Preparation and characterization of sponge film made from feathers

Feather wastes generated from poultry farms will pose a problem for disposal, but they are sustainable resources of keratin. Reduction is one of the commonly used methods to obtain soluble keratin from feather. However, the residues generated during feather reduction reaction were rarely investigated. In this study, the residues were transformed into a porous and flexible sponge film by freeze-drying without pretreatment or addition of cross-linking agents. Glycerol was used to alter the physical and chemical characteristics of the sponge film. The film was characterized with a fiber strong stretch instrument, a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy, an elemental analyzer, a differential scanning calorimeter and an automatic air permeability apparatus. Tensile strength and melting point of the sponge film with the optimum glycerol content were 6.2 MPa and 170 °C respectively. Due to air permeability of 368 mm/s, the film can potentially be used in medicine, biology, textile, environmental technology, and so on. It is ecologically friendly and will produce additional benefits from the renewable materials. The film was utilized as adsorbents to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions and as a filtering material for air pollution. Its maximum Cr(VI) uptake capacity was about 148.8 mg/g and the removal rate of PM₁₀ was 98.3%.     

明胶/锂藻土纳米复合材料的制备与性能研究

通过溶液共混和溶剂蒸发的方法制备了明胶/锂藻土纳米复合材料,利用衰减全反射傅立叶红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、广角X射线衍射(WAXD)、紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)、差示量热扫描(DSC)和热重分析(TGA)等仪器方法对材料的结构与性质进行了研究。结果表明:ATR-FTIR曲线中,除Si-O键外,各基团特征峰强度都随锂藻土含量增加而降低。WAXD谱图中未发现锂藻土的层状衍射峰,说明锂藻土完全剥离。锂藻土还对明胶的结晶性和结晶结构产生影响,在2θ=27.1°发现了新的衍射峰,并随着锂藻土含量增加峰强度变强。明胶/锂藻土纳米复合膜表现出良好的透明性,锂藻土含量对材料透明度影响不大。随着锂藻土含量的增加,明胶的熔点(Tm)先增加后降低,含5%锂藻土的纳米复合膜有最高的熔点。纳米复合膜的热稳定性明显好于纯明胶膜,并且随着锂藻土含量的增多,材料的热稳定性也提高,少量锂藻土即可大幅改善明胶的热稳定性。     

有机硅丙烯酸酯/蒙脱土纳米复合乳液的制备及表征

以十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为插层剂改性蒙脱土(MMT),制得了有机蒙脱土(OMMT)。采用原位插层聚合法,以OMMT、八甲基环四硅氧烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷以及甲基丙烯酸酯甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯和丙烯酸为原料,制备了有机硅丙烯酸酯/蒙脱土纳米复合乳液。考察了OMMT用量对乳胶粒径及乳胶膜性能的影响,并对OMMT及乳胶膜的结构进行了表征。结果表明:当OMMT的用量为2.0%时,乳胶粒子尺寸为纳米级,乳胶膜的耐热性以及各项物理机械性能均得到明显改善。XRD分析表明,MMT变为OMMT后,其层间距从1.23nm增大至1.54nm。FT-IR分析表明,有机硅和丙烯酸酯单体在OMMT层间发生接枝聚合反应。     

水性聚氨酯及其核壳型复合乳液的制备与表征

利用TDI、PPG、DMPA和BDO采用丙酮回流法合成了水性聚氨酯,乳化能力较好,并以此为种子乳液,制得了复合乳液.用FTIR、TEM、激光粒度分析仪等手段对其进行了表征.结果显示,该复合溶液具有明显的核壳结构,且复合乳液的粒径分布比种子乳液稍宽,具有双峰结构;力学性能测试显示,复合物膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率与水性聚氨酯膜相近.     

Preparation and characterization of nanobiocomposites containing iron nanoparticles prepared from blood and coated with chitosan and gelatin

In this study, we report the preparation of magnetic iron nanoparticles (INPs) from goat blood using incineration method. FT-IR and XRD studies have confirmed that the prepared nanoparticles were INPs. These INPs were coated with a mixture of chitosan and gelatin to prepare INP-CG nanobiocomposite and the TEM picture of these composite particles has shown an average particle size of 80-300 nm. MRI scan exhibited magnetic property and VSM studies revealed a magnetic saturation of 18.97 emu/g. This may be used as a MRI contrast agent to enhance cellular imaging and as magnetic nanocarrier for targeted delivery of drugs in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.     

Preparation and characterization of plasticized gelatin films cross-linked with low concentrations of Glutaraldehyde

Thermal and mechanical properties as well as moisture resistance and water vapor barrier properties of films from bovine gelatin added with d-sorbitol (30 wt%) as plasticizer and cross-linked with low amounts of glutaraldehyde (GTA, from 0 to 2 wt%) were investigated to determine their suitability as barrier layers for flexible packaging materials. Results revealed that free amino side chain groups of gelatin decreased with GTA, confirming the occurrence of cross-linking between GTA and gelatin. The extent of cross-linking reaction in the presence of d-sorbitol was lower compared with the unplasticized counterpart suggesting that plasticizer hampers GTA to react. The glass transition temperature (T _g) as measured from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) increased with GTA concentration owing to the formation of more reticulated materials while the incorporation of d-sorbitol led to a small reduction in this parameter due to plasticization. Increasing GTA concentration from 0 to 1 wt% provoked the enhancement of elastic modulus from 3.7 ± 0.2 to 4.9 ± 0.2 GPa. These values reduced significantly by the addition of d-sorbitol, whereas elongation at break improved in about 150%. The optimum formulation for the intended purpose was that containing 1 wt% GTA and 30 wt% d-sorbitol since it exhibited the best set of properties: total soluble mater reduced from 100 to 16%, moisture absorption decreased from 1854.1 ± 85 to 210.4 ± 8%, water vapor permeability at 65% relative humidity improved from 2.42 ± 0.27 to 0.94 ± 0.06 × 10⁻¹⁴ kg m Pa⁻¹ s⁻¹ m⁻², with minor reduction in opacity and with the additional benefit of releasing only 5% of the initial GTA content.     

磷酸钙骨水泥/明胶复合组织工程支架材料的制备及其结构与性能

磷酸钙骨水泥组织工程支架材料具有良好的生物相容性和骨传导性,是一种良好的骨组织工程支架材料,但是这种材料存在力学性能差的缺点,限制了它的应用.本文采用生物相容性良好的可降解明胶材料与磷酸钙骨水泥支架进行复合,制备出的明胶/磷酸钙骨水泥复合支架材料,其压缩强度可达3.7MPa,比复合前磷酸钙支架材料的强度提高了37倍,而且材料具有良好的柔韧性,适合用作为非承重部位骨组织缺损修复用组织工程支架材料.     

Preparation and characterization of novel gelatin/cerium (III) fiber with antibacterial activity

Gelatin/Cerium (III) fibers with high tensile strength and good antibacterial activity were prepared by wet spinning method. The fiber structure and properties were investigated. The optical microscope (OPM) results showed that the fiber had a smooth surface and the fiber diameter was in the range of 60-90 µm. The mechanical properties tests showed that the tensile strength of gelatin/cerium (III) fibers increased greatly compared with the pure gelatin fibers. Furthermore, it was found that the gelatin/Ce (III) fibers have the antibacterial activity for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.     

Preparation of fluoride-containing gelatin nanofiber scaffold

A novel material, fluoride-containing gelatin nanofiber scaffold, was prepared by electrospinning process successfully. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image showed that the morphology of nanofibers was uniform and smooth, and the average diameter was about 200 nm. An even distribution in the fiber matrix of some nanoparticles which is about 20 nm was also observed in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated that the nanoparticles dispersed in the gelatin fiber matrix were CaF₂ crystals. This scaffold was crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GTA) vapor at room temperature for 4 days in order to improve the water-resistant ability. After soaking in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) solution (37 °C) for 4 weeks the crosslinked scaffold still maintained a good appearance and morphology. All the properties of this novel material show a good potential to be a bone tissue engineering scaffold.     

Preparation and characterization of electrospun PCL/PLGA membranes and chitosan/gelatin hydrogels for skin bioengineering applications

In this study, two distinct systems of biomaterials were fabricated and their potential use as a bilayer scaffold (BS) for skin bioengineering applications was assessed. The initial biomaterial was a polycaprolactone/poly(lacto-co-glycolic acid) (PCL/PLGA) membrane fabricated using the electrospinning method. The PCL/PLGA membrane M-12 (12% PCL/10% PLGA, 80:20) displayed strong mechanical properties (stress/strain values of 3.01 ± 0.23 MPa/225.39 ± 7.63%) and good biocompatibility as demonstrated by adhesion of keratinocyte cells on the surface and ability to support cell proliferation. The second biomaterial was a hydrogel composed of 2% chitosan and 15% gelatin (50:50) crosslinked with 5% glutaraldehyde. The CG-3.5 hydrogel (with 3.5% glutaraldehyde (v/v)) displayed a high porosity, ≥97%, good compressive strength (2.23 ± 0.25 MPa), ability to swell more than 500% of its dry weight and was able to support fibroblast cell proliferation. A BS was fabricated by underlaying the membrane and hydrogel casting method to combine these two materials. The physical properties and biocompatibility were preliminarily investigated and the properties of the two biomaterials were shown to be complementary when combined. The upper layer membrane provided mechanical support in the scaffold and reduced the degradation rate of the hydrogel layer. Cell viability was similar to that in the hydrogel layer which suggests that addition of the membrane layer did not affect the biocompatibility.     

Formulation, characterization and treatment of metalworking oil-in-water emulsions

The performance of colloidal dispersion systems such as emulsions and suspensions depends greatly on their formulation. A proper characterization of the system oil–water–surfactant for emulsions used in metalworking operations may extend emulsion life and lower process costs. The behavior of an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion formulated in our laboratory is described in this study. The base oil was selected from a list of mineral, synthetic, animal and vegetable oils according to their tribological properties. Three different surfactants (anionic, cationic and non-ionic) were used to stabilize the emulsion for subsequent O/W emulsion formulation. The effect of concentration of the three emulsifiers on the interfacial properties and emulsion stability is reported. It has been found that the type and concentration of emulsifier are key parameters with respect to O/W emulsion performance. Elastohydrodynamic film thickness measurements and extreme pressure tests were also conducted in order to determine how the O/W emulsion formulation affects its lubricating properties. The disposal of waste O/W emulsions has increasingly become an expensive challenge to industry and their treatment is described in this work using several techniques, such as coagulation, centrifugation, ultrafiltration and vacuum evaporation.     

明胶改性聚酰胺酸的合成与表征

通过明胶链上的-NH_2与低分子酸酐封端的聚酰胺酸链端酸酐首先在较高温度下缩合反应生成改性预聚体,然后再对改性预聚体扩链,得到明胶改性聚酰胺酸.通过测定明胶改性聚酰胺酸的特性黏度,研究了改性预聚体反应阶段不同反应条件对聚合物特性黏度的影响,同时采用红外光谱和示差扫描量热测定了明胶改性聚酰胺酸的结构与热性能.结果表明,在改性预聚体合成阶段,当明胶用量为35%、反应温度为40℃和反应时间为25min时,明胶改性聚酰胺酸的特性黏度最大.经过明胶改性,改变了聚酰胺酸的结构,使其化学亚胺化薄膜的玻璃化温度比聚酰胺酸化学亚胺化薄膜的降低39℃.     

Synthesis and characterization of gelatin based polyester urethane scaffold

For tissue engineering purpose two gelatin based polyester urethane scaffolds of different compositions were prepared from lactic acid, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) and characterized by FTIR, XRD for their mechanical and morphological properties using SEM and optical microscopic analyses. Degradation and swelling studies of gelatin based polyester urethane scaffolds in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) were performed. Human keratinocyte cells were cultured within these scaffolds, which showed good cell adherence and proliferation.     

抗菌性纤维素海绵的制备研究

以木浆板为原料、强碱溶液为溶剂,采用物理成孔法,通过加入季铵盐来制备手感好、抗茵性强的纤维素海绵.     

磁性明胶载药微球的制备及体外释药研究

以诺氟沙星为水溶性模型药物,采用反相悬液冷冻凝聚法制得包裹Fe3O4微粒和药物的磁性明胶微球,考察了磁性载药微球的制备条件对微球的成球率、药物包裹率、体外释药及微球降解情况的影响.结果表明,明胶的浓度、戊二醛的用量、固化时间等均对微球的结构和性能产生影响,经优化条件得到了成球率、药物包裹率、体外释放都较好的载药微球.     

无溶剂型有机氟改性聚氨酯-聚丙烯酸酯乳液及胶膜的制备与性能

采用种子乳液聚合和后扩链法,以聚氨酯(PU)乳液为种子,乙二胺基乙磺酸钠(AAS)为后扩链剂、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸酯(FA)作为自由基聚合单体,合成了乳胶粒微观形态为核壳结构的无溶剂型含氟聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯(FPUA)复合乳液。考察了FA和AAS用量对乳液和乳胶膜性能的影响。通过傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X光电子能谱(XPS)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、接触角(CA)和胶膜吸水率等表征了FPUA的结构、微观形态、乳胶膜的表面性能。结果表明,乳胶粒子呈现核壳结构,以聚丙烯酸酯(PA)为核,PU相为壳,由于FA的作用,涂膜的疏水性得到了较大的提高。适量后扩链剂AAS的引入可提高聚氨酯-聚丙烯酸酯(PUA)的自乳化能力,增加含氟乳液的稳定性。     

壳聚糖/明胶/Y2O3杂化膜的制备、表征和对磷吸附性的研究

用阴离子表面活性剂SDS对Y2O3表面进行改性,并采用溶液共混法制备壳聚糖/明胶/Y2O3杂化膜。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对杂化膜的表面形态和基团变化情况等进行表征,并对杂化膜的厚度、断裂强度、断裂伸长率等力学性能以及杂化膜对磷的吸附性能进行测试。结果表明:改性后的Y2O3在杂化膜中分散较均匀;杂化膜中,壳聚糖、明胶、Y2O3颗粒之间存在较强的氢键作用;加入适量的明胶和Y2O3,可以提高杂化膜的断裂强力和断裂伸长率;杂化膜对磷的平衡吸附量可以达到0.42mg/g。