Structural characteristics of spherical Ni（OH）2 and its charge／discharge process mechanism

Spherical Ni(OH)2 particles were prepared by an aqueous solution precipitation route. The structure of spherical Ni(OH)2 was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and compared with that of traditional Ni(OH)2. The results show that the spherical nickel hydroxide consists of Ni(OH)2 spheres with a reticulate structure of platelet-like, which is almost arranged radially and the crystalline grains intervene and connect with each other to form a three-dimensional net. The spherical Ni(OH)2 particle is full of pores,crannies between cleave planes. It is supposed that this structure is beneficial to the structural stability for the spherical particles during the charge/discharge processes and can improve the cycle life of the electrode; the pores and the crannies in spherical particles can shorten the proton diffusion distance and speed its velocity, which may result in that the local polarization is lowered. The electrochemical performances of the spherical Ni(OH)2 are improved by enhancing the conducting properties of the crystalline lattice due to its quick proton diffusion.     

Fabrication and characterization of highly ordered Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanowire/tube arrays by sol-gel template method

Highly ordered nanowire/tube arrays of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 were fabricated by the sol-gel method in the pores of anodic alu- mina membrane (AAM). Whether nanowires or nanotubes were fabricated depends on immersion time. The immersion time was 15-40 s for nanotubes and over 60 s for nanowires. The topography and crystalline structure of the nanowire arrays were character- ized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the length and diameter of the Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanowires are related to the thickness of the AAM and the diameter of the pores. The results indicated that the Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanowires are uniform and parallel to each other.     

Template growth mechanism of spherical Ni（OH）2

The microstructures and growth process characteristics precipitation-crystallization method were investigated by SEM, TEM of spherical Ni（OH）2 particles synthesized by the aqueous and XRD, and their growth mechanism was discussed. With the reaction beginning and continuing, amorphous Ni（OH）2 nano-crystallites grow up to spherical micron-particles with radially arranged crystallites. The nucleation, crystallization and re-crystallization led by Ostwald ripening simultaneously take place through the whole growth processes. With the course from reversible aggregation to irreversible agglomeration, the Ni（OH）2 particles tend to grow according to the template growth model： the growth on the crystallite templates stretching in the radius directions is free and quick, while the growth rate for crystallites in other directions is confined due to lower monomers concentration and tends to dissolve So it is only the radially arranged crystallites that predominate in the particle and lead to characteristic microstructures.     

Structural and electrochemical performance of additives-doped α-Ni(OH)2

The additives-doped α-nickel hydroxides were prepared by supersonic co-precipitation method. The crystal structure and grain size of the prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Particle size distribution (PSD), respectively. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests show that Al-Co-Y doped Ni(OH)2 has better reaction reversibility, higher proton diffusion coefficient than those of Al-Co doped Ni(OH)2. Al-Co-Y doped Ni(OH)2 also has lower charge-transfer resistance as shown by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Charge/discharge tests show that the discharge capacity of Al-Co-Y doped Ni(OH)2 reaches 328 mAh/g at 0.2 C and 306 mAh/g at 0.5 C, while Al-Co doped Ni(OH)2 can only discharge a capacity of 308 mAh/g at 0.2 C and 267 mAh/g at 0.5 C.     

锐钛矿型TiO2多孔薄膜的室温制备及其机理研究

为在低温条件下制备多孔性TiO2薄膜,采用具有锐钛矿晶粒的TiO2溶胶与苯丙乳液混合制得涂膜液,通过浸渍提拉法制备薄膜,利用甲苯选择性地将薄膜中的苯丙乳液粒子溶解去除,制备出锐钛矿型TiO2多孔薄膜.使用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)以及Zeta电位等分析测试方法对其制备机理进行了探讨.结果表明,TiO2溶胶与苯丙乳液混合后,陈化时间的延长有利于TiO2胶粒通过静电、氢键作用在苯丙乳液粒子表面形成吸附层,从而改变涂膜液的成膜性,形成较为密集、且均匀分布的岛状多孔结构,在此基础上经两次涂膜,即可获得具有致密孔洞的TiO2多孔薄膜     

pH对掺杂Zn纳米Ni(OH)2电化学性能的影响

为研究pH值对掺锌氢氧化镍电化学性能的影响,采用沉淀转化法在不同pH下制备出掺杂Zn的纳米Ni(OH)₂. 利用XRD和TEM对材料的结构和微观形貌进行分析,利用循环伏安技术和恒流充放电技术对材料的电化学性能进行研究. 结果表明,pH=10时制备的材料是α型纳米Ni(OH)₂,随着pH的增大,材料逐渐变成α-Ni(OH)₂和β-Ni(OH)₂的混合物,且材料的团聚逐渐严重. pH的变化对材料的电化学性能影响明显. 随着pH的增加,材料的质子扩散系数增大;与pH=10时制备的材料相比,pH=12时制备的材料02C和3C放电比容量分别提高了20％和27％.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of 3D flowerlike a-Ni(OH)_2 nanostructures for supercapacitor application

Three-dimensional flowerlike ?-Ni(OH)2 nanostructures were successfully synthesized by the microwave-assisted reflux as short as 30 min. The crystalline structure and morphology of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The ?-Ni(OH)2 nanostructure shows a large surface area of 173 m2 g?1 and narrow mesopore distribution. The electrochemical properties of the as-prepared ?-Ni(OH)2 as an electrode material for supercapacitor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements in 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte. The ?-Ni(OH)2 nanostructure shows a maximum specific capacitance of 2030 F g?1 at a current density of 1 A g?1 and exhibits excellent rate capability. These results suggest that it is a promising electrode material for supercapacitor application.     

Hydraulicity of Wet-milling Ultra-fine Grouting Cement

The physical and mechanical properties of wet-milling ultra-fine grouting cement were studied,and its microstructure was abserted through modern instrwnentation analysis such as scanning electronic micoscoty (SEM),X-ray diffraction and Hg-intrusion micromeritics ,The experimertal results indicate that wet-milling ultra-fine cement possesses high rheological properties and groutability,It can be filles densely in cracks of rock and hydrate fully,which may endow hydrated cemetnt with high mechanical strength Main hydration products of wetmilling ultra-fine cement are poorly crystalline G-S-H(I),acicular AFt and plank-shape Ca(OH)2,The dense crystal-netwonk structure can be formed in the rock gaps filled with cement psate ,but some weak regions exist owing to Ca(OH)2,The features of micro-pore structure of hydrated wet-milling ultra-fine cement are few big harmful pores,abundant harmless micro pores and little most possible pore radius.     

超微颗粒尺寸测量方法比较研究

应用x射线衍射线线宽法、透射电镜法、比表面积法和激光粒度分析法对自制的Ni(OH)2超微粉及标准颗粒度的样品进行比较分析,探讨了分析原理、颗粒形状等因素对粒径测试准确度的影响．实验结果表明：由球形颗粒组成的超微粉,透射电镜法和激光粒度分析法分析的结果均比较准确;4种方法对由不规则形状颗粒组成的超微粉分析结果相差悬殊,应采用不同的测试方法比较以得出可信的颗粒尺寸．实验证实,样品在分散介质中的分散程度对超微颗粒尺寸测量结果有较大影响,测量前对超微粉进行充分的分散是得出准确结果的前提．     

纳米Ni/SiO2核壳结构粒子的制备和表征

采用微波多元醇法制备了纳米Ni粒子,再通过水解正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)得到SiO2,实现对纳米Ni粒子的表面包覆,形成Ni/SiO2核壳结构。通过X射线衍射和透射电镜对包覆前后的粒子进行了观察分析。结果表明,微波多元醇法制备的Ni纳米粒子平均粒径100 nm,分散较均匀;包覆后的Ni粒子表面有一层非晶态的SiO2壳层,壳层的厚度随TEOS的浓度增大而增加。     

Preparation of crystalline Mg(OH)_2 nanopowder from serpentinite mineral

In this paper we describe a route to produce crystalline Mg(OH)2 nanopowders from serpentinite ore distributed in the Halilovskiy array(Russia, Orenburg region). An efficient extraction route consisting of treatment on serpentinite in 40% HNO_3 at 80 °C followed by NH_4OH titration for Mg(OH)_2 precipitation was demonstrated. In this study, crystalline Mg(OH)2 nanopowders have been synthesized by solvothermal reaction method using(Mg(NO_3)_2á6H_2O) which were obtained from serpentinite, NH4 OH as a precipitator, and hydroxyethylated nonylphenol as surface-active substance. Microstructure and phase composition of samples were investigated employing scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray phase analysis(XRD), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES). XRD reveals that Mg(OH)2 nanopowder with high purity has the brucite structure. It was found that crystalline Mg(OH)_2 nanopowders exclusively consist of lamellar-like structures and the sizes of Mg(OH)_2 are 30–265 nm length or width.     

Template Effect on Structure and Morphology of Ni(OH)2 Powders Prepared by Hydro-chemical Method

Ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｐｏｗｄｅｒｓａｒｅｃｌｏｓｅｌｙｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｉｒｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓａｎｄｍｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ ,ｍａｉｎｌｙｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｉｚｅ,ｓｈａｐｅａｎｄｃｒｙｓｔａｌｌｉｎｉｔｙｏｆｐｏｗｄｅｒｓ[1].Ｆｏｒｐｏｗｄｅｒｓｐｒｅｐａｒｅｄｂｙｈｙｄｒｏ ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄ ,ｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌａｎｄｍｏｒ ｐｈｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｆｐｏｗｄｅｒｓｗｅｒｅｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙｒｅａｌｉｚｅｄｂｙｔｈｅａｄｊｕｓｔｍ…     

Electrochemical performance of nano-scale β-Ni(OH)2 prepared at different transformations of pH value

The influence of transforming pH values on the electrochemical performance of nano-scale Ni(OH)2was analyzed. The measurement results of XRD indicate that the nano-scale Ni (OH)2 prepared at different transformations of pH value is β( Ⅱ )-phase with different crystal lattice parameters. Cyclic voltammograms (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) measurement results show that transformations of pH value affect the proton diffusion coefficient (D) and charge-transfer resistance (Rct) of the material. The simu-lation of cell experiment shows that the sample prepared at a pH of 10. 1 exhibits the maximum specific capacity(327. 8 mAh/g) and higher discharge platform, the discharge performance of electrodes depends on both D and Rct, so the kinetics characteristics that electrodes reaction is controlled by both mass-transfer step and charge-transfer step are put forward.     

Effect of pozzolanic reaction products on alkali-silica reaction

1 IntroductionThe use of fly ashto control the expansion dueto al-kali-silica reaction (ASR) is well established and a num-ber of reviews have been published recently[1-4]. Howflyash brings about this reductionin expansionis not yet un-derstood although a number of theories have been put for-ward to explain its action. For controlling mechanism,they put more emphasis onthe adsorption andresort of al-kali by supplementary cementing material (SCM) , formore acidity oxide in SCM,and the secon…     

电化学除盐对混凝土微观结构的影响

设计了一套钢筋混凝土的电化学除盐循环装置,研究了用0.001 mol/L Li2B4O7 氢氧化钙饱和溶液、氢氧化钙溶液以及蒸馏水作电解液的除盐效率,并用SEM和EDS等方法进行微观结构分析,结果表明:用0.001 mol/L Li2B4O7 氢氧化钙饱和溶液作电解液最有利于混凝土中Cl-的排除,并且经电化学除盐处理后混凝土水化产物中C-S-H凝胶分解,Ca(OH)2增多,并在孔壁形成沉淀,堵塞毛细孔,使表层混凝土孔隙率降低,而钢筋与混凝土界面Ca/Si增大。     

Ni(OH)_2和NiO空心球壳的纳米构筑

以苯乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(PSA)乳胶粒为模板,分别制备了结构新颖的α-Ni(OH)2和Ni O的空心球壳。在适宜的条件下,首先在PSA乳胶粒表面生长一层Ni(OH)2,制得核壳结构的复合微球。用有机溶剂溶去模板得到Ni(OH)2空心球壳;在空气中焙烧除去模板,得到的是Ni O空心球壳。经物相分析表明壳层是α-Ni(OH)2。用TEM、SEM对核壳结构微球和空心微球的形貌和微结构进行分析。结果表明,壳层是由片状的Ni(OH)2纳米晶构筑而成,焙烧后得到的Ni O空心球壳是由片状的Ni O纳米晶构筑而成。     

Spherical and radiate Ni particles prepared by the tartrate precipitation and thermal decomposition method

Nickel tartrate precursor particles were synthesized by the liquid phase precipitation method in an ethanol-water-ammonia mixed solution, with tartaric acid and using nickel chlorate as raw materials, with the pH value controlled at 4.0, and the temperature controlled at 50 °C. Nickel particles with complicated morphology were prepared by the decomposition of nickel taratrate precursor particles at temperatures of 360, 380 and 400 °C, respectively. The study of infrared spectroscopy (IR) indicated that the product was pure nickel tartrate. The studies of the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and organic elemental analysis (OEA) indicated that the molar ratio of Ni²⁺ to (C₄H₄O₆)^2? is close to 1:1. The studies of the differential scanning calorimeter and thermo-gravimetric analysis (DSC-TG) indicated that the chemical formula Ni₂(C₄H₄O₆)₂·5H₂O was confirmed. The studies of X-ray diffractions (XRD) indicated that the silvery white metal powders were pure Ni, with a face-centered cubic crystal structure. The images of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the morphology of metal Ni particles was obvious spherical and radiate. The diameter of nickel tartrate particles was about 60 μm, which consisted of many nanolathes; and the diameter of metal Ni particles was about 30 μm, which consisted of many lathes about 0.5 μm in thickness.     

Behavior of NiCrAIY coating on the TC6 titanium alloy

A NiCrAlY coating was deposited on the TC6 titanium substrate by arc ion plating (AIP). The structure and morphologies of the NiCrAlY coating were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the influence of vacuum heat treatment on the element diffusion behavior was studied. The results showed that the γ'-Ni3Al phase was precipitated on the NiCrAlY coating after heat treatment. The Ni3(Al,Ti), TiNi, and Ti2Ni intermetallic layers appeared at the interface from the outside to the inside at 700°C, and the thickness of the intermetallic layers increased with the increase in temperature. At 700°C Ti and Ni were the major diffusion elements, and the diffusion of Cr was observed when the heat treatment temperature increased up to 870°C. The violent inward diffusion of Ni at 950°C resulted in the degradation of the NiCrAlY coating.     

Study on High Power MH/Ni Battery for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Metal hydride-nickel cell is one of the best choices for hybrid electric vehicle for its high specific energy density, security, reliability and renewability. However, its poor capability under high temperature and low specific power restrict its applications. Our studies on the metal hydride-nickel cell with different loading densities show that Ni(OH)₂ with CoOOH has good oxidation and reduction properties and proton spread rate when the loading density is 0.617kg/m². The power density and energy density can be as high as 1250W/kg and 49.4W ·h/kg respectively when Ni(OH)₂ with CoOOH was used in high power battery with the nickel foam.     

质子交换膜燃料电池阴极有序催化层数学模拟

建立了质子交换膜燃料电池阴极有序催化层的二维数学模型以分析影响性能的主要因素并优化结构参数.模型方程涉及质子、电子传导,气体扩散和电化学反应等过程,并以有限元法求解.计算结果表明,阴极有序催化层通过降低传质阻力而显著提高了电化学性能;影响传递性能的主要因素是O2通过电解质膜的扩散,电子和质子传导以及O2的气相扩散作用不大;降低碳载体和气孔直径、增加催化层厚度主要通过增加催化剂载量改善催化层性能,而减小电解质膜厚度可以促进O2扩散而提高催化层性能.