SHELL粉煤加压气化与新型水煤浆加压气化的技术评价

SHELL粉煤加压气化与新型水煤浆气化技术都是高效低污染的先进煤气化方法。简要介绍了壳牌(Shell)煤粉加压气化与新型水煤浆气化技术的工艺原理、技术特点及开发现状,并指出了这两种煤气化工艺技术在改造我国大中型氨厂领域内的应用前景。     

现代煤气化技术发展趋势及应用综述

现代煤气化技术是现代煤化工装置中的重要一环,涉及整个煤化工装置的正常运行。本文分别介绍了中国市场各种现代煤气化工艺应用现状,叙述汇总了其工艺特点、应用参数、市场数据等。包括第一类气流床加压气化工艺,又可分为干法煤粉加压气化工艺和湿法水煤浆加压气化工艺。干法气化代表性工艺包括Shell炉干煤粉气化、GSP炉干煤粉气化、HT-LZ航天炉干煤粉气化、五环炉(宁煤炉)干煤粉气化、二段加压气流床粉煤气化、科林炉(CCG)干煤粉气化、东方炉干煤粉气化。湿法气化代表性工艺包括 GE水煤浆加压气化、四喷嘴水煤浆加压气化、多元料浆加压气化、熔渣-非熔渣分级加压气化(改进型为清华炉)、E-gas(Destec)水煤浆气化。第二类流化床粉煤加压气化工艺,主要有代表性工艺包括U-gas灰熔聚流化床粉煤气化、SES褐煤流化床气化、灰熔聚常压气化(CAGG).第三类固定床碎煤加压气化,主要有代表性工艺包括鲁奇褐煤加压气化、碎煤移动床加压气化和BGL碎煤加压气化等。文章指出应认识到煤气化技术的重要性,把引进国外先进煤气化技术理念与具有自主知识产权的现代煤化工气化技术有机结合起来。     

粉煤与水煤浆加压气化技术的技术评价

SHELL粉煤加压气化与新型水煤浆气化技术都是高效低污染的先进煤气化方法。本文简要介绍了壳牌(Shell)煤粉加压气化与新型水煤浆气化技术的工艺原理、技术特点及开发现状，并指出了这两种煤气化工艺技术在改造我国大中型氨厂领域内的应用前景。     

合成氨煤气化工艺评述及工艺方案的选择

对比分析国内以煤为原料生产合成氨的煤气化工艺,主要对常压固定床富氧连续气化、恩德炉粉煤气化、灰熔聚流化床粉煤气化、德士古水煤浆加压气化、壳牌干煤粉加压气化以及拥有我国自主知识产权的多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化、四喷嘴对置式干粉煤加压气化和两段式干粉煤加压气化等煤气化工艺从煤质要求、煤种适用范围、工艺操作条件、有效气含量、消耗情况与气化效率、环境影响等方面进行评论。结合项目所在地地理位置、煤质条件和经济环境等因素,选择合成氨煤气化技术为常压固定床富氧连续气化技术。     

SHELL粉煤加压气化与新型水煤浆加压气化的技术评价

SHELL粉煤加压气化与新型水煤浆气化技术都是高效低污染的先进煤气化方法。本文介绍了壳牌(Shell)煤粉加压气化与新型水煤浆气化技术的工艺原理、技术特点及开发现状,指出了这两种煤气化工艺技术在改造我国大中型合成氨厂的应用前景。     

大型煤制合成气技术进展

煤气化技术是洁净煤技术的重要组成部分,各种煤气化炉型和气化技术都有各自的优点和不足之处,选择适合的煤气化技术对煤化工项目至关重要。介绍了目前国内大型煤制合成气中广泛应用的Shell煤气化工艺、Texaco水煤浆气化工艺及近年来研发成功的具有自主知识产权的多元料浆加压气化技术、多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化技术、两段式干煤粉加压气化技术和四喷嘴对置式干粉煤加压气化技术的工艺特点、应用情况。这些技术将是目前和未来大型煤制合成气的技术支撑。     

Shell干粉气化技术综述

Shell煤气化工艺（也称SCGP工艺）是由荷兰壳牌全球方案解决公司开发的一种干煤粉气流床加压气化技术。目前Shell气化技术的最大用户在中国。Shell煤气化技术自1996年开始引入中国，在不到十年时间内取得了很大进展，尤其是近几年，随着石油资源的供应紧张和环保要求的日益提高，其在各个领域和行业受到越来越多的关注。[第一段]     

大型煤气化装置的工艺技术性能及其在多联产系统组合中的节能减排评述

为科学评判大型煤气化装置的优越性和适用性,对比了我国引进开发的SCGP、Texaco、GSP3种煤气化技术的技术性能和配置特点;分别论述了壳牌干煤粉气化炉、德士古水煤浆气化炉、索斯泰克气化炉的工艺过程、气化特点、关键设备和应用效果;提出了煤炭气化发电同水电解氢多联产系统组合的CO2零排放工艺流程.     

煤粉过滤器反吹控制系统升级改造

河南煤业化工集团中原大化公司煤化工500 kt/y甲醇项目,煤气化装置采用壳牌(Shell)干煤粉加压气化工艺。简述在气化煤粉过滤器反吹控制系统中用的西门子S7-300 PLC升级为S7-400 PLC冗余系统改造实施及应用情况。     

壳牌煤粉加压气化技术

介绍了壳牌(Shell)煤粉加压气化技术的工艺原理、技术特点及开发现状。并指出了这种煤气化工艺技术在联合循环发电和煤化工等领域内的应用前景。     

Reactions in Stabilizer and Between Stabilizer and Nitrocellulose in Propellants

HPLC analysis of the stabilizer is one of the major methods in use for surveillance testing of diphenylamine (DPA) stabilized propellants. Often 0.2% DPA is used as a minimum content for safe propellants. In most cases the propellant can be stored much longer after this limit has been reached without any risk for self‐ignition. We report here about a reaction where DPA bonds to nitrocellulose, leaving a non extractable aromatic stabilizing compound left in the propellant, resulting in a longer time to autocatalysis than predicted. Diphenylnitramine is discussed as a possible intermediary compound occurring from the reaction between DPA and nitrocellulose. This should add to a better understanding of the degradation processes in propellants.     

Differences in color naming and color salience in Vietnamese and English

The accepted model of color naming postulates that 11 “basic” color terms representing 11 common perceptual experiences show increased processing salience due to a theorized linkage between perception, visual neurophysiology, and cognition. We tested this theory, originally proposed by Berlin and Kay in 1969. Experiment 1 tested salience by comparing unconstrained color naming across two languages, English and Vietnamese. Results were compared with previous research by Berlin and Kay, Boynton and Olson, and colleagues. Experiment 2 validated our stimuli by comparing OSA, Munsell, and newly rendered “basic” exemplars using colorimetry and behavioral measures. Our results show that the relationship between the visual and verbal domains is more complex than current theory acknowledges. An interpoint distance model of color‐naming behavior is proposed as an alternative perspective on color‐naming universality and color‐category structure. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 113–138, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10131     

中国台湾的催化和催化剂的研究开发

本文重点介绍了台湾省各大学和研究院所对催化及催化剂的教学。研究与开发方面动向,相关催化方面学科带头人的研究领域和主要成果,并给出大量参考文献。     

Designer enzyme and cell applications in industry and in environmental monitoring

Renewed world interest in enzyme biotechnological industries now derives from the expectation that many new biocatalysts will be created by genetic engineering associated with protein engineering designer techniques, or by chemical modification of existing enzymes by use of protein tailoring methods. The biocatalysts produced are mainly enzymes, abzymes (catalytic antibodies) and synthesis (synthetic analogues or mimics), and these will be used in industry, synthesis, therapy: and in bioanalysis of components of foodstuffs, and the environment including water, air and soil. The biocatalysts, including whole cells, are firstly incorporated into a particular bioreactor form by use of enzyme engineering techniques such as immobilization, and are then used, as appropriate, to modify their substrates. Improved processing or enhanced products are thereby achieved in the case of manufacturing industry: or monitoring signals are generated, often in the form of a measurable change in current flow, in the case of environmental biosensors. Designer enzymes and cells can be made now for identified applications where the presently available biocatalysts are inadequate, incompatible or uncompetitive.     

EZH2 Down-Regulation Exacerbates Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in in Vitro and in Vivo NAFLD

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent, chronic liver diseases, worldwide. It is a multifactorial disease caused by complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Recently, several microRNAs, some of which epigenetically regulated, have been found to be up- and/or down-regulated during NAFLD development. However, in NAFLD, the essential role of the Polycomb Group protein Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), which controls the epigenetic silencing of specific genes and/or microRNAs by trimethylating Lys27 on histone H3, still remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that the nuclear expression/activity of the EZH2 protein is down-regulated both in livers from NAFLD rats and in the free fatty acid-treated HepG2. The drop in EZH2 is inversely correlated with: (i) lipid accumulation; (ii) the expression of pro-inflammatory markers including TNF-α and TGF-β; and (iii) the expression of miR-200b and miR-155. Consistently, the pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 by 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) significantly reduces EZH2 expression/activity, while it increases lipid accumulation, inflammatory molecules and microRNAs. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the defective activity of EZH2 can enhance the NAFLD development by favouring steatosis and the de-repression of the inflammatory genes and that of specific microRNAs.     

泥火中的人与马

陶瓷首饰是伴随着社会发展和文化背景诞生出来的.本人运用陶瓷艺术创作的方式把陶泥作为原材料制作出人与马系列的陶瓷首饰吊坠,分别以《人与马的战争》、《人与马的迁徙》、《人与马的生活》三个系列作为创作内容,赋予了陶瓷首饰丰富的文化内涵和浓郁的人文气息.     

讲授中有研究，学习中有运用

本文从化学反应工程分析的讲授体会出发,分析探讨了硕士学位课程的性质,讲授过程中教材的选取、内容和方法的把握,以及如何根据学生的具体情况,采用更有针对性的课堂讲解的议题。