The evaluation of the efficacy of a 6-month vitaminization of schoolchildren in grades 1 to 8 in the city of Baku]

Investigations were conducted in 110 schoolchildren aged 7-10 and 11-14 years. They had received insufficiently balanced traditional nutrition deficient in animal proteins, vegetable oils, calcium, and, especially, in vitamins. Excretion of ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavine, N1-HA was decreased as compared to the lower standard limits 3.5-1.9 times in 85-90% of schoolchildren aged 7-14 years, microsymptoms of vitamin deficiency (including polyvitamin deficiency) were noted in 33-53% of the children. Administration of varying doses of "Undevitum" (0.5, 1 and 1.5 dragees/day) has shown that for normalization of vitamin status, decreasing morbidity rate and improvement of their mental capacity, the schoolchildren of 1-4 forms should receive 1 dragee and those of 5-8 forms--1.5 dragee of "Undevitum"/day as an optimum dose.     

Results of prophylactic vitamin administration of schoolchildren in Tbilisi]

The data are presented on providing with vitamins of schoolchildren in Tbilisi. Significant disorders were revealed in their providing with vitamins due to insufficient content of vitamins in daily food rations of the schoolchildren investigated. To correct their vitamin status an additional vitamin administration to schoolchildren with the multivitamin compound "Hexavitum" was conducted and its positive effect on the parameters of their physical and mental development was recorded.     

Providing with vitamins of different population groups in Sverdlovsk]

The investigation on providing with vitamins of varying population groups: preschool children, schoolchildren, students of trade schools and higher schools, workers and employees was conducted in Sverdlovsk. Low levels of vitamin C were detected in the blood of 40-92%, folic acid--in 10-76%, vitamin A--in 4-28%, carotene--in 8-60%, tocopherol--in 4-50% of the examinees. Vitamin B1 deficiency was noted in 36-68%, vitamin B2--in 17-71%. The highest deficiency of ascorbic acid was recorded in workers and students of trade schools and higher schools, of folic acid--in workers and adolescents of 15-18 years, of vitamins B1, E, A and carotene--in children and adolescents, vitamin B1--in employees. The mass character of vitamin deficiencies and their negative effects on the health of the population have necessitated broad-scale prophylactic measures: production of vitamin-enriched foods, regular use of multivitamins.     

Effects of the preparation Undevit on the indicators of vitamin provision of Norilsk's schoolchildren]

The effect of the prophylactic use of multivitamin "Undevitum" on parameters of vitamin providing of schoolchildren in Norilsk was studied. The results of the investigation showed a positive effect of the prophylactic vitamin administration on providing with vitamins of schoolchildren in Norilsk and proved the necessity of conducting mass vitamin administration to schoolchildren.     

Evaluation of the effectiveness of prophylactic vitamin administration to school children in Moscow]

The influence of prophylactic vitamin administration to schoolchildren in Moscow was studied basing on the parameters of their providing with vitamins, physical development and health. It was established that as a result of prophylactic vitamin administration of "Undevitum" during 6 months the morbidity rate (especially, of acute respiratory diseases) decreased that produced a definite economic effect. The prophylactic vitamin administration to schoolchildren in the winter-spring period has been recommended.     

Effect of dietary correction and administration of multivitamin preparations on providing rural technical school students with vitamin C and B 1

Actual nutrition and providing with vitamins C and B1 were studied in students of rural trade school (youths aged 16-17 years) in the town of Volsk, the Saratov region. The actual nutrition was corrected by inclusion of curds and other milk and vegetable products into the ration. The content of ascorbic acid in the usual and corrected rations, estimated analytically, during spring comprised 17 and 29%, and vitamin B1--49 and 75% of the recommended standard. The insufficient providing of the students with vitamins C and B1 in spring was confirmed by their low level of excretion with urine, and by lowered vitamin C concentration and activity of vitamin B1-dependent enzyme transketolase in the blood of the investigated students. The ration correction improved to a certain extent the values of providing with vitamins C and B1 but could not eliminate vitamin deficiency. Administration of "Undevitum" in a dose of 1 dragee/day during 4 months eliminated the vitamin deficiency in the ration and provided optimum vitamin levels for the students.     

Vitamin levels in children with latent iron deficiency

Providing with ascorbic acid, vitamins A and E, thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine was biochemically investigated in 108 children aged from 9 to 15 years. Significant disorders in the providing with all these vitamins were observed, the highest deficiency of ascorbic acid and pyridoxine being recorded. Vitamin deficiency in children was expressed as polyhypovitaminosis. Children with latent iron deficiency are less provided with vitamins than normal children, and the incidence of this or that vitamin deficiency in them is higher. The data obtained have evidenced that normalization of the body providing with vitamins should play an important role in the preventive treatment of children with latent iron deficiency.     

Revalence of vitamin deficiency in Tajik children

A research of estimating the prevalence og vitamin A deficiency in Tajik children was made. At revealed that 51.8% of children of age 6-59 months suffer from vitamin A defficiency. 97.4% of the examined pregnant women have no information at all about vitamin A and didnit take any vitamins including vitamin A.     

Effects of prophylactic vitamin administration of physical fitness of schoolchildren in the Arctic Regions]

The effectiveness of prophylactic vitamin administration to schoolchildren in the Arctic region was evaluated in the biochemical investigation of schoolchildren by the assay of vitamins C, A, E, B1, B2, B6, B12 and folic acid in their blood serum before and after "Undevitum" intake. Deficiency of a number of vitamins was detected. It was shown that regular consumption of multivitamin "Undevitum" produced a positive effect on the parameters of their physical activity, the highest effect was observed in children with the normotensive reaction to loading, and it was less expressed in those with pathological hemodynamic reactions to the loading.     

Effects of prophylactic vitamin administration to Tallin's schoolchildren on their health and physical development]

Data are presented on the influence of prophylactic vitamin administration to schoolchildren in two schools on their health. The morbidity rate significantly decreased, the levels of lysozyme in the saliva, hemoglobin in the blood and total protein in the blood serum rose in the children who received multivitamin "Undevitum" during 5-7 months, as compared to those who were not given the vitamins. Vitamin administration did not influence the physical development of schoolchildren.     

Polyvitaminization--an effective method of optimizing the vitamin status of children]

Insufficient vitamin value of the food rations for children at nurseries is expressed in lowered levels of vitamins and their metabolites in the urine, as well as in a higher frequency of vitamin and, particularly, polyvitamin deficiency in children, especially, in the winter-spring period. Improvement of the quality and increasing the quantity of food, prophylactic administration of polyvitamins in the periods of higher vitamin deficiency would be effective and real ways for optimization of vitamin status of children. Dragee "Undevitum" and "Hexavitum" proved to be most effective among the prophylactic polyvitamins, the synergy of action of their components provides the improvement in the values of renal excretion of vitamins and their metabolites, as well as reduction in the frequency of micro-symptoms of polyvitamin deficiency.     

The connection between vitamin and iron status indexes of school-age children

The analysis of vitamin and iron indexes of 95 children sufficiently supplied with vitamin C and vitamin B2 and carotenoids deficiency has been carried out. Vitamin E deficit takes place among anemic children (with decreased hemoglobin blood level) 2 fold more often than among healthy children. From another side, decreased hemoglobin blood level, erythrocyte quantity and erythrocyte indexes have been determined 1.7-2.4 fold more often in insufficiently supplied with vitamin E children. Tocopherols serum level had tendency to the decrease and vitamin E deficit took place 2 fold more frequently in children suffering from iron deficiency anemia that is with decreased hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations. Marked positive linear correlation between these iron indexes and vitamin E serum level has been revealed. These results give evidence concerning significant role of this vitamin in the body iron supplying. The results obtained give evidence for multi-deficient anemia presence among children, which are not always caused by iron deficit. High frequency of vitamin E and B group vitamins deficiency proves expediency of these vitamins inclusion in complex therapy of iron deficiency.     

The vitamin status and indices of immunity in workers in the metallurgical industry in Zapoliar'e]

Some parameters of vitamin providing and immune status were studied in 133 workers and employees of metallurgic industry in Zapolyarie. The data obtained have evidenced that the contingent studied was insufficiently provided with ascorbic acid, vitamins B1, B2, B6, had low content of vitamin A and beta-carotene. Combined vitamin deficiency was recorded in 88.6% of 44 workers subjected to investigations. A total of 87.7% of persons with low vitamin levels had shifts in the immunity system. The highest disorders in the cellular immunity parameters were observed in subjects with polyhypovitaminosis. The results of the study have necessitated taking measures for correction of vitamin providing.     

The vitamin allowance of the pupils in a rural vocational and technical school and their prophylactic vitaminization]

The actual nutrition and providing with vitamins C and B1 was studied in boys aged 16-17 years, students of a rural trade school (Volsk of Saratov Province). Although the caloric value of their ration was high enough the content of animal proteins was only 42-48 g/day. The content of ascorbic acid in the ration comprised 48%, in the spring of 1987 it was 17%, and of 1988-29% of the recommended standard, vitamin B1 levels did not show seasonal differences. Vitamin C and B1 deficiencies in the spring were proved by their low excretion levels in urine, and by a low concentration of vitamin C and decreased activity of B1-dependent enzyme transketolase in the blood. Intake of "Undevitum" (1 dragee/day) during 4 months was conductive to the improvement of the student providing with vitamins.     

Effects of the use of a multivitamin preparation "Pikovit" (KRKA, Yugoslavia) on providing nursery children with vitamins]

Providing of children aged 3-5 years with vitamins C, B1, B2, B6 and PP was studied before and after intake (during 3 months) of multivitamin "Pikovit" (KRKA, Yugoslavia) by the excretion with urine of ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, 4-pyridoxic acid and N-methylnicotinamide. Before "Pikovit" intake the mean level of thiamine excretion was close to the lower border of the normal level, while ascorbic acid and N-methylnicotinamide levels were lower than the normal in 73 and 69% of the children studied, respectively. "Pikovit" induced an increase in the mean values of excretion of all vitamins studied except for ascorbic acid. The multivitamin prevented the impairment of children providing with vitamins C and B6, and improved their provision with vitamins B1, B2 and PP. However, the doses of vitamins used proved to be insufficient for complete normalization of the vitamin status in children, therefore it is necessary to use "Pikovit" in higher doses as it is recommended by the firm-manufacturer.     

Effects of biologically active food additives with different contents of vitamins on the vitamin status in humans

The comparative study of influence of two biologically active food additives with the different contents of vitamins is carried out: a drink "Zolotoi Shar", the dose of vitamins in which makes 50-90% from recommended daily consumption, and "Vitabalance 2000", the contents of vitamins in which at 2-17 of time exceeds need of organism. The use of both additives within 3 weeks resulted in increase of levels of vitamins C, A, E, B2, B6 and carotenoids in blood serum. However if in case of consumption of a drink an authentic level was reached only for vitamin C and beta-carotene, in a case "Vitabalance 2000" for all investigated vitamins except vitamin A. Thus, if the consumption of a drink has lowered frequency of deficiency of 3-4 vitamins, but has not allowed to liquidate it completely, in case of "Vitabalance 2000" consumption the simultaneous deficiency 3-4 vitamins. The received data allow to believe the biologically active food additives containing vitamins in amounts exceeding recommended consumption, are convenient for fast liquidation of hypovitaminoses, and the preparations containing vitamins in doses making 30-50% from need of organism, are acceptable for daily filling of insufficient consumption of vitamins with a usual diet for a long time.     

The effect of improved rations and different doses of Glutamevitum on the vitamin status and work capacity of children who started school at the age of 6 years

The influence of qualitatively different nutrition and additional vitaminization with varying doses of "Glutamevitum" on excretion with urine of vitamins B1, B2 PP and C, as well as the presence of microclinical symptoms of vitamin deficiency and psychophysiological parameters were studied in 120 children (6 groups, 20 subjects in each) who went to school at six years of age. The children received corrected nutrition and vitamins during 6 months of the winter-spring period. It was established that the nutrition corrected by selection of food products and additional vitaminization with optimal doses of vitamins (1/2 tablet of "Glutamevitum" added by vitamins C, P and A in a dose of 10, 30, 0.25 mg, respectively) significantly lowered fatigue as a result of psychoemotional and mental stress in children of 6 years of age studying at school, vitamin excretion with urine increased, microclinical symptoms of vitamin deficiency were appreciably lowered, the working capacity and attention as well as nervous-reflectory activity were significantly improved in the critical period of early studying.     

The vitamins and minerals provision of children living in different ecological-biogeochemical zones in Chuvashia

The results of investigation about providing 96 children at the age of 11-12 with vitamins in different ecological-biogeochemical zones of Chuvashia are presented in this article. The actual nutrition of children was estimated, by questionnaire-weight Pokrovsky's method and the level of excretion of vitamins B1, B2 and ascorbic acid with urine was studied by fluorescent method. The deficiency of riboflavin (66% in girls and 97% in boys) and ascorbic acid deficiency (30% in children) was revealed in the daily ration, the quantity of thiamin was sufficient. The providing the organism of children with investigated vitamins is low in Chuvashia. There is the link between ecological-biogeochemical characteristics of Chuvashia and providing with vitamins B1, B2 and C, their quantity in food being the same.     

Enzymatic activity of the microsomal fraction of the mucosa of the small intestine in guinea pigs with vitamin D and C deficiencies

The influence of vitamin D and C deficiency on the kinetic parameters of sucrase and alkali phosphatase activities was studied in the microsomal fraction of the small intestinal mucosa of guinea pigs. It was found that Km values for these enzymes did not depend on the animal providing with these vitamins. Deficiency of one of these vitamins did not influence sucrase activity, however, simultaneous elimination of vitamins D and C resulted in the activity rise by 92%. Alkali phosphatase and Ca-ATPase activities proved to be similarly dependent on providing with vitamin D in the presence of vitamin C in the ration, while in the absence of vitamin C this dependence was not observed.     

The vitamin allowance and vitamin requirements of the operators of a chemical plant in the city of Rustavi

Excretion of thiamine, riboflavin, N1-methyl nicotinamide and ascorbic acid with urine, TDP-effect, ascorbic acid and vitamin A content in the blood have shown higher vitamin requirements in the operators, as compared to subjects of the control group, this was caused by unfavourable effects of the chemical factors of the production environment. The levels of the biochemical parameters characterizing normal providing of the operators with vitamins could be achieved by additional vitamins administered to the workers (2 dragees of "Hexavitum").