正丁醇提取油茶饼粕中茶油和茶皂素的研究

为了充分利用冷榨油茶饼粕,采用正丁醇提取冷榨饼粕中的茶油和茶皂素,对浸提时间、次数、温度以及料液比进行了单因素试验。利用Box-Benhnken试验设计及响应面分析方法进行优化。用气质联用仪对试验提取的茶油和冷榨茶油中的脂肪酸成分进行测量和比较。结果表明,在浸提次数4次、料液比1∶1.36、温度80℃、浸提时间2.57 h条件下,茶油提取率(92.88±1.41)%,茶皂素提取率(43.2±0.94)%。通过气质分析发现,正丁醇提取的茶油和冷榨茶油的化学成分相似,表明正丁醇法提取的茶油能很好的保持茶油原有的品质。     

离子液体超声辅助提取磷脂酰肌醇

以大豆粉末磷脂为原料,采用离子液体超声波辅助萃取的方法对磷脂酰肌醇进行了分离提取研究。考察了不同萃取次数、料液比、乙醇-离子液体(氢氧化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑,[Bmim]OH)溶剂比、萃取温度、萃取时间和萃取功率对磷脂酰肌醇纯度和提取率的影响。结果表明:萃取次数3次,料液比1∶12(w/v),溶剂乙醇-[Bmim]OH体积比100∶7(v/v),萃取温度35℃,萃取时间15 min,萃取功率360 W条件下磷脂酰肌醇的纯度为79.53%±3.26%,提取率为68.26%±1.15%。     

蜂幼虫分离蛋白提取研究

研究采用"碱溶酸沉"原理,对蜂幼虫蛋白质进行提取。主要讨论料液比、浸提碱液pH值、浸提时间等条件对提取率及纯度的影响,确定最佳提取条件。结果表明:料液比1∶2,pH值10.5,温度20℃,浸提2.5h。各因素对提取率的影响强弱关系:提取时间>提取温度>浸提pH>料液比。所得产品蜂蛋白质粉液提取率42.03%,纯度为61.22%。     

响应面法优化燕麦全粉中蛋白质提取工艺

采用传统碱溶酸沉法对燕麦全粉中的蛋白质进行提取,考察pH、温度、料液比、时间等因素对燕麦蛋白提取率的影响。在单因素试验基础上,利用二次正交旋转组合试验进行因素水平优化,由方差分析和响应面分析选出最佳因素水平为pH 11、温度35℃、料液比1∶20(m∶V)、提取时间1.2h,该条件下燕麦蛋白质提取率达到64.47%,纯度为80.21%(干基)。     

乙醇萃取菜籽油卵磷脂的工艺研究

为充分利用菜籽油磷脂资源,研究了乙醇萃取菜籽油粉末磷脂中的卵磷脂的工艺。考虑了萃取体系中酒精浓度、固液比、萃取时间、萃取温度及体系pH对萃取效果的影响。并应用曲面响应法优化了萃取条件。在最优萃取条件:料液比1∶6.8,温度41.87℃,乙醇浓度93.77%,萃取时间41.96min下卵磷脂纯度达到46.48%,比原料中卵磷脂提高了4.89倍,提取率为93.29%。     

L-半胱氨酸处理对玉米醇溶蛋白提取的影响

在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化玉米醇溶蛋白(zein)的提取工艺,研究L-半胱氨酸用量、液料比、超声波时间、超声波温度、pH值因素对玉米醇溶蛋白提取率的影响,并确定最佳工艺条件为L-半胱氨酸用量0.65%、液料比7:1、超声波时间1.5h、超声波温度40℃、pH5.0,在此条件下得到最终玉米醇溶蛋白提取率为89.06%,纯度为92.51%。     

粟米米糠水溶性蛋白的提取工艺优化

以粟米米糠为原料,采用碱溶酸沉法提取其中蛋白质并对提取工艺进行响应面优化。探讨了pH、提取温度、提取时间、水料比等因素对粟米米糠蛋白质提取率的影响。在单因素实验结果的基础上,选取了影响蛋白质提取率的3个关键因素(水料比、温度、pH)进行三因素三水平Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计,以蛋白质提取率为响应值,建立数学模型并得到粟米米糠蛋白质提取最佳条件为:提取时间1.5h、pH10、提取温度46℃、水料比11∶1,蛋白质提取率达到79.15%。     

响应面法优化玉米胚芽分离蛋白的提取工艺

以玉米胚芽为原料,利用碱溶酸沉法从脱脂玉米胚芽粉提取分离蛋白的.运用单因素实验研究不同pH值,液料比,时间,温度4个因素对分离蛋白提取率的影响.根据单因素实验的结果分析,设计pH值,液料比,温度和蛋白质提取率的响应面实验.实验结果表明,影响玉米胚芽分离蛋白提取率的主要因素依次是:pH值、液料比、温度.在最优条件为浸提时间60 min,pH 9,温度50.46℃、液料比10.79∶1(mL∶g)时,提取率为55.71％,纯度可达到90％左右.     

响应面法优化红小豆豆渣中蛋白的提取工艺

采用碱溶酸沉的方法对红小豆豆渣中的蛋白进行提取。通过单因素实验考察了pH、提取温度、提取时间、料液比对蛋白提取率的影响,并通过响应面实验对蛋白的提取条件进行了优化。结果表明:在最佳提取条件下,即pH10.0、提取温度60℃、提取时间100min、料液比1∶18进行提取,提取率可达62.99%,蛋白质的纯度为93.25%。     

丙酮萃取法制取玉米蜡

以玉米蜡糊为原料,采用丙酮萃取法制取玉米蜡。通过单因素实验考察萃取时间、萃取温度、料液比、搅拌速率和萃取次数对玉米蜡提取率和纯度的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,以玉米蜡纯度和提取率为考察指标,利用正交实验优化得到最佳工艺条件。结果表明：玉米蜡的最佳制取条件为料液比1∶ 5、萃取温度50 ℃、萃取时间70 min、搅拌速率300 r/min、萃取次数4次;在最佳条件下,玉米蜡提取率为66.71%,纯度为97.23%,磷脂含量为0.18%,白度为59.86%,酸值（KOH）为0.99 mg/g,皂化值（KOH）为124.56 mg/g,水分及挥发物为0.03%,熔程为68.01～81.98 ℃,丙酮残留为14.98 mg/kg。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the