支撑双层类脂膜电极的温度补偿方法

提出了一种基于支撑双层类脂膜（S-BLM）电导的电极过程温度补偿方法。利用S-BLM电导传感器测试系统,研究了S-BLM电导与温度的关系。在线性假设的前提下,用最小二乘参数估计法,推导了S-BLM电导传感器特性曲线的斜率、截距与温度的线性方程,进而根据传感器曲线特性得到了S-BLM电极过程的温度补偿模型,并给出了LabVIEW平台下的实现方法。通过对线性假设的效果检验及精度分析,以及通过温度补偿模型的实际测试,证实了本文提出方法的有效性和实用性。     

岩石爆破孔壁动态初始压力测试系统研究

本文根据锰钢压阻传感器耐高压,频响特性好和温度系数小等特点,建立了一套以锰铜压阻传感器为主要测试折岩石爆破孔壁动态初始压力测试系统。     

串联发射弹丸内弹道力学特性测试方法研究

针对小口径高射频串联发射弹丸的内弹道力学特性测试问题,提出了基于弹载存储测试技术的弹底压力、弹前压力同步测试方法。设计了模拟弹和小型聚偏二氟乙烯(polyvinylidene difluoride, PVDF)压电式力传感器,将力传感器作为底螺与头螺部件承受并测量弹底压力与弹前压力,在发射过载条件下进行了传感器力学分析并推导了受力与输出的关系方程;分析了传力块的质量、厚度,PVDF薄膜的厚度、面积对传感器动态特性和温升的影响;进行了力传感器灵敏度理论建模与分析并开展了标定试验。结果表明,PVDF薄膜预紧力越大,传感器灵敏度越小。开展了串联发射试验,测试结果和内弹道数值模拟计算结果吻合较好。     

压力传感器动态特性实验研究

通过对压力传感器循环寿命试验前后动态特性的测试和分析,用实验方法研究了压力传感器动态特性变化。结果表明,循环寿命试验前后,压力传感器的静态特性基本保持不变,而动态特性却发生了较大变化。因此,对用于动态压力测试的传感器进行定期动态特性校准非常必要;对用于高频、高周次动态压力测试的传感器,在实际使用前进行循环老化试验可以提高动态压力测量结果的准确性。     

钳压法制作的同轴电缆法布里-珀罗传感器

为研究同轴电缆法布里-珀罗干涉(CCFPI)传感器的钳压法制作工艺,模拟不同结构参数对CCFPI传感器信号质量的影响,分析得出CCFPI反射点的绝缘层外径宜在1.4~2 mm范围内,钳压变形长度不应小于2 mm,反射点一致性对信号质量影响显著;模拟电缆拉伸过程,观察到信号频移对电缆应变呈现良好的线性反应。依据模拟结果制作CCFPI传感器,并进行传感性能测试。试验结果表明:CCFPI传感器测得的应变值始终与千分表吻合良好,二者拟合斜率为1.004 92,相关系数为0.998 67,且在小应变范围内CCFPI传感器的测量数据与光纤光栅吻合良好,说明该传感器的测量结果真实可靠;同时观察到CCFPI传感器的分辨率可达110με,失效应变为140 000με。     

基于相位法的色标传感器动态响应特性测试与分析

目的 研究色标传感器的动态响应特性。方法 采用相位法测试色标传感器的动态响应特性;以嵌入式工业触摸屏为控制核心, 与色标传感器、 富士伺服电机、 伺服驱动器和编码器组成测试装置, 间接测试动态响应时间; 用MATLAB软件处理实验数据, 分析其动态特性。结果 在动态响应时间内, 根据基于触摸屏的相位法, 测得动态响应时间为2 ms, 其系统为一阶系统。结论 该测试方法简单可靠, 可以测出各种传感器的动态响应时间, 并可以判断其系统特性。     

C形环小试样疲劳裂纹扩展试验方法与应用

航空航天、核反应堆工程等重要工程结构的安全控制对材料断裂性能有重要需求,小尺寸试样断裂韧性测试需求日益凸显。该文提出了一套用于小尺寸构件疲劳裂纹扩展速率测试的C形环小试样试验方法,设计了试样构形和试验夹具,并基于有限元分析和柔度法理论,建立了C形环小试样裂纹长度预测公式和应力强度因子K的表达式。对于低压转子材料26NiCrMoV11-5钢,采用C形环小试样和标准CT试样完成了疲劳裂纹扩展试验,获得了材料的疲劳裂纹扩展特性,并讨论了新方法的有效性。     

大型硅晶片平面度精密纳米计量技术

描述了一种基于斜率传感器的大型硅晶片平面度扫描测量系统．采用二维斜率传感器对晶片表面扫描，以获得表面绕X和Y轴的倾斜度．斜率传感器装在X向滑板上，而晶片固定在可绕Z轴转动的主轴上．对斜率传感器Y向的输出积分，得到晶片表面各个同心圆上轮廓截面高度．对斜率传感器X向的输出积分，得到晶片表面沿X向的截面轮廓，从而获得各同心圆轮廓之间的关系．构建了一个包括基于自准直原理的小型斜率传感器、气浮主轴、气浮导轨的实验系统，提出一种斜率传感器现场标定方法，用此系统测量了直径300mm的硅晶片平面度。     

柔性传感冲击波瞬态压力测试方法

针对爆炸场冲击波毁伤效应评估需求,研究一种柔性传感冲击波瞬态压力测试方法。在平面或弧面基底上研制专用的PVDF柔性薄膜传感器,通过存储测试技术记录压力信号,此方法适用于爆炸现场不同环境的测试。通过激波管校准系统分析薄膜传感器的动态特性,上升时间为100μs,可用于测量爆炸场冲击波压力。研制适用于柔性传感器的微型存储测试系统,以FPGA为控制核心,体积小于1 cm3,采样速率为1 MHz,存储容量为1 Mbit。利用小当量爆炸物进行冲击波的压力测试试验,结果表明,测试系统可初步应用于瞬态压力测试,可通过改进薄膜粘接工艺改善动态性能。     

箔式镱应力传感器的动态压阻特性研究

利用空气炮对研制的箔式镱应力传感器的动态压阻特性进行了校准,给出了传感器响应的校准拟合直线方程和线性误差,表明该传感器具有量程范围宽、频响高、线性度较高、温度系数小等特点,可广泛应用于强冲击荷载下混凝土或岩石等介质中的应力测试.     

All-Dielectric Electrooptic Sensor Based on a Polymer Microresonator Coupled Side-Polished Optical Fiber

A novel electrooptic (EO) electric field (E-field) sensor based on side-polished fiber coupled with an EO polymer microring resonator is proposed and demonstrated. An EO polymer waveguide with a ring shape is fabricated on the polished flat of an optical fiber. Light in the fiber evanescently couples into the resonator and forms resonant modes for certain wavelengths and produces notches in the output intensity of the fiber. External electric fields change the index of refraction of the ring waveguide and therefore dither its resonant wavelengths. For light of wavelength on the slope of a resonance notch, a change in the output intensity can be detected. The sensor is all dielectric without metal layers to distort the measured E-field. The resonant structure allows the sensor to potentially have much higher sensitivity than other electrooptic sensors based on Mach-Zehnder or polarization modulation. Since electrooptic polymers have higher electrooptic coefficients, lower dielectric constants and faster electrooptic responses than inorganic crystals, higher sensitivity, lower invasiveness, and higher bandwidth of E-field sensing can be expected. This sensor eliminates unreliable fiber-to-waveguide butt coupling as well as the high propagation loss encountered in the long straight EO polymer waveguides of sensors based on Mach-Zehnder structures. By using the fiber itself as the supporting substrate of the ring waveguide, the sensor can have small size and low disturbance to the measured electric field. The concept is demonstrated using AJLS103 EO polymer. A sensitivity of 100 mV/m has been achieved at frequencies up to 550 MHz (limited by the measurement system)     

Computer simulation of MR response to transverse magnetic fields

The magnetoresistive (MR) response of an MR sensor with shields to a uniform applied field was calculated through a micromagnetic simulation, and the results were compared with those from an MR sensor without shields. A uniform longitudinal field, resulting from boundary pinning by exchange-biased antiferromagnetic films, was applied to the MR films of the two sensors. There are three differences between the MR sensors with and without shields: first, the slope of the MR response with shields near an applied field of zero is smaller than the slope of the response without shields. Second, the response of the shielded MR sensor has no subpeak, while the response of the unshielded MR sensor has a subpeak. Third, the output of the shielded MR sensor hardly decreases in a large field (1000 Oe), while the output of the unshielded MR sensor quickly falls to a small value in a field of 300 Oe. These differences are due to attenuated magnetic fields in the gap between the two shields except near the air bearing surface (ABS)     

基于组织液超滤提取的MEMS血糖检测传感器

基于超滤原理提取组织液、并对其进行后续葡萄糖检测,是实现长期血糖持续监测的一种有效途径．本文提出一种可用于组织液超滤提取及葡萄糖持续检测的传感器微系统．该系统主要由微流控底座和葡萄糖传感器芯片组成．其中微流控底座由PDMS微通道、SU一8单向阀等微加工器件组成,在压力作用下可完成组织液提取及将检测过的组织液排出的功能．采用体硅加工方法制作葡萄糖传感器芯片微型腔体及腔体底部的微孔膜,研制出具有扩散控制功能的三电极检测芯片,并在其上通过琼脂糖包埋方法固定葡萄糖氧化酶、基于电化学原理实现葡萄糖浓度的检测．实验结果表明,该系统可以实现液体的灵活提取,并且葡萄糖检测响应时间小于5s,在0．4V工作电压下线性测量范围达0．2～20mmol／L,灵敏度为9．76nA／（mmol·L-1）,相关系数为0．9954．多次测量5mmoL／L样本,差异系数3．48％．可见该传感系统具有较好的稳定性,并且体积小、易于集成,有望用于组织液灵活提取及其葡萄糖持续监测．     

Temperature measurements using a monofilamentary superconducting NbTi wire in the current sharing state

A graphical method for determining temperature below 10 K using properties of superconductors is reported. A small superconducting wire which has known current/voltage characteristics can be used as a temperature sensor. This method exhibits many advantages such as a relatively fast response time and a large signal for small temperature changes. By assuring good thermal contact between the sensor and the object, the temperature of which is to be measured, and a thermal insulation between the sensor and the helium bath, it is possible to have a very accurate measurement. For comparison, we have measured the temperature of a copper block with this sensor and with a calibrated carbon resistor.     

A fluorescent chemosensor for sodium based on photoinduced electron transfer

A new optical sensor suitable for practical measurement of sodium in serum and whole blood samples is described. The optical sensor is based on a novel PET (photoinduced electron transfer) fluoroionophore immobilized in a hydrophilic polymer layer. The design concept of the fluoroionophore follows the receptor-spacer-fluorophore approach to sensor design using intramolecular PET-based signal transduction. Key to the development of this sensor is the identification of a nitrogen-containing, sodium-binding ionophore, coupled with a fluorophore having the correct spectral and electron-accepting properties. The slope of the sensor is approximately 0.5%/mM in the typical clinically significant range of 120-160 mM. This sensor has been implemented into a disposable cartridge, used for a commercially available critical care analyzer (Roche OPTI CCA) with precision better than +/- 1 mM (1 SD). The sensor displays excellent stability against hydrolysis and oxidation, leading to slope changes <5% after 9 months wet storage at 30 degrees C. On the basis of this design concept, fluoroionophores for other cations such as potassium, calcium and magnesium can be prepared by substitution of the ionophore.     

Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Chemiresistors: Does the Nanoscale Matter?

Sensor technology is one of the most important key technologies of the future with a constantly increasing number of applications, both in the industrial and in the private sectors. More and more gas sensors are used for the control of technical processes, in environment monitoring, healthcare, and automobiles. Consequently, the development of fast and sensitive gas sensors with small cross sensitivity is the subject of intense research, propelled by strategies based on nanoscience and -technology. Established systems can be improved and novel sensor concepts based on bottom-up approaches show that the sensor properties can be controlled by molecular design. This Review highlights the recent developments and reflects the impact of nanoscience on sensor technology.     

The theoretical output of a ring core fluxgate sensor

This article proves that the output from a ring core sensor is directly proportional to the first time derivative of the product of dynamic permeability and magnetic intensity perturbation within the core caused by an external, uniform magnetic field. (Dynamic permeability is defined to be the slope of the hysteresis loop at a given point in time.) Assuming that ellipsoidal shells can approximate the core, the demagnetization factor can be "estimated" in the first order to be proportional to the first power of the quantity tape thickness (or number of wraps) divided by the core diameter. The constant of proportionality is determined from laboratory data. When an additional scale adjustment is applied to the resulting sensor output formula, the computed output tracks laboratory data for a range of sensor geometries.     

复杂环境下高边坡控制爆破

横琴新区环岛西路南段高边坡爆破工程周围环境复杂且开挖边坡较高。为确保高边坡稳定,同时控制爆破有害效应,采用预裂爆破和台阶爆破相结合的爆破技术,通过缩小预裂孔孔距、适当增加填塞长度、采取间隔装药和预留保护层等措施,达到了确保高边坡稳定,边坡面平整度高的要求。     

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor System With Two-Level Ring Architecture

This investigation proposes a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system with a two-level ring architecture. The survivability and capacity of a FBG for a multipoint sensor system are enhanced by adding remote nodes and optical switches in the two-level ring architecture. Additionally, to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the sensor system, a fiber ring laser approach is utilized to construct the proposed two-level ring architecture. The fiber ring laser adopted herein yields the high SNR of the sensor system. The proposed system can increase the reliability of FBG sensor systems for multipoint smart structures.