BP Neural Network of Continuous Casting Technological Parameters and Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing of Spring Steel

 The continuous casting technological parameters have a great influence on the secondary dendrite arm spacing of the slab, which determines the segregation behavior of materials. Therefore, the identification of technological parameters of continuous casting process directly impacts the property of slab. The relationships between continuous casting technological parameters and cooling rate of slab for spring steel were built using BP neural network model, based on which, the relevant secondary dendrite arm spacing was calculated. The simulation calculation was also carried out using the industrial data. The simulation results show that compared with that of the traditional method, the absolute error of calculation result obtained with BP neural network model reduced from 0.015 to 0.0005, and the relative error reduced from 6.76% to 0.22%. BP neural network model had a more precise accuracy in the optimization of continuous casting technological parameters.     

单辊薄带连铸凝固传热数学模型

本文以单辊薄带连铸机为研究对象,通过建立传热数学模型,结合热态试验,找出带厚与工艺因素之间的关系,从而为生产出较好质量带坯提供工艺参数。     

Characteristic Parameters for Dendritic Microstructure of Solidification During Slab Continuous Casting

 The operating conditions during the continuous casting process have a great effect on the microstructure of slab solidification, including primary and secondary dendritic arm spacing. On the basis of the analysis of available work, a revised expression for describing secondary dendritic arm spacing during solidification of slab continuous casting was presented, and the relation between the ratio of primary dendritic arm spacing to secondary dendritic arm spacing and the cooling rate was obtained.     

二冷喷淋强度对连铸坯凝固组织的影响

 推导了连铸过程中二冷喷淋强度与连铸参数之间的关系,比较了喷淋强度对2种断面连铸坯凝固组织的影响。结果表明,喷淋强度能更精确地反映铸坯凝固组织与冷却参数间的关系;铸坯表面的枝晶间距为20 μm左右,而中心区为200～350 μm;距表面相同距离,对角线区的枝晶比横向细小。喷淋强度相近时铸坯的凝固规律为：200 mm×200 mm断面中心区组织较细小,150 mm×150 mm断面近中心区组织较细小。从铸坯表面到中心整体上符合凝固曲线左侧规律,但断面大于200 mm×200 mm的连铸坯,中心和近中心区凝固时符合凝固曲线右侧规律。     

厚板坯连铸二冷凝固传热模型的研究与应用

以鞍钢厚板坯连铸机为目标机型,按照传热学理论建立连铸二冷凝固传热数学模型.应用此模型对X65管线钢和船板钢的连铸过程进行仿真模拟,模拟结果同实测值基本吻合,验证了模型的可靠性.     

基于热损失率目标的板坯连铸凝固传热过程多目标优化

基于构形理论,以板坯热损失率、表面温度梯度、矫直点表面温度、表面极限温度和液芯长度组成的惩罚函数为优化目标,在二冷总供水流量一定的条件下对板坯连铸凝固传热过程进行优化,得到二冷区各区段最佳水量分配比,分析水量分配比、二冷总供水流量和拉坯速度对复合函数(板坯热损失率和表面温度梯度的线性加权函数)、热损失率目标、表面温度梯度目标和板坯表面温度的影响。结果表明:与初始水量分配比结果相比,水量分配比优化后的复合函数、热损失率目标和表面温度梯度目标分别降低35.04%,2.14%和59.48%;优化后的二冷区出口温度和空冷区末端温度分别提高6.79%和1.59%。最佳水量分配比方案在提高板坯蓄能的同时也提高了板坯的质量。     

连铸结晶器综合传热系数的定量分析

对宝钢2号连铸机现场数据的采样分析结果表明：连铸坯在线宽度对结晶器综合传热系数没有影响。钢水过热度对综合传热系数也影响不大,但拉坯速度对综合传热系数的影响很明显,保护渣可有效地控制结晶器的冷却强度和冷却均匀性,是消除铸坯纵裂的主要手段。     

A 3D Mathematical Modeling on Meniscus Solidification and Heat Transfer in Continuous Casting Chamfered Mold of Slab

Herein, a 3D mathematical model is established to elucidate the meniscus solidification and heat transfer in the chamfered mold. The fluid flow, heat transfer, the solidification of steel, the oscillation of the mold, and the steel–slag interfacial tension are considered, and the meniscus behavior on different longitudinal sections and cross sections is discussed. Under the influence of the upper roll flow, the height of the steel level increases from submerged entry nozzle to narrow face, which affects the distribution of the oscillation mark on the surface of the shell. With the mold chamfer and two new corners, the thickness of the slag film at the corner 1 with angle of 123.7° is the largest, and the shell thickness is the smallest, which is related to the 3D profile of the meniscus near the corner. The largest heat flux is located at 10–14 mm below the initial level of liquid steel and is below 3.0 MW m⁻². The heat flux at the corner 1 with small obtuse angle is the smallest on the same cross section, indicating that small obtuse angle near the corner resulted in the low heat transfer.     

热送热装工艺中板坯连铸过程传热的数学模型

建立了板坯连铸过程传热数学模型，并用实测数据对计算结果进行了验证，证明该模型可用于预报不同操作条件下板坯凝固过程中温度的变化和凝固状态。应用该模型分析了影响板坯出连铸机温度的主要因素：板坯尺寸、拉速、二冷水量及冷却方式等。适当提高拉速、改善二冷制度能提高铸坯出连铸机温度。     

钢的连铸过程结晶器与铸坯之间的传热分析

针对连铸过程中的结晶器传热模型，分析总结了结晶器与坯壳之间的热阻构成，并研究了结晶器壁和坯壳界面热流的影响因素，为传热模型的求解和结晶器锥度的优化设计提供了理论依据。     

Investigation of Heat Transfer in the Spray Cooling of Continuous Casting

The heat transfer coefficient between spray water droplets and hot surface is measured in the laboratory. The effect of spray water flow rate, water pressure, spray distance of nozzle from the surface of strand, spray water temperature on the heat transfer is made a detail studied. And meanwhile, the effect of the strand surface FeO scale on the heat transfer is also investigated. According to the experimental results, the influence of above factors on the heat transfer coefficient has been discussed and a experience formula between the heat transfer coefficient and spray water flow rate is given out.     

连铸坯凝固传热的交替隐式解法

建立了连铸板坯凝固传热的二维数学模型,用交替隐式差分格式对模型进行离散化然后在计算机上求解,并用现场测试值对模型的数值计算结果进行了验证.     

Effect of Heat Input on Microstructure and Toughness of Coarse Grain Heat Affected Zone in Nb Microalloyed HSLA Steels

The influence of Nb on microstructure, mechanical property and the transformation kinetics of the coarse grain heat affected zone (CGHAZ) in HSLA steels for different heat inputs, has been investigated. When welded at higher heat inputs (100-60 kJ/cm), impact toughness values of the steel without Nb are much higher than those of the steel with Nb, and the lowest span is 153 J at 60 kJ/cm. But only a little higher values are observed at lower heat inputs (40-30 kJ/cm), and the highest span is 68 J at 30 kJ/cm. Dilatation studies indicate that continuous cooling transformation starting temperatures (Ts) of CGHAZ for the steel with Nb are approximately 15-30 ℃ which are lower than those of the steel without Nb at all heat inputs. For higher heat inputs, Nb in solid solution suppresses ferrite transformation and promotes the formation of granular bainite which has detrimental effect on impact tough-ness. For lower heat inputs higher Charpy impact energy values in the steel with Nb are associated with the formation of low carbon self-tempered martensite.     

连铸用气-水雾化喷嘴的传热特性

报导了一种气—水雾化喷嘴的测定结果,并与一种水喷嘴进行了比较。研究表明,采用气—水雾化喷嘴时,铸坯二冷的传热系数不仅和水流密度有关,而且与喷射状况,诸如水滴直径,水流密度、气-水雾化喷嘴的用气量等条件有关。     

板坯连铸二冷区凝固传热过程与控制

依据安钢板坯连铸机的具体条件,建立了连铸板坯凝固传热数学模型,实现了随铸坯钢种、断面尺寸及拉速变化对各回路水量连续实时控制.经现场应用表明,利用配水模型所制定的二冷配水制度是合理的,效果良好.     

连铸机辊子与铸坯传热的研究

根据连铸机辊子的实际工作情况，将其内外表面分成传导传热区，对流换热区和辐射－对流综合换热区。利用距辊子表面３ｍｍ处所测得的温度变化曲线，通过辊子换热的平衡方程，推导出每一区域的综合传热系数及其表面温度的表达式，为正确计算辊子的温度场，供应力提供了较为可靠的依据。     

The Influence of Support Rollers of Continuous Casting Machines on Heat Transfer and on Stress‐Strain of Slabs in Secondary Cooling

The processes of solidification and heat extraction are important for the continuous casting of steel. In this work, investigations on the influence of support roller contact on solidification in a strand of a slab caster, such as surface temperature and strand shell growth, and on thermal strain and stress in the slab have been carried out. The results show that roller contact has an influence on the solidification of steel and on the thermo‐mechanical behaviour of the strand.     

连铸二冷区气-水喷雾冷却传热数学模型

在前人对单个液滴碰撞传热解析研究的基础上,通过实验与理论分析,建立了气-水喷雾冷却在膜态沸腾区的传热数学模型。采用此模型,可以在已知气-水喷嘴的冷态参数(流量密度、液滴粒径、液滴速度等)的情况下,模拟计算出该喷嘴的传热特性。计算结果与实验数据在可比的范围内基本吻合。     

连铸二冷传热系数测定仪的研制

本文说明了测定传热系数对连铸的重要性,给出了计算传热系数的方法。所研制的传热系数测定仪包括加热控温系统、温度信号放大与采集系统、数字计算与打印系统等。测定仪装有8位单板计算机和24行微型点阵式打印机。从加热温度传感器到打印测定结果,整个测试过程可连续自动进行。在同样条件下的测定结果稳定可靠。