玄武岩纤维增强木塑复合材料的拉伸和熔融性能

探讨了用3mm的短切玄武岩纤维(BF)增强木塑(WPC)复合材料(BF-WPC)时,BF含量与BF-WPC拉伸性能及熔体流动性能之间的关系。结果表明,通过控制BF含量可有效改善BF-WPC的相关性能:与WPC相比,BF的含量为15%~25%区间时,BF-WPC的拉伸强度提高了近30%、但断裂伸长率略有下降;熔体流动性能随着BF含量的增加呈下降趋势,在BF含量达到15%之前下降较快,之后变化缓慢。     

偶联剂改性玄武岩纤维增强水泥基复合材料力学性能

为改善玄武岩纤维(BF)与水泥基材料的界面结合作用,分别采用质量分数为0.4%、0.8%和1.2%的γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(CG550)、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(CG570)和乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷(Z6518)的三种硅烷偶联剂对玄武岩纤维进行表面处理,研究改性后纤维及其增强混凝土的力学性能影响规律。实验结果表明,随着CG550溶液浓度增加,改性玄武岩纤维及其水泥基复合材料力学性能整体呈上升趋势,当CG550溶液浓度为1.2%时,纤维及其增强水泥基材料有最佳的力学性能;随着CG570溶液浓度增加,改性后玄武岩纤维的断裂强度先升高后降低,断裂伸长率基本不变,纤维断裂强度最高提升5.8%,其水泥基复合材料的力学性能随溶液浓度增加呈上升趋势,抗折强度最高提升24.4%,抗压强度最高提升7.3%;随着Z6518溶液浓度上升,改性后玄武岩纤维的断裂强度逐渐降低,但断裂伸长率逐渐增高,表现出较好的延性;其水泥基复合材料力学性能随浓度变化无明显改善。综合考虑实验结果,三种硅烷偶联剂对纤维的改性效果好坏依次为CG570、CG550、Z6518。     

表面处理玄武岩纤维增强水泥基复合材料力学性能

为提高玄武岩纤维(BF)与水泥基体的界面结合力和桥接作用,分别采用HCl溶液(0~2.0mol/L)和NaOH溶液(0~2.0mol/L)对BF表面进行刻蚀糙化处理,研究纤维表面处理对BF增强水泥基复合材料的力学性能影响规律。结果表明:随着HCl溶液浓度增加,BF/水泥复合材料抗折强度与弯曲强度均先增加后降低,挠度呈现缓慢增加趋势,而抗压强度变化幅度较小;当HCl溶液浓度为1mol/L时,BF/水泥复合材料的强度与韧性最佳;碱处理BF后,BF/水泥复合材料的力学性能随NaOH浓度增加而显著降低,且复合材料韧性无明显改善;BF经HCl溶液腐蚀后的质量保留率变化规律与NaOH溶液腐蚀后的变化规律接近,而经HCl溶液腐蚀后BF强度保留率大于NaOH溶液腐蚀后的BF强度保留率。     

单向玄武岩纤维增强树脂复合材料低温力学性能研究

通过纤维浸渍和缠绕技术制备了单向玄武岩纤维增强树脂(BF/EP)复合材料,并对单向BF/EP复合材料在室温和液氮温度(-196℃)下的拉伸、弯曲和压缩力学性能进行了测试.使用扫描电镜(SEM)对断裂试样进行微观形态分析,阐述在低温下其力学性能变化的机理.结果表明,从室温到液氮温度,单向BF/EP复合材料的拉伸、弯曲和压...     

微胶囊-玄武岩纤维/水泥复合材料的力学性能

以水泥、玄武岩纤维和脲醛/环氧树脂微胶囊为主要材料,制备水泥基复合材料标准试样,研究纤维掺量、纤维长度、微胶囊质量分数、水灰质量比和养护龄期对复合材料抗折强度和抗压强度的影响,利用正交实验确定微胶囊-玄武岩纤维/水泥自修复复合材料力学性能的最优配比。实验结果表明：抗折强度随着纤维掺量的增加而增加,抗压强度随着纤维掺量增加而减小;随着纤维长度的增加,抗折强度略有增加,抗压强度略有降低;抗折强度随着微胶囊质量分数的增加呈现出先增加后减小的趋势,而抗压强度则呈现下降趋势;抗折强度与抗压强度随养护龄期的增加而呈增加的趋势;材料经损伤后修复,抗折强度修复率为117%,恢复率为103%,抗压强度修复率为71%,恢复率为97%。     

玄武岩纤维复合材料静、动态力学性能和抗弹性能研究进展

以玄武岩纤维为增强体、树脂为基体制得的玄武岩纤维复合材料具有优异的力学性能、良好的环境适应性和低廉的价格,其在车辆、船舶、航空航天等高新科技领域拥有替代现有玻璃纤维复合材料的潜力.近20年来,玄武岩纤维复合材料的力学性能受到了研究人员的大量关注.玄武岩纤维增强树脂基复合材料中,环氧树脂基复合材料力学性能较为突出,相关研究最受关注.在准静态力学性能研究中,与玻璃纤维复合材料对比发现,玄武岩纤维复合材料在拉伸性能、压缩性能、弯曲性能、抗低速冲击性能、疲劳性能、耐磨性等方面都更为优异,与碳纤维混杂组成复合材料时也表现出更强的性能,并且通过纤维化学改性和基体纳米颗粒改性可进一步提升玄武岩纤维复合材料的力学性能.国内玄武岩纤维复合材料动态力学性能的研究集中于水泥、沥青、混凝土等材料与玄武岩纤维组成的复合材料,对高性能树脂基复合材料的关注较少.国外研究人员对玄武岩纤维增强树脂基复合材料动态拉伸性能进行了全面研究,发现玄武岩纤维复合材料的动态拉伸模量、强度、应变等都随应变率增加而增大,增大幅度在20％ ～60％;与玻璃纤维复合材料相比,玄武岩纤维复合材料在动态拉伸条件下显示出更高的弹性模量、更大的拉伸强度和更高的拉伸应变.现阶段玄武岩纤维复合材料动态拉伸性能研究的应变率主要集中在100/s左右的较低范围,对动态压缩性能的研究也极为缺失,这难以支撑玄武岩纤维复合材料在涉及高速冲击服役环境中的应用.玄武岩纤维复合材料抗弹性能与S-玻璃纤维复合材料相当,因为玄武岩纤维复合材料具有较为全面的力学性能与环境适应性,所以与其他纤维混杂组成复合材料时可以弥补其他纤维的固有缺点.玄武岩纤维复合材料抗弹性能的变化受基体、纤维等因素的影响,并反映在不同的失效机制上,但在高速动态冲击过程中难以捕获材料本身微观结构的变化,其失效机制只能通过断口形貌进行推测,因此在抗弹性能研究中,仿真模拟技术对玄武岩纤维复合材料冲击变形过程和失效机制的解析研究亟需得到关注.本文归纳了玄武岩纤维增强树脂基复合材料的准静态、动态力学性能及抗弹性能研究现状,分析了现阶段玄武岩纤维复合材料力学性能研究中的不足并提出了建议,以期为高性能、绿色玄武岩纤维复合材料的研究发展提供参考.     

木塑复合材料力学性能的无损检测

采用纵向共振实验、弯曲振动实验等振动方法对木塑复合材料的力学性能进行了无损检测，并对检测结果进行了分析．研究表明，木塑复合材料的动态弹性模量可以通过无损检测方法测量．木塑复合材料的动态弹性模量随着木塑比的减小而降低；而对于同一木塑比的木塑复合材料，利用各种无损检测法测得的动态弹性模量值相差不大。木塑复合材料的动态弹性模量大于静态弹性模量MOE，且有一定的比值；应用这一比值关系可由动态弹性模量估算静态弹性模量．利用动态的无损检测法测得的弹性模量与静态的破损检测法测得的静曲强度MOR具有密切的相关性；其中，纵向共振实验测得的弹性模量Ep与MOR的相关系数最高；应用相关方程可由动态弹性模量估算静曲强度。     

碱处理对SF/PP木塑复合材料力学性能的影响

采用不同碱处理浓度、处理时间对剑麻纤维(SF)进行表面改性,通过与聚丙烯树脂(PP)混合、塑炼、模压成型制备SF/PP木塑复合材料。研究了剑麻纤维(SF)表面的碱处理方法、含量对SF/PP木塑复合材料力学性能的影响,借助光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对SF纤维和复合材料的冲击断面进行微观结构分析。结果表明:碱处理能够提高SF/PP木塑复合材料的力学性能。在碱浓度为10%时,处理时间为4h,SF含量为20%时,冲击强度为15.78kJ.m-2达到最大值,弯曲强度和弯曲模量随着SF含量的增加出现增大的趋势。     

玄武岩纤维-碳纤维混杂平纹织物增强环氧树脂基复合材料的制备与力学性能

对以平纹织物为增强体的混杂纤维复合材料（HFRP）的刚度和强度进行研究。设计热压工艺并制备7组具有不同混杂比的玄武岩纤维-碳纤维（玄-碳）混杂增强环氧树脂基复合材料试样进行拉伸试验。基于平纹织物的结构特征,对传统混合定律加以修正,提出以平纹织物为增强体的HFRP刚度估算模型。基于HFRP层合板的破坏机制,提出材料仅发生一次破坏的临界混杂比,并分成三个混杂比范围给出强度估算模型。最终以体现分散度的混杂效应系数对估算结果加以修正。结果表明：计算值与试验值近似,预估模型计算所得临界混杂比与试样拉伸试验时的应力-应变曲线分析结果相符,模型可为今后的实际应用提供理论依据。本文提出的预估方法可以反应混杂比和分散度对平纹织物为增强体的HFRP强度和刚度的影响,扩展了混合定律的应用范围。     

稀土改性对玄武岩纤维增强氰酸酯树脂复合材料性能的影响

采用自制稀土改性剂改性玄武岩纤维（La-BF）布增强双酚A型二氰酸酯（BADCy）制备了La-BF/BADCy复合材料。采用SEM和FTIR分析了改性对BF表面产生的影响,TG分析研究了改性对BF/BADCy复合材料热稳定性的影响,使用电子万能试验机研究改性对不同质量分数的BF/BADCy弯曲性能的影响,通过阻抗分析仪分析了改性对La-BF/BADCy复合材料介电性能的影响。结果表明,改性减少了BF的表面缺陷,并引入了结晶状凸起,有利于提高BF/BADCy复合材料的界面性能;通过改性提高了BF/BADCy复合材料的热稳定性,初始分解温度提高了145℃;当BF的质量分数为12wt%时,改性使BF/BADCy复合材料弯曲模量提高到4.19 GPa,弯曲强度达到110 MPa以上。在1 MHz~3 GHz范围内,La-BF/BADCy复合材料的介电常数稳定在1.9左右。因此稀土改性是一种能够有效提高BF/BADCy复合材料弯曲性能、热稳定性及介电性能的表面改性方法。      

连续玄武岩纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料抗冲击性能研究

制备了连续玄武岩纤维增强的环氧树脂基复合材料靶板,并进行了抗冲击性能测试,研究了影响其抗冲击性能的主要因素及抗冲击机理.结果表明,表面处理会使复合材料抗冲击性能下降;而降低织物面密度、提高纤维体积含量可以使复合材料抗冲击性能得到提高.复合材料靶板的主要能量吸收形式为靶板局部变形、分层和纤维拉伸、剪切断裂及纤维拔脱.     

玄武岩增强硼酚醛树脂基复合材料工艺性能研究

利用正交试验方法,讨论冷却方式、成型压力、增强纤维百分含量、成型温度对玄武岩增强硼酚醛树脂基复合材料拉伸强度和弯曲强度的影响.结果表明:复合材料中增强纤维百分含量对其力学性能影响最大,成型压力增大有利于复合材料力学性能的改善,成型温度对基体材料的结构有较大影响,当成型温度较高时,复合材料具有较大的弯曲强度,延长冷却时间有利于复合材料力学性能的提高.     

Special manufacturing and characteristics of basalt fiber reinforced hybrid polypropylene composites: Mechanical properties and acoustic emission study

Basalt fiber reinforced, polypropylene matrix hybrid composites were manufactured in the process of carding, needle-punching and pressing. Hemp, glass and carbon fibers were applied besides basalt fiber in these composites. In order to achieve a sufficient interfacial adhesion, the fibers were treated with the reaction mixture of maleic acid anhydride and sunflower oil. The hybrid effect in these composites was examined as a function of fiber content and fiber combination. The strength properties of hybrid composites improved owing to surface treatment and this was proven by mechanical tests and microscopic analysis, as well. Acoustic emission methods revealed that there is a correlation between the physical parameters of sound waves that occurred during failure and the mechanical properties.     

Mechanical,thermal expansion,and flammability properties of co-extruded wood polymer composites with basalt fiber reinforced shells

Basalt fiber (BF) filled high density polyethylene (HDPE) and co-extruded wood plastic composites (WPCs) with BF/HDPE composite shell were successfully prepared and their mechanical, morphological and thermal properties characterized. The BFs had an average diameter of 7 μm with an organic surfactant surface coating, which was thermally decomposed at about 210 °C. Incorporating BFs into HDPE matrix substantially enhanced flexural, tensile and dynamic modulus without causing a noticeable decrease in the tensile and impact strength of the composites. Micromechanical modeling of tensile properties for the BF/HDPE composites showed a good fit of the selected models to the experimental data. Compared to neat HDPE, BF/HDPE composites had reduced linear coefficient of thermal expansion (LCTE) values. The use of the pure HDPE and BF/HDPE layers over a WPC core greatly improved impact strength of core–shell structured composites. However, the relatively less-stiff HDPE shell with large LCTE values decreased the overall composite modulus and thermal stability. Both flexural and thermal expansion properties were enhanced with BF reinforced HDPE shells, leading to well-balanced properties of core–shell structured material. Cone calorimetry analysis indicated that flammability performance of core–shell structured composites was improved as the BF content increased in the shell layer.     

碳纤维增强油井水泥石的力学性能

油井水泥石在井下易脆裂,造成油井层间封隔失效,进而影响油井开采。为了解决这一问题,需要对水泥石进行降脆增韧。首先,考察了甲基纤维素和羧甲基纤维素对碳纤维的分散效果;然后,研究了碳纤维对油井水泥石抗压强度、抗折强度和劈裂抗拉强度的影响,并模拟井下环境测试了水泥石单轴和三轴应力-应变曲线;最后,使用扫描电子显微镜对碳纤维增强水泥石的微观形貌进行观察,探讨碳纤维对水泥石的增韧机制。结果表明:0.2wt%的羧甲基纤维素溶液可有效分散碳纤维;养护28d后,0.3wt%碳纤维增强水泥石的抗压强度、抗折强度和劈裂抗拉强度较纯水泥石的分别提高8.6%、31.5%和52.4%,三轴直接加载条件下,其弹性模量较纯水泥石的低49.5%;经过分散的碳纤维在水泥石中乱向分布,形成三维网络结构,通过桥联、剥离及拔出耗能作用增强水泥石。研究结果为解决油井水泥石易脆裂的问题提供了理论参考。     

Mechanical behavior of Kevlar/basalt reinforced polypropylene composites

In this study, mechanical behavior of thermoplastic composites reinforced with two-dimensional plain woven homogeneous and hybrid fabrics of Kevlar/basalt yarns was studied. Five types (two homogeneous and three hybrids) of composite laminates were manufactured using compression molding technique with polypropylene (PP) resin. Static tensile and in-plane compression tests were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of the laminates. The tension and in-plane compression tests had shown that the composites with the combination of Kevlar and basalt yarns present better tensile and in-plane compressive behavior as compared to their base composites. Improvement in the properties such as elastic modulus, strength and failure strain in both tension and in-plane compression was observed due to the hybridization. Numerical simulations were performed in ABAQUS/Standard by implementing a user-defined material subroutine (VUMAT) based on Chang-Chang criteria. Good agreement between the experimental and numerical simulations was achieved in terms of damage patterns.     

A short review on basalt fiber reinforced polymer composites

A recent increase in the use of ecofriendly, natural fibers as reinforcement for the fabrication of lightweight, low cost polymer composites can be seen globally. One such material of interest currently being extensively used is basalt fiber, which is cost-effective and offers exceptional properties over glass fibers. The prominent advantages of these composites include high specific mechano-physico-chemical properties, biodegradability, and non-abrasive qualities to name a few. This article presents a short review on basalt fibers used as a reinforcement material for composites and discusses them as an alternative to the use of glass fibers. The paper also discusses the basics of basalt chemistry and its classification. Apart from this, an attempt to showcase the increasing trend in research publications and activity in the area of basalt fibers is also covered. Further sections discuss the improvement in mechanical, thermal and chemical resistant properties achieved for applications in specific industries.