基于PSO算法的图像分割方法

针对大多数图像分割方法计算量大、不利于实时处理的缺点,提出用微粒群算法（PSO）优化最小误差分割方法.该方法不但具备最小误差分割法受目标和噪声影响小以及对小图像分割效果好的优点,还克服了遗传算法等加速算法需要预先设定众多运行参数,受目标变化影响大的问题.图像分割的效果和速度得到了提高,性能也更加稳定.实验结果反映了该方法的有效性.     

一种改进微粒群算法的图像阈值分割方法

以Kittler和Illingworth准则函数作为评价函数,提出了一种利用最小误差法和改进微粒群算法对图像进行阈值分割的方法IPSO（Improved Partical Swarm Optimization）。为了改善PSO算法,特别是在收敛速度方面的局限,IPSO算法引入遗传算法的择优思想对基本微粒群算法进行改进,使得改进后的IPSO算法具有快速的全局搜索能力。实验结果表明,对于灰度分布较复杂的图像,改进的IPSO算法不仅降低了运算开销,而且获得了满意的图像分割效果。     

基于改进遗传算法的图像分割方法

提出一种应用于图像分割的改进遗传算法,算法中引入了优生算子、改进的变异算子和新个体,避免了局部早熟,提高了收敛速度和全局收敛能力。     

基于分层遗传算法的二维最大熵图像分割

基于二维最大熵的图像分割算法充分考虑了点灰度和邻域灰度均值,较好地克服了图像中噪声带来的影响,将分层遗传算法引入到此图像分割算法中,加快了阈值搜索的收敛进度,大大提高了计算速度,有效地避免了局部最优解的情况,是一种实用有效的图像分割算法。     

基于免疫算法的图像阈值分割

在图像分割中引入人工免疫算法,利用免疫算法优化最小误差法来获取最佳阈值,图像分割的效果和速度也得到了提高,性能也更加稳定.仿真实验证明,该算法对复杂图像的良好分割效果和较强的实时处理能力.     

基于并行遗传算法的Otsu双阈值医学图像分割

传统遗传算法用于搜索某些函数极值时精确度较低且稳定性较差。针对该问题,提出了一种基于并行遗传算法的Otsu双阈值医学图像分割算法。在该算法中,进化在多个不同的子群中并行进行,避免单种群进化过程中出现的过早收敛现象,提高整个算法的收敛速度。100 次阈值计算实验结果表明,提出的分割算法与传统遗传算法相比,不仅能够对图像进行准确的分割,而且具有更强的精确性和稳定性。其收敛速度明显优于基于单种群的遗传算法的Otsu双阈值医学图像分割。     

基于改进小生境遗传算法的车牌图像分割

为避免小生境遗传算法存在的早熟和收敛速度慢等问题,结合共轭梯度法,提出了一种改进的小生境遗传算法,能加快收敛速度,改善全局最优解搜索能力。将新算法用于车牌图像分割,进行图像识别。试验表明新算法能解决车牌图像识别率低问题且识别效果好。     

一种新的核磁共振图像偏场估计和分割算法研究*

在数字医学图像处理中,对于核磁共振图像而言,灰度不均匀性将严重影响算法的性能,因此必须进行偏场的估计以消除这种不均匀性。为此,提出了一种可以同时实现核磁共振图像偏场估计和图像分割的算法。使用最小均方误差准则构建目标函数,利用偏场的光滑特性和局部特性构建约束项来加速算法的收敛速度并提高算法的性能。实验结果表明,该算法能够正确地进行图像分割和偏场校正,同时约束项能够加快算法的收敛速度和提高算法的性能。     

一种基于改进小生境遗传算法的图像分割方法

利用经典的Otsu算法和基本遗传算法相结合进行图像分割存在有算法效率低、容易提前形成伪解的问题,对于上述问题,提出一种基于改进小生境遗传算法的图像分割算法(IVNGAMS)。算法全局优化了二维Otsu图像分割函数,可以按照个体适应度大小自动控制遗传参数。并通过引入模拟退火算法,进一步提升算法的局部搜索能力。实验结果表明,改进的图像分割方法能更好提升算法的全局搜索能力,能够更加稳定快速的收敛到最佳的分割阈值,并且得到了更好的图像分割效果。     

基于混合智能学习算法的函数优化研究

为了改善人工神经网络在优化计算中的一些缺陷和提高遗传算法的局部搜索能力及收敛性能,提出了一种混合智能学习算法,采用遗传算法和误差反向传播算法(BP算法)相结合,将BP算法以一个算子的形式插入到遗传算法中,以提高利用人工神经网络和遗传算法进行优化计算的搜索能力和收敛性能;通过对实例函数的优化计算,对插入BP算子的遗传算法和传统遗传算法的优化结果进行了比较分析,结果表明BP算子的插入对遗传算法的优化性能、收敛速度和收敛精度有较大改善.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.