波浪作用下船舶航向自抗扰控制设计及参数配置

针对具有内部参数不确定性和外部扰动的海上船舶设计了航向自抗扰控制器,并解决了舵机模型中舵角的限幅和限速问题,基于滑模控制理论提出了反馈控制带宽的计算方法.采用频域分析的方法,系统地分析了自抗扰控制器对外部波浪扰动的抑制能力、模型参数不确定时的鲁棒性;结合作者实船工作经验以及系统动态特性与控制参数的关系,提出了船舶航向控制器参数的配置规律;最后以一艘57000吨级散货船为控制对象,验证了航向控制器的鲁棒性和本文所述参数配置规律的有效性.为将自抗扰控制算法应用于船舶自动舵设计提供理论依据和实践参考.     

Robust observer design for uncertain one‐sided Lipschitz systems with disturbances

In this paper, we study the robust observer design problem for a class of uncertain one‐sided Lipschitz systems with disturbances. Not only the system matrices but also the nonlinear functions are assumed to be uncertain. The nominal models of nonlinearities are assumed to satisfy both the one‐sided Lipschitz condition and the quadratically inner‐bounded condition. By utilizing a novel approach, our observer designs are robust against unknown nonlinear uncertainties and system and measurement noises. The new approach also relaxes some conservativeness in related existing results, ie, less conservative observer design conditions are obtained. Furthermore, the problem of designing reduced‐order observers is considered in case the output measurement is not subject to uncertainty and disturbance. Two examples are provided to show the efficiency and advantages of our results over existing works.     

A measure of worst-case H∞ performance and of largest acceptable uncertainty

The structured singular value (SSV or μ) is known to be an effective tool for assessing robust performance of linear time-invariant models subject to structured uncertainty. Yet all single μ analysis provides is a bound β on the uncertainty under which stability as well as H_∞ performance level of κ/β are guaranteed, where κ is preselectable. In this paper, we introduce a related quantity ν which provides answers for the following questions: (i) given β, determine the smallest with the property that, for any uncertainty bounded by β, an H∞ performance level of is guaranteed; (ii) conversely, given , determined the largest β with the property that, again, for any uncertainty bounded by β, an H_∞ performance level of is guaranteed. Properties of this quantity are established and approaches to its computation are investigated. Both unstructured uncertainty and structured uncertainty are considered.     

Robust stability analysis for uncertain delay systems with output feedback controller

A systematic approach is given in this paper for analyzing the robust stability of uncertain time-delay systems controlled by output feedback. By checking the eigenvalues of a Hamiltonian matrix, the stability of nominal systems can be examined first. Then, for the nominally stable uncertain systems with multiple time delays, a new method using structured singular value technique is proposed for finding a set of uncertain parameters within which the systems remain stable. Moreover, an illustrative example is given to show the usefulness of the proposed approach.     

自适应扩张状态观测器收敛性分析与应用

为了实现自适应扩张状态观测器理论分析的简洁和工程应用的直观,本文提出了一种自适应扩张状态观测器(adaptive extended state observer, AESO),并给出了收敛性证明过程.然后,将其应用到直线电机伺服系统中,设计了基于AESO的PD控制器.实验结果表明,提出的AESO可以准确估计系统的状态和受到的干扰,并且可以消除高增益线性扩张状态观测器固有的峰化现象,同时还验证了设计的观测器–控制器的有效性.     

Stochastic contraction-based observer and controller design algorithm with application to a flight vehicle

This paper focuses on a stochastic version of contraction theory to construct observer-controller structure for a flight dynamic system with noisy velocity measurement. A nonlinear stochastic observer is designed to estimate the pitch rate, the pitch angle, and the velocity of an aircraft example model using stochastic contraction theory. Estimated states are used to compute feedback control for solving a tracking problem. The structure and gain selection of the observer is carried out using Itô's stochastic differential equations and the contraction theory. The contraction property of integrated observer-controller structure is derived to ensure the exponential convergence of the trajectories of closed-loop nonlinear system. The upper bound of the state estimation error is explicitly derived and the efficacy of the proposed observer-controller structure has been shown through the numerical simulations.     

无轴承扰动补偿悬浮系统的稳定性分析与验证

目前, 无轴承磁悬浮系统多采用PID等经典控制策略, 然而由于外界扰动、参数摄动等诸多原因, 难以实现高性能的悬浮控制. 本文针对上述问题, 通过在传统PID悬浮控制系统中增加扩张状态观测器, 对悬浮力扰动进行实时补偿, 从而建立基于扩张状态观测器的无轴承悬浮控制系统. 其中, 根据扩张状态观测器对综合扰动进行观测的基本原理, 构建了系统数学模型, 并对其稳定性进行了分析. 在此基础上, 对观测器参数调节的选取原则和稳定域的参考范围进行了理论分析, 从而提出了一套无轴承悬浮控制系统参数整定方案. 此外, 本文还结合模型中主要参数的物理意义, 进一步完善了非线性扩张状态观测器参数的设定原则. 最后, 通过仿真验证了扩张状态观测器对无轴承悬浮系统扰动抑制的作用, 以及所述参数整定方案的正确性.     

Modeling and Control of Linear Two-time Scale Systems: Applied to Single-Link Flexible Manipulator

This paper deals with the problem of H _∞ control of linear two-time scale systems. The authors’ attention is focused on the robust regulation of the system based on a new modeling approach under the assumption of norm-boundedness of the fast dynamics. In the proposed approach, the fast dynamics are treated as a norm-bounded disturbance (dynamic uncertainty). In this view, the synthesis is performed only for the certain dynamics of the two-time scale system, whose order is less than that of the original system. It should be noted, however, that this scheme is significantly different from the conventional approaches of order reduction for linear two-time scale systems. Specifically, in the present work, explicitly or implicitly, all the dynamics of the system are taken into consideration. In other words, the portion that is treated as a perturbation is incorporated in the design by its maximum possible gain – in the L ₂ sense – over different values of the inputs. One of the advantagesof this approach is that – unlike in the conventional approaches of the order reduction – the reduced-order system still keeps some information of the ‘deleted’ subsystem. Also, we consider the robust stability analysis and stability bound improvement of perturbed parameter (ɛ) in the two-time scale systems by using linear fractional transformations and structured singular values (μ) approach. In this direction, by introducing the parametric uncertainty and dynamic uncertainty in the two-time scale systems, we represent the system as a standard μ-interconnection framework by using linear fractional transformations, and derive a set of new stability conditions for the system in the frequency domain. The exact solution of ɛ-bound is characterized. It is shown that, in spite of the coupling between the dynamic uncertainties and certain dynamics, the designed H _∞ controller stabilizes the overall closed-loop system, in the presence of norm-bounded disturbances. To show the effectiveness of the approach, the modeling of the single-link flexible manipulator and control of the Tip-position of the manipulator by utilizing the mentioned method are presented in the case study.     

Robust performance analysis for uncertain negative‐imaginary systems

Negative‐imaginary systems are important in engineering practice as this class of systems appears quite often in practical problems, for example, lightly damped flexible structures with collocated position sensors and force actuators. In this paper, an analytical framework for robust performance of uncertain negative‐imaginary systems is proposed. The results are obtained by transforming negative‐imaginary systems into a bounded‐real framework via the positive‐real property. This paper deals with all the significant technical difficulties that appear due to the transformation and the punctured j ω‐axis frequency condition of negative‐imaginary systems. The problem is equivalently cast into a structured singular value condition that gives a quantitative performance test for this class of systems. This result also gives an analytical framework for robust stability when the perturbations are mixture of bounded‐real and negative‐imaginary uncertainties. A numerical example is presented to show the usefulness of the proposed methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.