平流沉淀法处理纸机废水的运行效果

民丰集团公司西排口主要是排放生产卷烟纸、滤嘴棒纸、电容器纸和多种特种工业用纸的纸机废水以及给水沉淀池排泥水和黄砂滤池反冲水。在′９８太湖流域达标排放限期治理工作中，根据该废水的具体特点，实施了西区废水处理工程建设。利用排放口天然河滨设计改造成平流式沉淀池。１９９８年８月竣工投运后，取得了良好效果。一、处理工艺流程和设计主要依据分析多年监测数据，发现该废水含有较多的泥沙和填料，水体颗粒自身的沉降性尚好。废水中主要处理对象为ＣＯＤＣｒ、ＳＳ，其中ＣＯＤＣｒ又以非溶性、不可降解ＣＯＤＣｒ为主约占７０％…     

火电厂脱硫废水处理工艺的设计

根据我国火电厂对于脱硫废水的处理现状,有针对性的设计具体的处理工艺方法。在原有设计的基础之上将脱硫废水的处理进行再升级设计改造。在升级的脱硫废水处理工艺运行过程中,排放污水的主要指标成分分析都已经满足了我国对于排污的规定标准。新型处理方式针对大多数有害化学离子沉淀的比率高,覆盖广,提高了废水净化程度。     

烟草企业废水处理及再生回用技术的应用

通过对烟草加工企业产生的废水特点、不同废水处理工艺和烟草生产废水的分析等,开发了以膜-生物反应器为核心的烟草行业污水再生回用工艺技术和反渗透技术,并利用该反应器建立了烟草加工企业水系统循环、处理及回用系统工艺流程。试验结果表明,经过该膜-生物反应器一级处理后的出水COD、浊度、色度等水质指标可以满足国家标准,经过进一步深化处理的水可用于锅炉和空调。该废水处理及再生回用技术每年可为徐州卷烟厂创造经济效益58·4万元。     

染色废水处理改造方案研究与实施

为更好地发展当地经济,提高人居环境,响应姜堰市委、市政府正在努力创建"生态市"的号召,江苏嘉晟染织有限公司决定对染色废水处理系统实施再次改造。首先介绍了公司目前染色废水处理现状,指出了公司废水处理系统中存在的问题,并提出需要整改的项目,然后对比三套废水处理系统改造方案,综合考虑,最终确定江苏亚同环保科技有限公司设计的方案,实施并完成计划的染色废水改造工程。从改造完成到目前为止,在有关的环境行为评比工作中,我公司都名列前茅,连续几年被环保部门评为"绿色等级"企业。     

新型异型斜管沉淀池的设计和研究

以废水处理工艺为基础,对沉淀池的结构进行了详细比较,设计出一种新型的异型斜管沉淀池,有效地增强废水处理能力。     

制革废水氨氮达标和脱氮处理技术分析

从制革废水脱氮机理入手,分析了现有制革废水处理工程难以实现氨氮达标和脱氮的原因,提出了现有制革废水处理工程改造技术和新设计工程技术要点,并列举了制革废水A/O脱氮工艺设计计算方法及运行控制技术要点.     

BCTMP废水处理研究和工程应用

监测了国内某BCTMP化机浆生产线废水发生量、污染负荷。结果表明,该废水最高COD浓度6625mg/l,平均COD4622mg/l,BOD/COD为0.25,属高浓难处理有机废水。经过系统试验,提出了斜网-初沉-水解-ABR厌氧-连续SBR-混凝的化机浆废水处理新工艺,然后设计建造了总容积15000m^3的废水处理工程,处理后废水各项指标全部达到了国家标准。在制浆废水处理工程中,首次采用了ABR折流式厌氧技术,节省了工程投资和运行费用;首次采用了连续SBE技术,废水净化率高,解决了用普通活性污泥法处理高温废水易发生污泥膨胀的难题。     

BCTMP高浓废水处理工程设计和运行实践

某速生杉木BCTMP生产线废水发生量的时波动系数1.79,日波动系数1.60,总波动系数2.86.针对这条生产线的废水状况,研究设计了粗滤-初沉-水解-ABR厌氧-连续SBR-混凝的化机浆废水处理流程并建造了处理工程设施.其中沉淀池运行中加入SBR排泥,SS去除率提高了7个百分点,CODCr的去除率提高了6.5个百分点,减少了后续二级生物处理有机物的负荷量,曝气电耗下降,单位处理成本降低.沉淀池中,SS和CODCr去除率之间存在线性相关关系:y=0.801x-3.440,R2=0.713.设计和廊用ABR厌氧反应器,其建设投资仅为同规模内循环式厌氧反应器的25%左右.连续SBR系统的应用,解决了污泥膨胀难题.     

合建式曝气沉淀池沉淀区不稳定原因的分析

完全混合合建式曝气沉淀池已广泛地运用于印染、炼油、石油化工、农药等废水处理,实践证明,已有成效。曝气叶轮常采用我国自行设计的充氧效率高、提升能力强的泵型叶轮。这种曝气沉淀池作为治理废水、保护环境发挥了积极作用,但在具体的工程实践过程中,尚存在一些问题。例如:有的已投产的曝气沉淀池达不到设计负荷;有的沉淀区积泥、翻泥,不能长期稳定运行;有的     

酸洗生产中水处理设备的应用及维护

钢丝酸洗过程中产生大量的工业废水,严重污染生产环境。介绍酸洗废水处理系统的基本组成及设备运行过程中的注意事项。各主要设备的作用:混合反应池进行废水中和及悬浮物混凝反应,斜板沉淀池利用物理法净化水中的悬浮物,气浮净水器用于净化水中的细小杂质和油,机械过滤器用于过滤水中的黏结胶质状颗粒,活性炭过滤器用于吸附微小有机物和除臭。在废水处理过程中注意药剂的配置并严格控制絮凝剂和凝聚剂投放量,改进污水池和耐酸泵。运行结果表明,含酸废水处理系统处理的废水符合《钢铁工业水污染物排放标准》要求。     

带选择器的好氧活性污泥法处理制浆混合废水

介绍了采用初沉池+带选择器的好氧活性污泥池处理制浆混合废水的工艺流程和工艺参数,并对实际运行效果进行了分析。     

造纸废水处理系统运行控制及故障解决实例

某制浆造纸企业废水处理站由于车间生产不稳定,运行中存在废水水量波动大,初沉池处理效果差,曝气池污泥老化,二沉池浮渣等故障。经现场综合调查化验分析,对系统故障采取了有效的解决办法,系统逐渐恢复正常,出水水质达到了《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》(GB3544-2008)。     

2015年吉林省地方特色食品辣白菜中常用添加剂和硝酸盐含量监测结果分析

目的：分析了解2015年吉林省特色食品朝鲜族辣白菜的质量状况,为今后开展风险评估、制定地方标准、跟踪评价企业标准提供数据资料。方法：分别在延边州地区、吉林市地区、长春市地区、通化市地区和白城市地区等超市、农贸市场采集100份辣白菜样品,采用分光光度法和液相色谱法测定硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、苯甲酸、山梨酸和糖精钠的含量,并根据《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂食用标准》(GB 2760-2014),对检测结果进行分析评价。结果：吉林省地方特色食品朝鲜族辣白菜中苯甲酸、山梨酸、糖精钠和亚硝酸盐都有不同程度的检出,检出率分别为34%、19% 、5%和82%,其中各有1份样品苯甲酸、山梨酸含量超标,有2份样品中亚硝酸盐含量超标;所有样品中均检出硝酸盐,检出含量范围为114mg/kg—3010mg/kg。结论：定型包装的辣白菜要重点监测食品添加剂的使用情况,同时由于硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的含量和检测率都比较高,建议应避开腌渍初期食用辣白菜。     

Stability of Sorbic Acid in Model Food Systems of Reduced Water Activity: Sugar Solutions

The behavior of sorbic acid in model systems comprised of concentrated sugar solutions (water activity 0.94) at pH 3.5 and 4.5 was studied. Sorbic acid degraded appreciably as a function of time and temperature during storage and its destruction could be described by first-order kinetics. The rate constants of sorbic acid destruction were found to be related to composition of the sugar model system. Non-enzymatic browning reactions which occur in systems containing lysine greatly influenced the kinetics of sorbic acid destruction.     

Behavior of metallic silver nanoparticles in a pilot wastewater treatment plant

We investigated the behavior of metallic silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP) in a pilot wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) fed with municipal wastewater. The treatment plant consisted of a nonaerated and an aerated tank and a secondary clarifier. The average hydraulic retention time including the secondary clarifier was 1 day and the sludge age was 14 days. Ag-NP were spiked into the nonaerated tank and samples were collected from the aerated tank and from the effluent. Ag concentrations determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were in good agreement with predictions based on mass balance considerations. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses confirmed that nanoscale Ag particles were sorbed to wastewater biosolids, both in the sludge and in the effluent. Freely dispersed nanoscale Ag particles were only observed in the effluent during the initial pulse spike. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements indicated that most Ag in the sludge and in the effluent was present as Ag(2)S. Results from batch experiments suggested that Ag-NP transformation to Ag(2)S occured in the nonaerated tank within less than 2 h. Physical and chemical transformations of Ag-NP in WWTPs control the fate, the transport and also the toxicity and the bioavailability of Ag-NP and therefore must be considered in future risk assessments.     

Removal of organics and degradation products from industrial wastewater by a membrane bioreactor integrated with ozone or UV/H₂O₂ treatment

The treatment of a pharmaceutical wastewater resulting from the production of an antibacterial drug (nalidixic acid) was investigated employing a membrane bioreactor (MBR) integrated with either ozonation or UV/H(2)O(2) process. This was achieved by placing chemical oxidation in the recirculation stream of the MBR. A conventional configuration with chemical oxidation as polishing for the MBR effluent was also tested as a reference. The synergistic effect of MBR when integrated with chemical oxidation was assessed by monitoring (i) the main wastewater characteristics, (ii) the concentration of nalidixic acid, (iii) the 48 organics identified in the raw wastewater and (iv) the 55 degradation products identified during wastewater treatment. Results showed that MBR integration with ozonation or UV/H(2)O(2) did not cause relevant drawbacks to both biological and filtration processes, with COD removal rates in the range 85-95%. Nalidixic acid passed undegraded through the MBR and was completely removed in the chemical oxidation step. Although the polishing configuration appeared to give better performances than the integrated system in removing 15 out of 48 secondary organics while similar removals were obtained for 19 other compounds. The benefit of the integrated system was however evident for the removal of the degradation products. Indeed, the integrated system allowed higher removals for 34 out of 55 degradation products while for only 4 compounds the polishing configuration gave better performance. Overall, results showed the effectiveness of the integrated treatment with both ozone and UV/H(2)O(2).     

江西省居民膳食中山梨酸及其钾盐暴露风险评估

目的评估江西省居民膳食中山梨酸及其钾盐的暴露水平和潜在健康风险。方法利用2012—2016年江西省食品中山梨酸及其钾盐含量数据、2016年江西省居民食物消费量调查数据,采用简单分布评估法计算江西省居民膳食中山梨酸及其钾盐的暴露水平,并进行健康风险评估。结果江西省居民膳食中山梨酸及其钾盐每日平均暴露量及每日高暴露量(P95)分别为0.031和0.085 mg/kg BW,分别占暂定组每日允许摄入量(ADI,3 mg/kg BW)的1.03%和2.83%。西式糕点、大米制品、熟肉制品是江西省居民膳食中山梨酸及其钾盐暴露的主要来源,贡献率达到总膳食暴露量的75%以上。如果严格执行GB 2760—2014《食品安全国家标准食品添加剂使用标准》中关于山梨酸及其钾盐限量规定,江西省居民膳食中山梨酸及其钾盐每日平均暴露量和每日高暴露量分别下降25.7%～49.5%和14.5%～27.9%,西式糕点、果蔬汁类饮料、新型豆制品则成为膳食中山梨酸及其钾盐暴露的主要来源。结论目前江西省居民膳食中山梨酸及其钾盐暴露量对人群健康造成的风险较低,处于可接受水平,但仍有部分暴露来源于食品添加剂滥用,需要关注。     

纯棉布印染废水采用全生化无污泥处理技术的改造

无污泥全生化印染污水处理技术处理针织、化纤印染废水已经很成熟,而处理高浓度纯棉布的印染废水在通过几个改造工程的运行证明亦是可行的。条件是要有具备社会责任感的企业主的认可和资金的筹备落实、场地池容的保证及企业的协调和配合。这样的企业,污水处理改造后的出水就能很好地达到设计的要求。     

山梨酸纳米防腐颗粒的制备、表征及其缓释性能

为扩大山梨酸在肉品保鲜上的应用范围,克服其水溶性差的缺陷,采用离子凝胶法制备山梨酸壳聚糖纳米防腐颗粒。以颗粒粒径与包封率为参考指标,通过单因素及正交试验考察壳聚糖质量浓度、三聚磷酸钠质量浓度、交联时间、山梨酸质量浓度、搅拌时间等因素对颗粒粒径与包封率的影响,确定最优制备工艺。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱,透射电镜对颗粒进一步表征,并考察其体外释放性能。结果表明,制备山梨酸壳聚糖纳米粒的最佳工艺为壳聚糖质量浓度1 mg/mL、三聚磷酸钠质量浓度0.5 mg/mL、交联时间30 min、山梨酸质量浓度 1 mg/mL,该条件下山梨酸颗粒平均粒径为337.2 nm,包封率为74.3%;红外光谱表明壳聚糖与山梨酸静电吸附,山梨酸被包封;透射电镜图表明所制颗粒大小均匀,呈规则球形;缓释实验表明：24 h山梨酸的释放量为50%,纳米防腐颗粒具有一定的缓释特性。     

Effect of novel water-soluble polymeric forms of sorbic acid against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-cucumerinum

New controlled release water-soluble formulations of sorbic (2,4-hexadienoic) acid were prepared and their inhibitory activity on mycelium growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-cucumerinum was evaluated. The new products are epoxidized polymers of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) containing covalently bonded sorbic acid (polymeric esters of sorbic acid) and complexes of PVP with hydrogen bonded sorbic acid, characterized by controlled release of sorbic acid. It was shown that the polymeric complexes of sorbic acid with PVP were more effective fungicidal agents than sorbic acid polymeric esters. In all cases the activity of polymeric derivatives (esters and complexes) was increased by lowering the molecular weight of the polymeric carriers. Controlled release formulations of these polymeric derivatives are new promising products due to their low toxicity, wide range of efficient concentrations for application and ability to regulate lyophilicity. Our data contribute to the understanding of the action mechanism of various polymeric sorbic acid formulations and can result in products which are particularly suitable for food and feed protection applications.