多厂协同供水优化调度分析

为提高供水安全性和可靠性,大中型城市常采用多厂协同供水方式,即由多座水厂向城市管网供水.由于建设年代、取水难易程度、供水规模、生产工艺、所处位置差异,造成各水厂的日常运行成本各不相同.多厂协同供水优化调度分析在可靠的给水管网延时水力模型基础之上,由取水、输水、制水和二级泵房提升成本形成目标函数,兼顾水量和水压等水力约束条件,运用数学优化技术,从各种可行调度方案中确定使系统运行成本较低、可靠性较高的方案.结合案例分析,从理论上判断出哪些水厂可以增大供水水量和水压,或者降低供水水量和水压,得出了不同的时用水量条件下最优的水厂供水量和供水压力方案.     

供水管网水力模型在管网管理中的应用

针对杭州萧山区全区供水范围内的管网系统,运用"混合节点 环"方法,完成供水管网水力模型的计算.通过该模型模拟评估管网规划、设计、建设、水质等方案,提出相应的决策参考建议,并取得了良好的应用效果.通过部分供水管网水力模型应用的实际案例,证明模型在管网管理中起到了重要的指导作用,对相关工作的决策提供了理论和科学依据,具有一定的实际应用意义.     

黄河下游城市供水管网水质保障技术研究与示范

课题针对黄河下游地区供水管网水质共性问题,以饮用水安全保障为目标,对基于水质保障的供水管网仿真建模与水质模拟分析、水质多因子评估与综合优化改造、多水源切换供水条件下的优化运行等技术进行了研究。研发了"城市供水安全保障平台"、"城市供水优化运行系统"及"基于智能化遗传算法的给水管网优化改造设计系统",建立了黄河下游地区供水管网水质保障体系。通过在济南示范区管网的应用与示范,为我国城市供水管网的科学管理、运行及水质安全保障提供了重要的技术支持。     

基于多决策变量协同设计的供水管网多目标优化模型研究

在城镇供水管网设计中,管线布置和管径搭配是影响工程经济性和可靠性的重要因素。为提升管网设计的整体优化水平,以管线布置和管径搭配共同作为决策变量,选用"管网建造费用"作为经济性目标函数,选用"管网管段压力均值"、"管网恢复力"和"枝状管流量和"作为管网可靠性目标函数,建立供水管网多目标优化设计模型。使用MATLAB平台搭载EPANET2动态链接库,采用改进的非支配排序多目标遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)求解模型得到帕累托(Pareto)前沿解集,并使用多标准优化和妥协解决方案(VIKOR)法选出最优折衷设计方案。最后以广东省某城镇供水管网设计为例进行验证,得到的前沿解集在多维目标空间中分布均匀,且选出的最优折衷方案综合效益良好,证明了供水管网管线布置和管道尺寸协同设计的科学性和有效性。     

世博园区浦东片供水管网安全保障技术集成

为了保障世博园区的供水安全,在世博园区浦东片建立了管网在线监测系统、GIS系统、SCADA系统、水力模型和水质模型;建立了世博园区浦东片和浦西片联合调度信息化平台,在管网水力模型的基础上,进行了世博园区多水源供水联合调度预案的模拟与验证分析;采用MOSARE软件进行了世博园区周边管网风险分析,采用区域预定位技术建立了世博园区管道漏水监测系统;在此基础上开发了世博园区管网供水信息集成平台,有力地保障了世博园区的管网供水安全。     

多目标可变模糊优选模型及其在水库调度中的应用

综合利用的水库兴利调度通常考虑的是多目标问题,并且部分目标存在模糊性,可以应用多目标优化决策模型进行决策。为尽可能消除决策过程中的人为性,本文以白石水库为工程背景,针对该水库兴利调度决策的实际情况,采用多目标可变模糊优选模型进行决策。详细阐述了决策过程,决策结果可为水库的实际运行提供参考。     

供水管网水力模型在佛山市第二水源工程运行管理中的应用

佛山市水业集团有限公司自2003年开始建立供水管网水力模型。以管网水力模型在佛山市第二水源工程项目中的应用为例,介绍了水力模型在供水管网改扩建方案评估、供水泵房水泵机组改造方案评估、供水系统运行调度方案制定等三个方面的应用。     

基于高维多目标优化的供水管网背景漏失控制优化模型

针对城市供水管网普遍存在的背景漏失问题,提出了控制背景漏失的高维多目标优化模型。介绍了同时考虑成本、背景漏失量、可靠性和水质指标的高维漏控模型,以及求解该模型的优化算法。结果表明:相比于只考虑成本和背景漏失量的低维多目标优化模型,高维模型有助于揭示成本、漏失量、可靠性和管网水质4个目标之间复杂的权衡关系。盲目降低漏失量会给管网可靠性和水质状况带来不利影响。该方法能为决策者提供更全面的分析结果,从而制定综合效益更优的背景漏失控制方案。     

利用管网水力模型辅助设计中途加压供水系统的研究

提出了利用供水管网水力模型辅助设计、评估和优化中途加压供水系统的技术路线和主要实施步骤.应用实例证明该方法具备可行性,能有效提高中途加压供水系统规划设计的科学性和经济性.     

基于GIS的供水管网管理决策支持系统设计

采用计算机技术、网络技术、通信技术、地理信息技术以及决策支持技术,开发了基于GIS的供水管网决策支持系统,在建立管网基础信息库的基础上紧密结合供水管理的业务流程,能处理以供水管网为核心内容的管网信息和其他相关信息,可以对供水规划、设计、调度、抢修以及供水管网运行管理等提供决策支持.     

Flavia Rocha Loures and Alistair Rieu-Clarke (eds), The UN Watercourses Convention in force: strengthening international law for transboundary water management

Abstract

The MODSIM 8.0 decision support system (DSS) for integrated river basin management (IRBM) has been adapted from a prior appropriation rights-based system to one found in Korea and in much of Asia where water deficits are shared among water use sectors, taking into account priorities established by water policy and institutional frameworks. The Korean version called KModSim is applied to the Geum River basin for evaluation of long-term sustainability of existing and new water infrastructure and facilities under integrated, basin-wide water resources management. KModSim is calibrated to the physical and hydrologic characteristics of the basin, as well as to operational and administrative water allocation policies for municipal and industrial water supply, irrigation, hydropower, transbasin diversions, and low-flow augmentation for environmental purposes. Conditional reservoir operational rules that adapt to changing river basin hydrologic conditions are developed from an implicit stochastic optimization algorithm and incorporated using the extensive user-customization capabilities of KModSim. Results demonstrate that decision guidance under KModSim enhances beneficial water uses in the Geum River system through fully integrated, basin-wide management.     

Basin/Reservoir System Integration for Real Time Reservoir Operation

This paper demonstrates the basin/reservoir system integration as a decision support system for short term operation policy of a multipurpose dam. It is desired to re-evaluate and improve the current operational regulation of the reservoir with respect to water supply and flood control especially for real time operation. The most innovative part of this paper is the development of a decision support system (DSS) by the integration of a hydrological (HEC-HMS) and reservoir simulation model (HEC-ResSim) to guide the professional practitioners during the real time operation of a reservoir to meet water elevation and flood protection objectives. In this context, a hybrid operating strategy to retain maximum water elevation is built by shifting between daily and hourly decisions depending on real time runoff forecasts. First, a daily hydro-meteorological rule based reservoir simulation model (HRM) is developed for both water supply and flood control risk. Then, for the possibility of a flood occurrence, hourly flood control rule based reservoir simulation model (FRM) is used. The DSS is applied on Yuvac?k Dam Basin which has a flood potential due to its steep topography, snow potential, mild and rainy climate in Turkey. Numerical weather prediction based runoff forecasts computed by a hydrological model together with developed reservoir operation policy are put into actual practice for real time operation of the reservoir for March – June, 2012. According to the evaluations, proposed DSS is found to be practical and valuable to overcome subjective decisions about reservoir storage.     

Design and Implementation of an Integrated High Resolution Imaging Ground Penetrating Radar for Water Pipeline Rehabilitation

Accurate and timely detection of leaks in water supply pipes is a significant environmental issue. Development of efficient non-invasive methods would lead into significant water saving and prevention of health hazards introduced by water leakage. This paper shows the ability to use a high resolution ground penetrating imaging radar (GPIR), to be used as an instrument for water pipeline rehabilitation situations, parallel to the existing industrial equipment. In the framework of the European research initiative WATERPIPE, a decision support system (DSS) for the rehabilitation management of the underground water pipelines has been developed, parallel to the implementation of the GPIR.     

Application of Expert and Decision Support Systems for Optimizing Water Supply in the Jordan Valley

Abstract

Expert System (ES) and Decision Support System (DSS) are becoming essential tools that support decision makers, professionals, and managers in their efforts to operate, control, and develop decisions on a sound and integrated basis. Applications of ES and DSS are not limited to a certain sector or field, but are typically used in sectors that involve management and planning. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the application of these systems in Jordan and specifically in managing and operating the water demand and supply of the main water carrier in the Jordan Valley, the King Abdullah Canal (KAC). This canal extends from the upper part of the valley at Adasiya down to the Dead Sea with a total length of 110 km connecting one of the most complicated irrigation and conveyance systems in the region. At present, the Jordan Valley Authority (JVA), which is responsible for all the activities in the Jordan Valley, is operating and managing the water of KAC using the JVA Water Management Information System (WMIS) and JVA Hydraulic Model. After five years of implementing this management system, there was enough information to analyze and evaluate it as well as to determine the areas of shortcomings. This paper focuses on analyzing these results and providing the necessary recommendations. These recommendations are in the form of software and hardware that will improve using both the Expert System and Knowledge Base System and make it a successful model of water optimization for the country and region.     

Consideration of Trends in Evaluating Inter-basin Water Transfer Alternatives within a Fuzzy Decision Making Framework

Evaluation of water supply schemes is an essential task for meeting the goals of inter-basin water transfer project system management. In general, water supply operation involves multi-objective and multifactor optimization and decision. In recent years, multicriterion decision making (MCDM) has emerged as an effective methodology due to its ability to combine quantitative and qualitative criteria for selection of the best alternative. This paper presents a new optimization method using fuzzy pattern recognition to appraise the water supply decision schemes in inter-basin diversion systems. The proposed method is capable to incorporate not only the will of the decision-makers but also the future development trend of water resources and water supply demand and makes the optimization results more reasonable and applicable. One case study for the Xi-River-to -Tanghe Reservoir Water Transfer Project System in China is presented to demonstrate the application of this method.     

我国水利学研究主要进展

一、水资源研究 我国天然降水时空分布不均,年际变化大,年内分配集中,连丰期和连枯期时有发生。这些特点是造成我国水土资源不平衡和旱涝灾害频繁发生的基本原因。几十年来,我国在水资源评价、水资源配置、水环境保护、水法规建设和水管理等方面取得了长足进展。通过工程和非工程措施,协调水与社会、经济、     

三峡梯调水调系统与监控系统数据交换原理与实现

针对三峡梯级调度中心水调自动化系统与监控系统及决策支持系统（DSS）的数据交换问题，结合工程实践经验给出了一套解决方案。该方案成功地实现了三峡梯调水调系统与监控系统机组数据、闸门数据及水情数据信息的交互，水调系统与DSS和监控系统的发电计划数据交互。实践证明，该方案高效、稳定。     

改进的风险决策及NSGA-Ⅱ方法在马莲河流域水资源综合管理中的应用

将马莲河流域系统概化为5个水资源分区,采用指标分析法进行2020和2030年供需水量预测和平衡分析。利用改进的决策树法进行风险分析,将专家咨询概率法引入到决策树敏感性分析中,最终得到2020、2030年的推荐水资源供需分配方案。然后,利用系统分析理论和优化技术建立了流域的大系统、多目标水资源优化配置模型,并采用优化的NSGA-Ⅱ方法进行求解,得到流域2030年推荐水资源配置方案下的最佳分配方案。最后,根据最佳分配方案和预测的流域需水量,进行了流域的水资源平衡分析,通过平衡分析的结果进行流域的综合管理研究。最佳配置方案实现了流域内水资源的最优分配,使宝贵、有限的水资源产生最大的社会、经济及环境效益,为流域经济、能源产业的快速发展提供水资源保障。     

An Intelligent Decision Support System for Management of Floods

Integrating human knowledge with modeling tools, an intelligent decision support system (DSS) is developed to assist decision makers during different phases of flood management. The DSS is developed as a virtual planning tool and can address both engineering and non-engineering issues related to flood management. Different models (hydrodynamic, forecasting, and economic) that are part of the DSS share data and communicate with each other by providing feedback. The DSS is able to assist in: selecting suitable flood damage reduction options (using an expert system approach); forecasting floods (using artificial neural networks approach); modeling the operation of flood control structures; and describing the impacts (area flooded and damage) of floods in time and space. The proposed DSS is implemented for the Red River Basin in Manitoba, Canada. The results from the test application of DSS for 1997 flood in the Red River Basin are very promising. The DSS is able to predict the peak flows with 2% error and reveals that with revised operating rules the contribution of Assiniboine River to the flooding of Winnipeg city can be significantly reduced. The decision support environment allows a number of “what-if” type questions to be asked and answered, thus, multiple decisions can be tried without having to deal with the real life consequences.     

Decision Support Systems for Sustainable Management of Water Resources: 2. Case Studies

ABSTRACT

The new ethic of sustainable development extends the main principles of water resources management. Computer-based decision support systems are explored in order to identify their role in the implementation of these principles into water resource management practice. The first part of this research (see the previous article in this issue) has demonstrated that sustainable development is a global concept that needs to be made reality in any component of every decision support system to be developed for successful management of water resources. This article presents four successful case studies of decision support systems (DSSs) for sustainable management of water resources. Development of a DSS for sustainable water resource management is seen as a process, and while the issues covered in these four examples are the priorities in their respective domains, it is certain that new issues will emerge in different fields of application. So, what is presented here is thus a snapshot of current best efforts