铝合金弹性预应力超声喷丸成形试验

超声喷丸作为一种新型的板料成形技术,具有易操作,能耗少及优良成形性能等优点,广泛应用于板料成形中。但自由状态下,超声喷丸成形也易发生球面变形,因而提出了弹性预应力超声喷丸成形方法,以2024-T351铝合金壁板为研究对象,分析预弯力矩大小、成形轨迹和壁板厚度对成形曲率半径及成形性能的影响。试验中通过控制壁板展向的弯曲曲率来实现弹性预弯。结果表明:预应力超声喷丸能够大幅度减小壁板展向的成形曲率半径,同时增大弦向成形曲率半径,且随着预弯曲率半径的减小,这种减小和增大的效应随之逐渐增大。此外,与自由状态相比,预应力超声喷丸能够产生幅度和深度更大的残余压应力场,且表面粗糙度并未随着预弯曲率的增大而增加。分析认为,弹性预应力超声波喷丸能够进一步提高受喷材料的成形曲率并在一定程度上减小球面变形趋势,对大变形大厚度的单曲率零件成形具有重要的意义。     

弯曲回弹逆解公式及其在焊管预弯机组设计中的应用

根据小曲率弯曲成形的特点，考虑了板料弯曲的纯弹性变形部分对回弹的影响，推导出根据板料强度、厚度和最终成形半径直接计算弯曲半径的回弹逆解公式，并应用于大口径UOE焊管预弯成形的设计上。根据计算公式给出了B-X100钢级板料UOE焊管预弯成形的预弯辊半径优化设计诺谟图。     

大尺寸弹丸喷丸成形7B50铝合金材料的变形规律

大尺寸弹丸喷丸成形是一种针对大型整体壁板塑性成形的有效手段.采用正交试验方法对7B50铝合金平板试件开展大尺寸弹丸喷丸成形工艺试验,研究不同工艺参数下喷丸后试件沿弦向和展向曲率半径的变化规律.结果表明:试件在喷丸成形后呈球面凸起变形,且沿弦向的曲率半径小于沿展向的曲率半径;各因素按对曲率半径的影响程度排序依次为喷丸气压...     

板料弯曲减薄系数的计算

通过对板料弹塑性弯曲变形分析，利用材料力学中的平面曲杆理论，提出了大曲率弹性变形应变中性层向内移动的观点，并推导出了板弯弯曲减薄系数的计算公式。     

铝合金大型锻件淬火过程的有限元模拟

采用Deform V11有限元软件,计算了T形7N01铝合金锻件的表面综合换热系数,仿真模拟了锻件淬火过程中的温度场、应力场与形变位移变化规律,分析了温度与热应力对锻件淬火形变的影响与作用机制。结果表明,淬火初期因温度梯度(最大温差达225 ℃)与热应力巨大差异,锻件肋板一侧在淬火时间为10 s时产生了最大程度的弹性与塑性变形,远大于无肋一侧,弯曲曲率增大;淬火中期锻件主要发生弹性形变,厚度大的肋板一侧收缩变形加剧,曲率变小,50 s时锻件基本不再变形;淬火后期阶段热应力趋于零,锻件冷却产生微量弹性形变,淬火结束后,锻件整体产生趋向肋板一侧的塑性弯曲变形,曲率半径大于加热前。     

基于激光喷丸的板料成形试验研究

利用不同能量的Nd∶Glass激光对不同厚度的LY12CZ航空铝合金进行了激光喷丸成形。激光脉冲参数为波长1.06μm,脉冲为23ns,光斑直径为7mm。试样尺寸为100mm×25mm。激光喷丸沿宽度方向进行,相邻光斑的距离为4mm。试样的表面涂有黑漆,流动的水帘作为约束层。结果表明,试样经多条激光喷丸后,试样变成了单曲率的圆筒形,试件表面都存在有益的残余压应力,曲率半径随激光脉冲能量加大而减小,随板料厚度的减小而加大,随喷丸条带间距的加大而加大。     

不同变形区组成下铝合金厚板蛇形轧制板曲率建模分析

蛇形轧制作为一种新型的轧制工艺为高性能厚铝板生产提供了一种新方法,但是传统的异步轧制弯曲曲率模型不能用于蛇形轧制,蛇形轧制缺少精准的轧后曲率计算模型。根据变形区的特征及中性点的位置,确定了变形区组成及其存在边界条件;塑性变形区最多可分成4个区,对不同组成情况的变形区进行了分析,建立了各种情况下单位压力和上、下部分累积剪应变偏差模型,在此基础上建立了剪切应变引起的弯曲曲率模型,根据流动准则建立了轴向应变引起的弯曲曲率模型,最终建立了不同辊径比下的蛇形轧制的弯曲曲率模型。考虑到厚度方向变形的不均匀性,在建模过程中引入均匀系数E,使模型更加精确。采用Ansys模拟和实验数据进行了模型精度的间接验证。结果表明,与模拟和间接实验结果相比,最大和最小相对误差分别为10.71%和0.34%,证实了模型精度,可应用于弯曲曲率预测及控制;同时研究了不同工艺参数（偏移量、辊径比、压下量、工件初始厚度等）对弯曲曲率的影响规律。研究结果为厚规格铝板蛇形轧制生产提供重要理论和技术支持。     

Shear band spacing under bending of Zr-based metallic glass plates

Metallic glasses often exhibit marked ductility when subjected to compressive or bending loads as a result of multiple shear band formation. This observed ductility depends upon sample geometry; thin plates show ductility in bending while thicker plates of the same composition fracture under similar loading. The thickness dependence of yielding and fracture of metallic glass plates subjected to bending is considered in terms of the shear band processes responsible for these properties. Experimental results show that shear band spacing and length scale with the thickness of the plate at a ratio of 1:10. Both shear band offset and shear band spacing increase with increasing curvature; shear band offset as the square of the plate thickness. As bending is increased beyond yield, shear band spacing continues to increase until the strain is accommodated by a few long shear bands. Continued bending leads to crack formation and failure.     

单曲率板材激光弯曲成形过程的有限元模拟

利用有限元软件MSC.Marc建立了单曲率板激光弯曲成形过程的热力耦合有限元模型。计算并分析了激光弯曲成形过程中板材内部的温度场、应力场和位移场。此外,还研究了扫描线的长度和单曲率板的初始形状对激光弯曲成形的影响。结果表明:随着扫描线长度的增加,板材的弯曲变形量增大;随着单曲率板曲率的增加,板材的弯曲变形量减小。实验结果验证了模型的可靠性。     

激光冲击悬臂薄板变形的理论分析和实验研究

目的激光喷丸技术是一种利用激光诱导等离子体冲击波产生的力学效应来改善材料的机械性能的表面强化技术,但是在激光喷丸过程中,由于高压冲击波的作用会使薄壁件发生宏观变形,造成零件失效,为了控制激光冲击板料宏观变形过程,因此有必要对激光冲击下板料的力学变形特性进行研究。方法通过对激光冲击载荷作用下悬臂板变形过程的理论分析,建立了板料在激光冲击下的受力变形模型,对激光作用下板料的变形量公式进行了理论推导计算,研究了板料变形量与板料厚度、激光能量等之间的相互关系,并通过单点冲击与多点搭接冲击实验和有限元分析相结合的方式验证了理论公式的准确性。结果依据所建立的板料变形理论计算得到的理论值、实验值和有限元分析结果都较为接近,其中板料变形量对厚度的变化十分敏感,在设定条件下,当板材厚度大于3 mm时,板材变形很小,几乎不产生明显的变形。结论板料变形量随着激光能量和光斑数量的增大而增大,板材的厚度对变形量的影响很大,是设计激光喷丸参数时必须考虑的要素。     

四辊连续滚弯侧辊位移计算与数值模拟

在四辊卷板过程中,卷制工件的曲率主要取决于侧辊的位移量。以塑性弯曲理论为基础,对四辊连续滚弯过程中板材各阶段的变形情况进行了理论分析。根据卸载定理推导出双线性硬化模型板材的回弹曲率计算公式,建立了四辊连续滚弯侧辊位移的数学模型。利用ABAQUS有限元软件对四辊连续滚弯过程进行三维动态模拟,对仿真值和理论值进行了比较,分析了不同板厚下侧辊进给量、相对弯曲半径与成形曲率半径之间的关系。结果表明:有限元仿真误差较小,可以用来指导实践;随着侧辊进给量的增加,板厚对成形曲率半径的影响逐渐减小;成形曲率半径随着相对弯曲半径的增加基本呈线性关系变化。     

带筋铝合金壁板蠕变时效成形回弹行为试验

以可时效强化型7075铝合金带筋壁板为研究对象,开展蠕变时效成形试验,利用ATOS三维光学扫描仪对成形试件进行测量,计算出该铝合金带筋壁板的回弹量。同时,采用相同材料的铝合金平板件,在相同的试验条件下开展蠕变时效成形试验,计算平板件的回弹量,并与铝合金带筋壁板的回弹量进行对比分析。研究结果表明,相同工艺条件下,带筋壁板蠕变时效成形后的回弹量为11.2%,远小于平板件的回弹量(平板件的回弹量为53.9%)。这是由于相同曲率条件下,带筋壁板弯曲时尽管蒙皮部分处于弹性变形,但筋条处发生了明显的塑性变形,从而限制了蒙皮的回弹。因此,已有的基于平板件回弹行为的研究不能简单的应用于带筋壁板构件,需要进一步研究筋条塑性变形对构件回弹行为的影响规律,该文对于开展带筋壁板构件时效成形回弹行为研究提供了参考。     

Estimation of the depth of surface modification layer induced by cavitation peening

In this paper we propose an experimental method for estimating the depth to which the surface of a material is modified after being treated by cavitation peening. The estimate is made on the basis of two theories: plate theory and beam theory, in which the plastic strain in the modified layer is considered. As the depth of the compressive residual stress is an important factor for the fatigue strength and for stress corrosion cracking, a simple and straight-forward method to estimate the depth of the modified layer is needed. In the proposed method, measurements of the surface residual stress and the radius of curvature generated as a result of the plastic deformation introduced by cavitation peening are combined with either plate theory or beam theory. The most appropriate theory depends on the thickness of the specimen. The plate theory is more accurate than beam theory in the case of both a thin and thick specimens. The beam theory should be applied only in the case of a thick specimen.     

激光弯曲工艺中板材厚度的影响规律

用大变形弹塑性有限元法对金属板材柔性成形新工艺———激光弯曲进行了动态数值模拟。从热学及热力学的观点出发,阐明了该工艺的变形机理,建立了弯曲过程中的应力模型;论证了板料厚度对温度梯度和弯曲角度的影响,提出了能够实现激光弯曲工艺的最小相对光束半径的新概念,为该工艺进一步深入研究奠定了基础。模拟结果与试验吻合较好。     

三轴不对称卷板的数学模型

扼要介绍了三轴不对称卷板时 ,根据被卷钢材的几何参数、力学参数来计算卷制工艺参数。计算机根据数学模型计算弹 (复 )前的曲率 ;计算不对称卷板时各种条件下的上辊移动量、位移角 ;计算一次进给不对称卷板的可行性 ,如进行最大变形量、最大压力、最大功率和不打滑的验算等等。从而为数控化三轴不对称自动卷板打下基础     

四辊卷板机轴辊位移的一种计算方法

四辊卷板机现有的卷制工艺数学模型通常未考虑非对称卷圆时卷板曲率中心的偏移对下辊位置的影响.在考虑卷板机弯卷过程中板材回弹的基础上,结合数学-力学的分析,确定卷板曲率中心偏移后下辊的精确位移,建立板材弯矩和受力与侧辊和下辊位移之间的关系,提出了四辊卷板机轴辊位移的一种计算方法;通过弯矩和压力确定剩余直边与下辊位置角?b之...     

Development of a new model for plane strain bending and springback analysis

A new mathematical model is presented for plane strain bending and springback analysis in sheet metal forming. This model combines effects associated with bending and stretching, considers stress and strain distributions and different thickness variations in the thickness direction, and takes force equilibrium into account. An elastic-plastic material model and Hill’s nonquadratic yield function are incorporated in the model. The model is used to obtain force, bending moment, and springback curvature. A typical two-dimensional draw bending part is divided into five regions along the strip, and the forces and moments acting on each region and the deformation history of each region are examined. Three different methods are applied to the two-dimensional draw bending problems: the first using the new model, the second using the new model but also including a kinematic directional hardening material model to consider the bending and unbending deformation in the wall, and the third using membrane theory plus bending strain. Results from these methods, including those from the recent benchmark program, are compared. University of Michigan, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, Ann Arbor, Mi 48109, USA.     

Characterization of friction behaviour of AZ80 and ZE10 magnesium alloys under lubricated contact condition by strip draw and bend test

In this paper, a sheet metal forming simulator (SMFS) is used for evaluation of the frictional behaviour of AZ80 and ZE10 magnesium alloys under lubricated contact conditions. The results showed that the friction coefficient increases by increasing the contact pressure and decreasing the sliding velocity. A friction model is further developed for lubricated contact taking into account the surface roughness characteristics and the viscosity of lubricant. The proposed model showed very good agreement with the results of experiments. Finite element (FE) simulations were also carried out to investigate the effect of key process parameters on the results of SMFS. Based on the results of the FE model, the coefficient of friction increases by increasing the bending angle and pin diameter; however, these increases are not significant.     

基于数值模拟的钣金零件工艺分析及级进模设计

本设计零件为钣金弯曲件,结构较复杂。在分析成形工艺基础上,采用级进模具,设计了7个有效工位(3次冲裁、4次成形弯曲),同时考虑到凹模强度,设计空工位。由于弯曲成形时会出现回弹、偏移、定位问题,因此针对以上难点,通过控制凸模成形角度来改善回弹值;利用定位销插入毛坯上的孔定位,在导正销的辅助下实现精确定位,使毛坯无法移动,达到控制偏移的目的。此外,为保证工作过程中送料的连续性,采用浮升销活动送料,提高了生产效率,有利于零件的批量生产。在设计过程中,利用模拟软件对模具结构进行仿真,对各参数进行优化,使结构更加可靠合理。     

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF STRAIGHT-LINE LASER FORMING UNDER THE TEMPERATURE GRADIENT MECHANISM

Laser forraing is a new flexible and dieless forming technique. To achieve the high accuracy forming, the temperature gradient mechanism （TGM） is studied. In the analysis of TGM, the plate bends about x-axis and about y-axis as well. To understand the deformation trend, the numerical simulation of deformation of plate is conducted by choosing different laser powers, laser spot diameters, scanning speeds, lengths, widths and thicknesses. From the results of simulation, it can be seen that the laser spot diameter, the scanning speed, laser power and thickness of plate play dominant roles in the laser forming process. However, the bending angles αx and αy show different trends with the variation of parameters. In addition, in comparison with above four parameters, the effect of length and width of plate on the beading angle may be neglected, but their effects are significant for the bending radius R.