304不锈钢高温非比例多轴棘轮行为实验研究

为了对材料的高温棘轮行为进行精确的本构描述,在350℃和700℃下,对304不锈钢的单轴和非比例多轴棘轮行为进行了系统的实验研究.讨论了材料在不同加载路径以及不同工况下的棘轮变形特性,揭示了304不锈钢非比例多轴棘轮行为的平均应力和应力幅值依赖性,以及温度依赖性和路径依赖性.     

304不锈钢高温多轴非比例循环棘轮行为的粘塑性本构描述

对304不锈钢600℃下的非比例循环棘轮行为进行了系统的实验研究，在统一粘塑性循环本构模型的框架下对其进行本构描述，模型中，通过随动硬化背应力演化和各向同性变形阻力演化，对304不锈钢在非对称应力循环下的循环附加硬化流动特性进行模拟，在等温条件下，在各向同性变形阻力演化方程中引入温度项来考虑温度效应，在随动硬化应力演化方程中引入动态恢复项的衰减系数，反映材料在特定温度范围（500－600℃）下入最大应变幅值衰减记忆函数∧（q)和最大各向同性变形阻力衰减记忆系数ω反映加载历史对循环棘轮行为的影响，将模型应用于304不锈钢高温多轴循环棘轮行为及其对加载历史依赖性的描述中，预言结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

SS304不锈钢室温非比例多轴时相关棘轮行为实验研究

在室温下,对SS304不锈钢非比例多轴循环加载下的时相关棘轮行为进行了实验研究.揭示了材料在不同加载速率、不同保持时间以及不同加载路径下的棘轮变形特性.结果显示:即使在室温下,棘轮变形也有明显的时相关效应,其棘轮行为不仅强烈依赖于加载速率而且还明显依赖于保持时间;此外,材料的棘轮行为还对加载路径有强烈的依赖性.     

304不锈钢非比例多轴时间相关棘轮行为的本构模型研究

基于304不锈钢在不同加载速率和不同保持时间下得到的非比例多轴时相关棘轮行为的实验研究结果,在Abdel-Karim-Ohno模型的基础上,建立了一个非比例多轴时间相关循环本构模型.该模型通过在背应力演化律中引入与非比例度相关的静力恢复项,在各向同性硬化律中引入Tanaka非比例度来考虑非比例路径对时间相关棘轮行为的影响.模拟结果与实验结果的比较表明:该本构模型对室温和高温下多轴时间相关棘轮行为的演化规律均能给予较合理的描述.     

1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢低周疲劳随动硬化实验研究

为了研究单调加载对1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢材料后继循环塑性硬化和流动特性的影响,对该材料进行了带平均应变的低周疲劳实验研究.对不同应变幅值的对称应变及非对称的应变循环进行了屈服面半径和背应力演化分析,揭示了材料的随动硬化和各向同性硬化演化对应变幅值和平均应变的依赖性.实验结果为建立循环加载和单调加载耦合的复杂加载条件下的本构模型提供了实验基础.     

304不锈钢在单轴应变棘轮变形下的随动硬化实验研究

对304不锈钢在室温下进行了单轴应变控制下的应变棘轮变形与失效以及低周疲劳试验研究,对材料在循环过程中材料的硬化行为进行了系统的揭示。在对称应变循环下,研究了不同应变幅值下弹性区尺寸和背应力演化规律;在给定工程应变幅值和循环棘轮应变增量组合的应变棘轮变形下进行了弹性区尺寸和背应力演化研究。观察到了各向同性硬化和随动硬化演化对加载历史的依赖性。     

304不锈钢的单轴棘轮变形与失效行为研究

对304不锈钢在室温下进行了单轴应变控制下的应变棘轮变形与失效以及低周疲劳试验研究,系统地揭示了材料在循环过程中的材料变形与失效行为。研究表明：材料的应变棘轮变形与失效既不同于单轴拉伸,也不同于相同应变幅值下的对称应变循环加载时的变形与失效,而是强烈地依赖于应变幅值与每一循环周次在最大拉应变处的应变增加量。观察到了一些有意义的结果,     

304不锈钢的非饱和循环硬化行为及其本构描述

针对循环硬化行为的应变幅值依赖性和相对大应变幅值下的非饱和特性．建立了新的粘塑性循环本构模型,在本构模型中．引入新的变量来表征材料的循环硬化特性,该变量的演变方程中引入一个临界状态来反映循环硬化对应变幅值的依赖性：同时,将该变量分解为2个具有不同演变规律的分量．以此来描述相对大应变幅值下的非饱和循环硬化特性．结果表明．新建模型能够很好地描述304不锈钢循环硬化行为的应变幅值依赖性和非饱和特性．     

基于耦合损伤本构模型的508-3钢循环塑性变形模拟

基于耦合损伤本构模型开展了508-3钢在200℃下的循环累积塑性变形模拟研究。通过单轴拉伸和循环加载实验获得了试验数据并拟合确定了材料的损伤本构模型参数,然后利用该本构模型模拟了材料的单调加载变形行为和循环累积塑性变形行为。与经典Chaboche模型的模拟结果相比,耦合损伤的本构模型能更好地模拟508-3钢的单调拉伸行为、应变和应力控制循环软化变形行为,且模拟结果与实验数据吻合良好,为508-3钢制造的核电设备的累积塑性变形模拟奠定了基础。     

316L不锈钢室温和高温单轴循环行为实验研究

对316L不锈钢分别进行了室温、高温单轴应变控制和应力控制下的系统循环试验,揭示和分析了循环应变幅值、为幅值历史以及温度历史对应变循环特性的影响以及应力幅值、平均应力和温度及其历史对循环棘轮行为的影响。研究表明,无论是单轴应变循环特性是还是非对称单轴应力下的棘轮效应不仅依赖于当前温度和加载状态,而且还于温度和加载的历史,并得到了关于316L不锈钢室温和高温单轴循环行为的若干有意义的结果。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.