components in aviation. In the current study, the laser welding process is adopted to joint the Ti-6Al-4V alloy plate which has the thick of 8 mm. A three-dimensional finite element model is established to simulate the temperature distribution of laser welding process. The thermal cycle curves are produced on the strength of the simulation results. Meanwhile, the microstructure characteristics of the welded joint are investigated combined with simulation results. The results show that weld zone, heat affected zone and based metal experience similar thermal cycles process and the cooling rate has an important influence on the formation of microstructure. Moreover, the simulation results are well matched with experiment results.     

The GTAW of Ti-6Al-4V castings and its effect on microstructural and mechanical properties

The gas-tungsten arc welding of Ti-6Al-4V investment castings is an integral part of titanium casting processing due to the need to repair casting defects. It is speculated that the refined alpha/beta microstructure produced by faster solidification of the weld metal can affect the static and dynamic properties of the casting. This report examines the effects of weld repair on microstructure and mechanical properties. For more information, contact James Ault, PCC Structurals, 4600 SE Harney Drive, Portland, Oregon 97206-0898; (503) 788-5456; fax (503) 777-8857.     

钛合金激光焊接接头超塑变形组织演变表征

研究了超塑性变形过程中TC4钛合金激光焊接接头各区域显微组织演变规律,并对相关参数进行表征。结果表明,随着超塑性变形的进行,接头内针状马氏体组织发生α′→α+β相变,同时针状组织长大为片层,接头各区域显微组织逐渐均匀化,促进超塑性变形的进行;随着变形的进行,等轴化率逐渐升高;随着变形温度的升高或初始应变速率的降低等轴化率逐渐上升,促进焊缝超塑性变形的进行。提出采用平均晶粒尺寸来表征热影响区组织的转变程度。随着变形的进行,平均晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,随变形温度的升高或初始应变速率的降低平均晶粒尺寸减小,这有利于接头组织的均匀化。     

5A90铝锂合金电子束焊接头超塑性变形组织演变

对5A90铝锂合金电子束焊接头进行高温拉伸试验,使用光学显微镜观察试样变形过程中的组织演变,并对变形机理进行分析.结果表明,超塑性变形初期,接头超塑性变形机制以扩散导致的晶界迁移为主,焊缝细小等轴晶粒迅速长大.当应变大于100%时,接头中大晶粒开始发生动态再结晶,超塑性变形机制转变为动态再结晶机制.在超塑性变形过程中热影响区平均晶粒尺寸与焊缝平均晶粒尺寸逐渐接近,组织存在耦合均匀化过程.提出采用均匀化系数K来表征焊缝与热影响区的组织均匀化程度,随着变形的进行,K值逐渐升高.     

细晶粒钛合金GTAW焊缝成形性能分析

通过常规及细晶粒Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的GTAW试验,对比了不同焊接工艺时两种钛合金的焊缝成形.结果表明,由于细晶钛合金晶粒细化,晶界增多,而使热导率降低,焊接过程中晶界对热量传导的阻碍作用变大,这就使得细晶粒钛合金的焊接参数范围变窄,在很大的电流参数范围内,细晶粒钛合金的焊缝成形性能均比常规钛合金差很多;但是在一个较窄的电流变化围内,细晶钛合金的焊缝成形性能优于常规钛合金,超出此范围,成形较差;并讨论了可能的影响因素;针对文中的试件规格推荐了一个最优的焊接电流参数为47～48 A.

Abstract：

Fine grain titanium alloy is used extensively in aerospace and ailrraft because of its excellent comprehensive properties and outstanding machinability. Fine grain Ti-6Al-4V alloy and common grain Ti-6Al-4V alloy were welded by tungsten iner-gas arc welding( GTAW) respectively. Welding parameters and appearance of two Ti-6Al-4V alloys welded were investigated. The results indicate that the heat conductivity impediment of grain boundary strengthened because of fine grain Ti-6Al-4V alloy grains refinement and grain boundary increasing. Thus, its coefficient of heat conductivity is decreasing . Camparing with appearance of common grain Ti-6Al-4V alloy, when the range of welding current parameter was wide, the appearance of fine grain Ti-6Al-4V alloy was bad. However, when the range of welding current parameters was narrow relatively, the appearance of fine grain Ti-6Al-4V alloy welded was better than the one of common grain Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The possible influencing factors were discussed. At last, according to the specimen size, an optimal welding current parameter(47 ～ 48) A was recommended.     

Ti-23Al-17Nb激光焊接接头的组织性能研究

通过室温和高温拉伸性能测试研究焊后热处理和同步预热对Ti-23Al-17Nb(原子分数,下同)合金CO_2激光焊接接头性能的影响.结果表明,接头室温和高温拉伸性能低,焊后真空热处理提高接头室温和高温拉伸性能,仍低于母材;同步预热接头室温强度和塑性与母材相当,高温强度与焊后热处理效果相当.组织分析显示,焊缝存在两个腐蚀衬度区,组织为B2相,热影响区晶粒由熔合线到母材逐渐细化,焊后热处理和同步预热改变β相基体上α2相的析出.     

热力因素对合金元素在Ti-24Al-15Nb-1．5Mo／TC4焊接界面上扩散规律的影响

研究了2种状态的金属间化合物基合金Ti-24Al-15Nb-1．5Mo与TC4钛合金毛坯经真空电子束焊接后，锻造温度、热处理制度、变形量等热力因素以及它们的交互作用对合金元素Al，Nb，V在焊接界面上扩散规律的影响。研究发现：增加变形和提高热处理温度，可以增大原子迁移的动能，有利于提高合金元素的扩散速度，均匀焊缝显微硬度：加大变形量，有利于提高品格畸变能并细化晶粒、改变相的形态、减小相的尺寸，缩短合金元素的扩散路程。Nb在重新凝固区Ti-24Al-15Nb-1．5Mo一侧浓度高于合金的名义成分是由于在焊缝区α2→α变化时，Nb从DO19结构点阵中扩散出来，填补Al，Mo扩散后的空位，造成局部堆积所致。变形后热处理规范的不同，导致焊缝区的显微硬度不同，这与热处理过程中显微组织变化有关。     

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金搅拌摩擦焊缝的织构(英文)

采用W-Re合金搅拌头对α+β双相Ti-6Al-4V钛合金进行搅拌摩擦焊并在合适的工艺参数下获得无缺陷焊缝,利用取向成像显微镜对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金搅拌摩擦焊缝的织构进行研究。Ti-6Al-4V钛合金母材为轧制退火态,组织由变形的初生α相和转变β组织构成,具有典型的轧制织构。焊核区组织与母材明显不同,由大量的等轴动态再结晶晶粒组成,并在搅拌摩擦焊过程中形成{φ1=30°,φ=62°,φ2=30°}取向的织构。     

Effects of Microstructural Factors on Adiabatic Shear Behaviors of Ti6441 Alloys

针对Ti-6Al-4V-4Zr-Mo(Ti6441)合金采用不同的热处理工艺得到等轴和片层2种微观组织,使用分离式Hopkinson Bar技术对2种组织的试样进行动态剪切试验,研究微观组织对该合金绝热剪切敏感性的影响。结果表明:相同加载条件下,片层组织绝热剪切敏感性较等轴组织低;2种组织动态强度接近,但片层组织较等轴组织具有更好的动态延展性;片层组织试样中的绝热剪切带出现分叉现象,从而可以消耗更多的变形能。     

Ti—55M高温Ti合金焊缝塑性的改善

考察了Ti-55M高温Ti合金焊接接头力学性能,结果显示焊缝在明显的室脆性,探讨了Ti-55M焊缝室温塑性的各种影响因素,尝试使用调整焊缝化学成分的方法改善Ti-55M焊缝的塑性,选择ELI级Ti-5Al-2.5Sn焊丝、配合脉冲氩弧焊工艺和适当的焊后热处理制度、获得的焊缝塑性接近母材的塑性,接头的室温和高温强度以及高温持久等重要性能能够满足母材技术指标要求。     

Study on Ultra-sonic Frequency Pulse TIG of Titanium Alloy

Ti-6Al-4V alloy is used extensively in aerospace and aircraft because of its excellent comprehensive properties and outstanding machinability. Ti-6Al-4V alloy was welded by conventional tungsten iner-gas arc welding (TIG) and ultra-sonic frequency pulse TIG welding (U-TIG) respectively. The welding quality was tested by X-ray, and the mechanical properties of welded joint were tested , the microstructure and the fracture appearance of welded joint were observed by means of optical microscope and SEM .The re...     

Ti / Al TIG微熔钎焊界面行为及接头断裂行为

以TIG电弧为热源,AlSi5焊丝为填充材料,采用SEM、EDS、XRD对Ti-6Al-4V(TC4)钛合金和AlMg6铝合金异种材料TIG微熔钎焊的接头、温度场以及断裂行为进行了研究。试验表明:焊接接头铝母材侧具备TIG填丝熔化焊特征,Ti母材处为钎焊特征。峰值温度的升高能够增加界面层厚度,峰值温度升高,界面层组织趋于复杂。降低高温停留时间能够减小界面层厚度,但随着峰值温度增加,过快的冷却速度会产生较大的内应力,形成贯穿界面的裂纹。钛/铝TIG微熔钎焊的断裂,铝侧发生的断裂是韧性+脆性的混合型断裂,气孔及微裂纹为断裂起源。钛合金的母材过量溶解或者熔化,会导致气孔直径增加,应严格控制热输入量及钛母材的熔化。     

Effect of welding processes on joint characteristics of Ti–6Al–4V alloy

Abstract

Although Ti–6Al–4V alloys show reasonable weldability characteristics, the joint properties are greatly influenced by the welding processes. Microstructures and tensile and impact properties of welded Ti–6Al–4V alloy were evaluated for high vacuum electron beam welding, CO₂ laser beam welding and gas tungsten arc welding. The resultant tensile and impact properties of the welded joints are correlated with the weld metal microstructure and hardness. The results indicate that the electron beam welding is more suitable for Ti–6Al–4V sheet welding and the welding seam without defects can be obtained. The full penetration butt welds are obtained by gas tungsten arc welding process, but they have many drawbacks such as wide weld seam, big deformation and coarse grains. Laser beam welding has many advantages such as the narrowest weld seam, the least deformation and the finest grains, but it should be studied again for the reasons of unstable welding technologies and strict condition.     

Ti-22Al-25Nb与TC11异种钛合金的线性摩擦焊接

通过Ti-22Al-25Nb(Ti2AlNb基合金)与TC11((α+β)钛合金)的线性摩擦焊接,研究焊接工艺参数对接头外貌及界面结合率的影响,观察接头附近显微组织,并测试了其显微硬度。结果表明,随着焊接工艺参数,如摩擦时间、摩擦频率和摩擦压力的提高,接头的结合率显著提高;在焊接和随后的冷却过程中,TC11合金侧的热影响区域发生了α→β→α′相变,形成的大量针状马氏体α′相使焊缝区的显微硬度值显著增大;Ti-22Al-25Nb合金侧的热影响区域主要发生了(O,α2)→B2/β相变,随着O相和α2相的减少,该区域金属的显微硬度值显著降低。在合适的工艺条件下,线性摩擦焊接Ti-22Al-25Nb合金与TC11合金能够形成质量完好的焊接接头。