能量吸收图法在蜂窝纸板中的应用

目的研究能量吸收图法在蜂窝纸板中可行的应用方法。方法通过以肩部包络线构成能量吸收图的方法和以屈服对应点连线构成能量吸收图的方法对同一个算例进行分析,分别得到各自最佳的蜂窝纸板厚度和单层芯纸厚度。然后以产品的最大许用应力分别进行压缩,查看其压缩变形情况。采用跌落的方法查看其最大变形、产品动能的变化曲线、位移变化曲线和加速度变化曲线,以此来考查这2种方法的可行性。结果通过肩点法得到优化结果,由于产品最大许用应力小于蜂窝板的屈服应力,蜂窝板无法通过层叠变形吸收产品的跌落冲击能量,使得产品响应加速度过大,进而发生破损。通过屈服对应点法得到优化结果,由于产品最大许用应力可以克服蜂窝板的屈服应力,使得蜂窝板可以变形吸能,并可以在达到产品最大许用应力前吸收完所有的能量,可以有效地保护产品。结论文中所用的屈服对应点法在不考虑实际安全系数的基础上,将产品的最大许用应力对应于缓冲材料的屈服应力,所得的优化材料可以有效地对产品起到缓冲保护作用。     

Experimental investigation into the cushioning properties of honeycomb paperboard

The cushioning properties of honeycomb paperboards are studied by means of experimental analysis. Experimental results indicate that the cushioning behaviour of paper honeycombs with and without liners are similar, but the cushioning capability is significantly larger for the material with liners. Experiment and theory show that the relative density of paper honeycomb core has a significant effect on the cushioning properties of honeycomb paperboards; however, the basis weight of the liner has only little effect. Experimental results also show that the energy absorption properties of multilayer honeycomb paperboards are not always higher than those of monolayer honeycomb paperboards, and that the height of honeycomb paperboard has an effect on its cushioning properties. These results can be used to characterize and improve the cushioning properties of honeycomb paperboard pads efficiently. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

凹六边形蜂窝纸板面内承载性能有限元仿真分析

目的 探究以凹六边形为芯层的蜂窝纸板的力学性能,为凹六边形蜂窝纸箱的运输包装设计提供理论基础.方法 运用有限元仿真,分析不同结构参数影响下的凹六边形蜂窝纸板的面内承载性能.结果 当水平胞壁的长度减小,其他结构参数保持不变,凹六边形蜂窝纸板面内方向上的平台应力增大,能量吸收平台阶段标准化应力增大,最佳吸能点也上升.结论 凹六边形蜂窝纸板结构参数的变化对其平台应力和能量吸收特性有深远影响,其性能研究促进了蜂窝纸箱的进一步发展.     

Plateau stress of paper honeycomb as response to various relative humidities

A mathematical model was developed to predict the plateau stress of axially loaded paper honeycombs in various humidity environments. It is a simple formula relating the plateau stress to the thickness‐to‐length ratio of a honeycomb cell, the yielding stress of a cell‐wall material tested under a controlled atmosphere [23°C and 50% relative humidity (RH)] and the ambient RH. Paper honeycombs with various thickness‐to‐length ratios were researched under several levels of RH, and the plateau stress of each kind of paper honeycomb was obtained. The created model was then verified by comparing the predictions with observations. A good agreement between them corroborates the feasibility and accuracy of the model. Predictions by the present model and those by empirical relations were compared as well. A better prediction was obtained using the present model for a wide range of thickness‐to‐length ratios, suggesting that the present model can replace empirical formulas to provide more accurate and effective predictions of the plateau stress for paper honeycombs. The proposed method can be used to characterize the energy‐absorption properties of paper honeycombs in an actual logistic environment, and so can be used to optimize the structural design of paper honeycombs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

纸夹芯和泡沫复合层状结构的静态缓冲吸能特性研究

针对由发泡聚乙烯（EPE）、瓦楞纸板、蜂窝纸板组成的复合层状结构的包装防护作用,通过实验对比分析了这类结构的横向静态压缩变形特征和缓冲吸能特性。结果表明,这类结构在压缩初始阶段和最后阶段主要表现为EPE的力学性能,而在中间阶段为瓦楞纸板、蜂窝纸板的力学性能。复合层状结构的弹性模量、总吸能、行程利用率均高于EPE,而单位体积变形能则由于试样厚度增加幅值不同,并未表现出与总吸能一致的变化规律。比吸能随着压缩应变增大而增加,几乎不受压缩速度的影响,其中EPE与蜂窝纸板复合层状结构的比吸能均大于EPE与瓦楞纸板复合结构。在应力水平较小时,EPE与瓦楞纸板复合层状结构的能量吸收效率大,然而在应力水平较大时,EPE与蜂窝纸板复合的能量吸收效率大。     

疲劳振动对蜂窝纸板缓冲性能影响

为探究蜂窝纸板在不同程度疲劳振动下缓冲特性的变化规律,通过对多种湿度环境下处理的纸板进行不同程度的疲劳振动,再进行准静态压缩试验,并借助Matlab软件得到其应力-应变曲线、缓冲系数与湿度、振动次数关系曲线、塑性形变及能量吸收曲线。结果表明,随着振动次数和相对湿度的不断增加,材料的承载能力、剩余屈服力、缓冲效果、吸能特性都随之减弱,且随应变大小而有所不同。振动后的蜂窝纸板与振前相比各项性能都有响应减弱,此研究可以为产品不同环境条件和物流情况下的缓冲包装设计提供理论依据。     

Impact behavior and energy absorption of paper honeycomb sandwich panels

Dynamic cushioning tests were conducted by free drop and shock absorption principle. The effect of paper honeycomb structure factors on the impact behavior was analyzed. Results of many experiments show that the dynamic impact curve of paper honeycomb sandwich panel is concave and upward; the thickness and length of honeycomb cell-wall have a great effect on its cushioning properties; increasing the relative density of paper honeycomb can improve the energy absorption ability of the sandwich panels; the thickness of paper honeycomb core has an up and down fluctuant effect on the cushioning properties; with the increase of the thickness of paper honeycomb core, the effect dies down; flexible corrugated paperboard as liners can improve the compression resistance and cushioning properties of paper honeycombs. The research results can be used to optimize the structure design of paper honeycomb sandwich panel and material selection for packaging design.     

Mathematical modelling of energy absorption property for paper honeycomb in various ambient humidities

A mathematical model was developed to describe the relationship between the energy absorption properties of paper honeycombs and ambient humidity, as well as the structural parameters thereof. The model is a piecewise function modelling the energy absorption of four deformation stages of paper honeycomb (linear-elastic stage, yield stage, plateau stage and densification stage) separately. Function of each stage is a simple formula relating the energy absorption capacity to the thickness-to-length ratio of honeycomb cell, the mechanical property of a cell-wall material tested under a controlled atmosphere [23 °C and 50% relative humidity (RH)] and the RH. Energy absorption curves were thereby obtained for paper honeycombs with a wide range of thickness-to-length ratios in arbitrary humidity environments. The created model was then verified by comparing the predicted energy absorption curves with the experimental ones. A good accordance between the predictions and the observations was achieved, indicating that the energy absorption models developed here could be used to practical application for the designing optimisation and material selection of paper honeycombs.     

内含气体对蜂窝纸板异面动态冲击性能的影响

目的以六边形蜂窝纸板为对象,研究内含气体对其异面冲击性能的影响。方法通过动态冲击实验分析内含气体对接触力、最大接触力、最大位移、最大应变和吸收能的影响,得出不同孔隙率时,蜂窝纸板的接触力-时间曲线,最大接触力、最大位移、最大应变、吸收能与冲击能曲线和吸收能-孔隙率曲线。结果在给定冲击能的情况下,最大接触力与吸收能随着孔隙率的增大而减小,最大位移及最大应变随着孔隙率的增大而增大。在孔隙率一定时,最大接触力、最大位移、最大应变和吸收能随冲击能线性增大。此外,冲击能越大,接触力达到峰值的时间越短,接触持续时间越长。结论在动态冲击实验中,内含气体使蜂窝纸板吸收冲击能的能力明显增强,并且当冲击能一定时,孔隙率越大,蜂窝纸板越容易被压变形,吸收能越少。     

一种新型蜂窝纸板包边工艺及其制品缓冲性能研究

提出了一种新型的蜂窝纸板包边工艺,以实现包边工序的机械化和自动化,并研究了该包边工艺下制品侧面的缓冲性能。对传统手工包边工艺生产的蜂窝纸板与所提出新型包边工艺生产的蜂窝纸板进行了对比实验,并采用多次曲线拟合的方法比较所得实验结果。研究结果表明,新型蜂窝纸板包边工艺是切实可行的,蜂窝纸板侧面在受集中载荷时,新型的包边工艺生产的蜂窝纸板的侧面缓冲吸能能力大于同种规格手工包边方式生产的蜂窝纸板;当蜂窝纸板的厚度小于40 mm时,传统手工包边工艺生产的蜂窝纸板的缓冲吸能能力随蜂窝纸板厚度的增加没有明显的变化趋势,而采用新型包边工艺生产的蜂窝纸板,其缓冲吸能能力随着蜂窝纸板厚度的增加而增强。     

蜂窝纸板在空投包装中的应用

目的研究蜂窝纸板在空投包装中的应用,构建军品绿色包装。方法通过研究蜂窝纸板的性能,并与瓦楞纸板进行比较,来分析蜂窝纸板在空投包装领域的应用效果及前景。结果蜂窝纸板密度小、抗弯刚度大、平压强度高、侧压强度高、缓冲性能好,是低碳可再生的绿色包装材料,可应用于空投平台、无伞空投物资、特殊包装等方面。结论蜂窝纸板可作为空投包装材料。     

Structure design of reinforced honeycomb paperboard core and characterization of its out‐of‐plane bearing strength

Honeycomb paperboard's out‐of‐plane bearing performance is one of the important properties in packaging field application. Further improvement of its bearing performance has important value in engineering practice. In this paper, a honeycomb core structure was designed, and the bonding dimension and manufacturing process were designed. The mechanism of out‐of‐plane quasi‐static compression deformation of reinforced honeycomb paperboard was analyzed by experiments. The theoretical model of out‐of‐plane platform stress was constructed by applying the plastic deformation, plastic energy dissipation and energy conservation theory. The results show that the improved structure can be mechanically bonded in a flat state with less technological changes. Under the same honeycomb core material and core size parameters, the bearing strength of the improved structure increases by an average of 3.9 times to conventional structure. In order to meet the same compressive strength requirement, the improved structure can reduce the performance requirements of honeycomb core material or increase the core size compared with the conventional structure. When the honeycomb core cell is larger, the tension on the core layer required for the production process is reduced. The theoretical and experimental data are in good agreement with each other, and the relative errors are all less than 13%.     

蜂窝纸板异面动态冲击性能的实验分析

目的以六边形蜂窝纸板为研究对象,研究厚度对其异面冲击性能的影响。方法通过动态冲击实验来分析接触力、最大接触力、最大位移、最大应变、吸收能与单位厚度冲击能之间的关系,研究厚度为30,40,50和60 mm等4种蜂窝纸板的异面冲击力学性能。结果当冲击能一定时,随着蜂窝纸板厚度的增加,接触力逐渐减小,接触时间逐渐变长;当单位厚度冲击能一定时,厚度与最大位移和吸收能成正比例关系,厚度与接触力、最大接触力、最大应变成反比例关系;对于任一厚度的蜂窝纸板,最大接触力、最大位移、最大应变、吸收能随单位厚度冲击能的增加而增加,且与其呈线性关系。结论当冲击能相同时,不同厚度蜂窝纸板的吸收能几乎相同,可知蜂窝纸板吸收能量的能力与蜂窝纸板的厚度无关,取决于冲击能量的大小。     

纸蜂窝夹芯复合板材静态缓冲性能研究

目的为了新型纸蜂窝夹芯复合板材在运输包装中的推广应用,对新型泡状纸蜂窝夹芯复合板和纸蜂窝夹芯复合平板的缓冲性能和吸能特性进行研究。方法主要通过静态压缩实验,研究不同芯高的纸蜂窝结构类板材的应力-应变曲线、总能量吸收图、单位体积能量吸收图和缓冲系数-应变曲线,分析结构和芯高对板材静态压缩性能的影响。结果数据表明同种芯高的板材,纸蜂窝夹芯复合平板的应力峰值稍高;纸蜂窝夹芯复合平板的能量吸收、单位体积能量吸收最好;泡状纸蜂窝夹芯板由于泡结构的作用,缓冲性能大大增强。结论纸蜂窝夹芯复合平板的平压强度最好,而泡状纸蜂窝夹芯复合板的缓冲性能优于同等结构的蜂窝纸板,2种板材都有很好的应用前景。     

Influence of Low‐Intensity Repeated Impacts on Energy Absorption and Vibration Transmissibility of Honeycomb Paperboard

Packaging products in logistics typically will receive multiple low‐intensity repeated impacts, fewer moderate to high‐intensity impacts and vibration. As a result of low‐intensity repeated impacts, local buckling and fold will be formed in honeycomb paperboard, and its cushioning performance will be weakened. This paper investigates the influence of low‐intensity repeated impacts on the cushioning performance of honeycomb paperboard. The low‐intensity repeated impacts with dropping height 5 cm were conducted at first. Then, the moderate‐intensity impact with dropping height 80 cm and vibration experiment were, respectively, conducted. The results show: (a) honeycomb paperboard absorbs the energy produced by low‐intensity repeated impacts through layer upon layer folding of honeycomb structure. The highest buckling peak turns up in low‐intensity impact, followed by a series of buckling in intact honeycomb paperboard. However, the buckling is not obvious in repeated impacts; (b) the load carrying capacity of honeycomb paperboard after low‐intensity repeated impacts declines significantly. Three deformation stages are observed in the load–displacement curve. Most of impact energy is absorbed in the plateau stage. The absorbed energy of damaged honeycomb paperboard under moderate‐intensity impact decreases with the increasing of low‐intensity impact repetitions; and (c) the low‐intensity repeated impacts have an obvious influence on the resonance frequency of packaging product and stiffness of honeycomb paperboard. To confirm vibration properties of product using honeycomb paperboard cushioning, it should be considered in a designing process that honeycomb paperboard changes soften more in logistics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stress Plateau of Multilayered Corrugated Paperboard in Various Ambient Humidities

This paper presents a mathematical model to predict the stress plateau of multilayered corrugated paperboard under flatwise compression in various humidity environments. The model relates the stress plateau to the thickness‐to‐flute pitch ratio of corrugated core cell, the yield stress of corrugated medium and the relative humidity in surrounding air. Multilayered corrugated paperboards with a wide range of thickness‐to‐flute pitch ratios are investigated under several levels of ambient humidities to explore the effect of relative humidity on the stress plateau of multilayered corrugated paperboard. Comparison of the predictions and experiments is made, and a good correlation is achieved corroborating the feasibility and accuracy of the model. The proposed method can be used for practical application of the optimum design and material selection of multilayered corrugated paperboard. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

简支梁式关键部件在蜂窝纸板缓冲作用下的冲击响应研究

具有简支梁式关键部件的电子产品,在运输过程中常用蜂窝纸板作为缓冲材料。为了分析这类易损部件在冲击载荷下的失效行为,先研究蜂窝纸板的压缩力学性能,并得到蜂窝纸板简化本构方程;然后在矩形加速度脉冲激励下,求解出最大应力与矩形脉冲峰值之间的关系,进而得到蜂窝纸板横截面积与厚度所满足的约束条件,推导出简支板弯曲应力的近似解析解;最后通过有限元分析验证解析法的可靠性。研究结果表明:蜂窝纸板在屈服阶段的应力可以表示为平台应力,且蜂窝纸板呈现率相关性;运用矩形加速度脉冲替代蜂窝纸板实际传递的加速度脉冲,在求解易损件的应力响应中具有较高的精度。     

蜂窝纸板振动传递特性的有限元仿真分析

目的针对蜂窝纸板的振动防护性能,研究不同结构和材料参数的蜂窝纸板振动传递特性的有限元仿真分析方法。方法利用有限元软件Abaqus/Standard建立蜂窝纸板-质量系统模型,设定2种蜂窝纸板,分别具有不同的面纸材料参数和蜂窝胞元边长。仿真分析蜂窝纸板的振动传递特性,并对其进行实验验证。结果通过仿真和实验得到了蜂窝纸板的振动传递率-频率曲线,共振频率的仿真结果与实验值误差小于3.43%,共振时振动传递率的仿真结果与实验值误差小于11.31%。结论利用该有限元仿真方法,能够获得不同结构和材料参数的蜂窝纸板的振动传递特性。仿真分析结果表明,面纸定量对蜂窝纸板振动传递特性的影响不大,而蜂窝胞元边长较大的蜂窝纸板,其系统共振频率较小,振动传递率变化不明显。     

蜂窝纸板缓冲曲线特征分析

分析了典型缓冲材料与蜂窝纸板力学模型的应力-应变曲线及缓冲系数-最大应力曲线特征,并提出了利用缓冲系数-最大应力曲线设计蜂窝纸板缓冲衬垫的方法。研究结果表明:典型缓冲材料的应力-应变曲线呈现单调递增趋势;蜂窝纸板的应力-应变曲线特征比较复杂,分为线弹性阶段、屈曲变形阶段、密实化阶段;蜂窝纸板的缓冲系数-最大应力曲线不规则,线弹性阶段的缓冲系数较大,缓冲效率不高,在该阶段可以与其它缓冲材料组合使用,屈曲变形阶段的缓冲系数及应力均较小,缓冲效率较高,但需要跨越峰值应力,在该阶段衬垫设计按照线弹性阶段的峰值应力计算,密实化阶段的材料承受应力较大,不利于保护产品。预压后的蜂窝纸板损失了部分承载能力,其缓冲系数-最大应力曲线平滑,因而其衬垫可按照经典缓冲衬垫设计方法进行设计。     

蜂窝纸板的静态特性研究

从理论上建立了蜂窝纸板的基本方程,并采用shell63板单元对蜂窝纸板进行了有限元模拟,利用ANSYS对其静态特性进行了计算;得到了中面受均布载荷时蜂窝纸板的应力图和应变图,并分析了板的应力和应变特点,.结果表明:在蜂窝纸板的中央位置应力和应变均为最大值,这将对其缓冲性能产生不良的影响.此结论为蜂窝纸板的改进和优化设计提供了参考依据.