稀土荧光共聚物与蛋白质作用机理的光谱研究

用含铕稀土配合物单体成功地合成出含铕稀土荧光聚合物(PPNEu)。通过荧光光谱仪、紫外可见分光光度计研究了含铕稀土荧光聚合物与牛血清蛋白(BSA)的相互作用机理。结果表明:含铕稀土荧光聚合物能够与BSA相互结合,并使BSA出现荧光猝灭现象,该猝灭效应属于静态猝灭;结合常数和结合位点数分别为:KA=8.49×104 L/mol,n=1.25(298K);KA=7.45×104 L/mol,n=1.25(308K);在与BSA的结合过程中,吉布斯自由能(ΔG)为负值,熵变(ΔS)为正值且焓变(ΔH)为负值,说明静电力在PPNEu与BSA结合过程中起着主要作用。基于Frster理论,结合距离为3.38nm。     

采用荧光光谱法研究DDAF与BSA的相互作用

研究新型反离子季铵盐DDAF与BSA的相互作用。通过单因素法,选出适宜的作用时间、Na+浓度和pH值;并采用荧光光谱法和三维荧光光谱法研究DDAF与BSA的相互作用机制。作用时间15 min、钠离子浓度为0.04 mol/L、pH值为待测液的初始pH值为适宜的实验条件;不同温度(290.15,296.15,303.15,310.15 K)下二者的双分子猝灭常数(Kq)分别为7.03×10~(10),8.53×10~(10),1.09×10~(11),1.12×10~(11) L/(mol·s);结合位点数(n)分别为1.17、0.84、0.97和1.02;?H和?S均大于0;三维荧光光谱显示,加入DDAF后,BSA的荧光峰发生蓝移,且荧光强度下降16.63%。DDAF和BSA为混合猝灭;二者以1∶1结合;二者间的作用力是疏水作用力;DDAF使BSA氨基酸残基周围的疏水环境增强。     

微波绿色合成N,S共掺杂碳点及其在Fe3+检测和温度传感方面的应用

以韭菜为前驱体,采用微波法一步绿色合成N,S共掺杂的粒径均匀、分散性好的碳点。所合成的碳点近似球状,粒径2.0-5.0 nm。在365 nm的紫外灯照射下发明亮的蓝色荧光,发射峰具有激发波长依赖性。Fe³⁺对所制备的碳点有明显选择性荧光猝灭现象。在5-300μmol/L的范围内,荧光猝灭程度(F/F₀)与Fe³⁺浓度呈现良好的线性关系(R=0.9930),检测限为4.0μmol/L。同时探测温度对制备碳点的影响,在20-55℃范围内,碳点荧光强度与温度具有较好的线性响应。由于生理温度范围在此温度范围内,所制备的碳点可用于细胞温度传感。     

荧光分析测定苯酚新方法研究

在0.5mol/LH2SO4介质中,Br-和Bro3-反应生成Br2。4',5'-二碘荧光素与Br2反应,使4',5'-二碘荧光素荧光猝灭,当加入苯酚时,苯酚的溴代反应使体系荧光增强,增强的荧光强度与苯酚溶液浓度在一定范围内成线性关系,由此建立了一种测定苯酚的荧光分析新体系。在pH4.0-6.0范围内,该体系激发波长,发射波长分别为520nm,545nm。苯酚浓度为1.2-55μg/L范围内呈线性关系,检测出限为1.2μg/L,本法用于苯酚的测定,选择性好,结果满意。     

荧光光谱及分子模拟研究β-榄香烯与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

在模拟生理p H条件(p H=7.40)下,用荧光光谱和分子模拟法研究β-榄香烯与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。在308 K和318 K温度下,激发波长(λex)为280 nm,测定BSA在340 nm的内源性荧光强度随着β-榄香烯浓度增加的变化,用分子对接方法研究β-榄香烯与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。β-榄香烯与牛血清白蛋白的反应机制为静态猝灭,作用力类型为疏水作用。分子模拟结果表明:β-榄香烯与牛血清白蛋白亚结构域A结合,二者之间有疏水作用和静电作用,且以疏水作用为主,这与荧光光谱结果一致。β-榄香烯与BSA具有较强的相互作用,以血清白蛋白为载体,β-榄香烯作为药物可通过血液循环到达病变部位,发挥药效。     

酪蛋白荧光碳点的合成及其在Hg(Ⅱ)检测中的应用

以酪蛋白为原料,氨水为修饰剂,双氧水为氧化剂,采用水热法合成荧光碳点。经紫外、红外光谱、荧光和X射线衍射表征,荧光量子产率为15.1%,最大激发波长为340nm,最大发射波长为440nm。该荧光碳点在水溶液中对Hg(Ⅱ)具有专一识别作用,对Hg(Ⅱ)测定的线性范围为(0.6~10)×10-6 mol/L,线性方程为y=-0.03232x+0.99898,线性相关系数R=0.99862,检出限为3.8×10-8 mol/L。基于此荧光碳点建立了一种快速、有效检测Hg(Ⅱ)的新方法。     

油酸中ZnS∶Mn量子点的制备及火腿肠中苏丹Ⅰ测定研究

以氯化锰、氯化锌、硫化钠为原料,在油酸-无水乙醇混合溶剂中,180℃条件下,反应8h,成功制备了ZnS∶Mn量子点。320nm激发条件下,ZnS∶Mn量子点的荧光发射峰位于420nm。且苏丹Ⅰ在350~540nm范围内有较好的吸收,利用苏丹Ⅰ对ZnS∶Mn量子点荧光强度的猝灭建立荧光探针体系,当苏丹Ⅰ浓度在5.0×10-8~7.0×10-7 mol/L内,线性方程为ΔF=389.29-25.12c,相关系数(R)为0.9915(n=5),检测限为1.46×10-8 mol/L。且成功用于实际样品中苏丹Ⅰ的检测,加标回收率在92.8%~99.2%之间。     

荧光猝灭法测定痕量六价铬

本文研究了用荧光猝灭法测定痕量六价铬。本方法是基于六价铬与碘化钾反应生成了单质碘,碘可以使2’,7’-二氯荧光素(DCF)发生荧光猝灭,从而间接测定六价铬。六价铬浓度在0.20-2.50μAg/25ml范围内,荧光强度差值与六价铬浓度呈线性关系,线性回归方程△F=12.12C+0.19,相关系数γ=0.9993,检测限为0.1μg/25mL。本法简便、灵敏度高,已用于合成样中六价铬的测定,回收率在100～103％,结果令人满意。     

三维荧光光谱法和圆二色谱法研究氨基比林与牛血清白蛋白分子的相互作用

该文在模拟生理条件下,采用荧光光谱法、三维荧光光谱法以及圆二色谱法,研究氨基比林(PYM)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)之间的相互作用。研究结果表明PYM对BSA有强烈的荧光猝灭作用,其荧光猝灭机制为静态猝灭。由热力学参数判定PYM和BSA的主要作用力为氢键和范德华力,并且相互作用是自发进行的。根据F觟rster的偶极-偶极非辐射能量转移理论可以得出PYM与BSA之间的结合距离为2.09 nm。利用三维荧光光谱和圆二色谱技术,分析PYM对BSA蛋白构象的影响,表明PYM与BSA相互作用后使BSA的微环境和构象发生改变。     

荧光法同时测定环境水中的As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)

研究了一种快速、灵敏的同时测定水中的As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的荧光新方法。在pH=6．5～7．5的缓冲介质中，利用2’，7’-二氯荧光素(DCF)作为荧光试剂，激发波长λex=510nm，发射波长λem=528nm下，As(Ⅲ)和DCF竞争碘，引起荧光强度的增强，从而测定痕量As(Ⅲ)。同时利用L-半胱氨酸还原剂将水中的As(Ⅴ)还原成As(Ⅲ)，从而测定As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的总量，差减间接测定As(Ⅴ)。As(Ⅲ)浓度在4～180ng／mL范围内，相对荧光强度差值与As(Ⅲ)浓度呈线性关系，线性方程△F=7．82C 0．76，相关系数为0．9991，本法快速、简便、灵敏度高，已用于检测自来水和池塘水中痕量的As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)，回收率在96％～105％，结果令人满意。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...