电炉直接利用Cr Ni不锈钢除尘灰的试验分析

 Cr Ni不锈钢冶炼过程中每吨不锈钢产生30~40 kg的除尘灰,其中含有大量氧化铬、氧化镍、氧化铁等金属氧化物,研究回收除尘灰中金属元素的技术具有重要意义。在分析研究国内外除尘灰回收利用技术的基础上,通过热力学计算分析,提出将除尘灰压球后,直接装入电炉,利用碳硅还原除尘灰中的金属元素。对此技术在160 t电炉内进行前期试验研究,由试验结果可知,铁的回收率与试验熔清碳含量、硅铁加入量、渣碱度、温度等没有直接的关系,铬、镍的还原率受上述因素影响较大。     

近代电弧炉炼钢用氧技术

介绍了用氧技术在电弧炉钢中的作用，电弧炉炼钢用氧的现状及发展趋势，各种氧枪及烧嘴垢特点并对开发我国电弧炉用氧的技术提出了一些建议。     

不锈炼钢厂90t UHP电弧炉的计算机控制系统

介绍了太钢不锈炼钢厂90 tUHP电弧炉计算机控制系统、控制系统结构设计、系统功能特点和针对钢种的冶炼特点、原料条件应用和开发的数学模型,以及SVC动态无功补偿装置的有效利用。实践证明自动化及电气控制为90 t超高功率电炉弧可靠高效运行发挥了重要作用。     

莱钢50t电炉炉壁碳—氧喷吹系统的研究与应用

莱钢特钢厂50t电炉采用超音速聚合炉壁碳—氧枪,具有助熔、脱碳、二次燃烧、喷粉等功能,喷吹系统采用自动控制方式。应用结果表明,电炉冶炼周期缩短13 5min,吨钢冶炼电耗降低38kW h,吨钢电极消耗降低0 85kg,实现了电炉全过程自动供氧。     

不锈钢400系列除尘灰用于小高炉冶炼的经济性评价

将400系列除尘灰用小高炉冶炼含铬铁水供不锈钢使用会显著提高其中Cr的回收价值。本文对不同途径实现单座小高炉配加400系列除尘灰的可行性进行了初步的对比分析,并对400系列除尘灰利用的经济性进行了评估。     

In‐Situ Measurement of CO‐ and CO2‐Concentrations in BOF Off‐Gas

Improvement of the efficiency and productivity of steelmaking requires accurate and real‐time process information to precisely adjust the tapping conditions. The response time of BOF process control systems is commonly depending on the time needed for off‐gas sampling and analysis. A FTIR based measurement system was adapted and installed at an industrial steel converter of ArcelorMittal España S.A. in Aviles. An advanced data interpretation routine based on the quantum mechanical fundamentals of remote infrared (IR) spectroscopy was developed to enable precise determination of the {CO}‐ and {CO₂}‐concentrations, resp. their ratio, in the off‐gas. The results of the industrial measurement showed the ability of the FTIR based system for real‐time measurement of temperature, {CO}‐ and {CO₂}‐concentrations in the hot and dusty off‐gas. The influence of dust at the chosen defined optical path lengths in the IR wavelengths region can be neglected, but the collector lens clean has to be kept clean.     

Mass Balance Modeling for Electric Arc Furnace and Ladle Furnace System in Steelmaking Facility in Turkey

  In the electric arc furnace (EAF) steel production processes, scrap steel is principally used as a raw material instead of iron ore. In the steelmaking process with EAF, scrap is first melted in the furnace and then the desired chemical composition of the steel can be obtained in a special furnace such as ladle furnace (LF). This kind of furnace process is used for the secondary refining of alloy steel. LF furnace offers strong heating fluxes and enables precise temperature control, thereby allowing for the addition of desired amounts of various alloying elements. It also provides outstanding desulfurization at high temperature treatment by reducing molten steel fluxes and removing deoxidation products. Elemental analysis with mass balance modeling is important to know the precise amount of required alloys for the LF input with respect to scrap composition. In present study, chemical reactions with mass conservation law in EAF and LF were modeled altogether as a whole system and chemical compositions of the final steel alloy output can be obtained precisely according to different scrap compositions, alloying elements ratios, and other input amounts. Besides, it was found that the mass efficiency for iron element in the system is 9593%. These efficiencies are calculated for all input elements as 845% for C, 3031% for Si, 4636% for Mn, 3064% for P, 4196% for S, and 6979% for Cr, etc. These efficiencies provide valuable ideas about the amount of the input materials that are vanished or combusted for 100 kg of each of the input materials in the EAF and LF system.     

钒微合金化高强钢电炉炼钢工艺研究

基于电炉流程工艺研特点,发挥电炉钢N含量高的特点,采用在钢中加入VN合金进行V微合金化处理,控制钢水中[O]小于0.025%,[S]小于0.005%,采取提高VN合金收得率的工艺措施,使V的收得率在90%以上,加入VN 合金N的收得率在60%～70%,充分发挥了V晶粒细化和沉淀强化的作用,成功开发了V微合金化屈服强度550 MPa级的高强度热轧钢板.     

电弧炉烟气余热利用系统的设计应用

莱钢50t电炉第4孔高温烟气原来直接排入环境除尘系统,造成能源浪费。通过对电弧炉第4孔移动烟道的改造,实现与新建燃烧沉降室和热管式余热锅炉的对接,将余热管锅炉收集高温烟气热量所产生的蒸汽储存在2台150m3蓄热器中,以满足VD真空精炼炉生产需求。烟气余热回收系统可提供压力1.6MPa饱和蒸汽15t/h,每年节约燃油消耗费用2256万元。     

电弧炉采用RCB吹氧技术冶炼不锈钢

吹氧技术自20世纪50年代起引入电弧炉炼钢工艺以来,促进了电弧炉性能的持续提高。奥钢联福克斯应用组合式精炼烧嘴(RCB)的吹氧技术,在降低消耗指标、提高设备可靠性和改善控制等方面取得了重要进展。2002年1月,在CORUS钢铁工程公司的电弧炉炼钢厂进行了一系列试验,采用组合式精炼烧嘴(RCB)以及喷碳枪进行碳钢、合金钢、特别是不锈钢的冶炼。这是西半球首次在电弧炉上成功应用氧气射流技术冶炼不锈钢。     

Off‐gas Treatment in De‐chlorination Process of PVC

Waste polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which is used as oil substitute in blast furnaces, contains a large amount of chlorine. In the case of pyrolyzing PVC, it produces hydrochloric gas (HCl) which can damage plant equipment and pollute the environment. Hence it must be de‐chlorinated before it is injected into the blast furnace. This paper studied the treatment of off gas in the de‐chlorination process of PVC, and its influence on the environment. The results showed that a multi‐stage absorption system for HCl could recover up to 10% of the hydrochloric acid, which could then be used directly in galvanizing processes. It also reduced the emission of HCl to 0.0066 ~ 0.0068 mg/m³, which is far less than the 0.030 mg/m³ allowed by the national environmental standard [1].     

新型耐酸性不锈钢波纹补偿器在莱钢煤气系统的应用

介绍了现波纹膨胀器在煤气管网运行中的腐蚀情况及原因,并从材质、结构上提出了解决腐蚀的改进措施,说明了该新结构、新材质的膨胀器在莱钢的使用效果。     

Modeling of an Impinging Oxygen Jet on Molten Bath Surface in 150 t EAF

 A transient three-dimensional mathematical model has been developed to analyze the three-phase flow in a 150 t EAF (electric arc furnace) using oxygen. VOF (multiphase volume of fluid) method is used to simulate the behaviors of molten steel and slag. Numerical simulation was conducted to clarify the transient phenomena of oxygen impingement on molten bath. When oxygen jet impinges on the surface of molten bath, the slag layer is broken and the penetrated cavity in molten steel is created. Simultaneously, the wave is formed at the surface of uncovered steel on which the slag layer is pushed away by jet. The result of numerical simulations shows that the area and velocity of uncovered steel created by impingement, jet penetration depth change from 0.10 m2, 0.0125 m/s, 3.58 cm to 0.72 m2, 0.1445 m/s, 11.21 cm, when the flow rate of an oxygen lance varies from 500 to 2000 m3/h. The results have been validated against water model experiments. More specially, the relation between the penetration depth and oxygen flow rate predicted by numerical simulation has been found to agree well with that concluded by water model.     

Modelling and Closed‐loop Control of Complex Tube Forming Based on an Optimized Application of Martensite Formation in Austenitic Stainless Steels

Metastable austenitic steels undergo deformation‐induced martensitic transformation which can lead to a distinct increase of fatigue strength at an optimal volume fraction of martensite. This effect was used in the present study to define the local strength behaviour of a structural component part for the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime. The investigation was on a discontinuous two‐stage forming process that consists of U‐O‐forming and rotary draw bending and results in a cross tube of a trailer coupling as exemplary dynamically loaded component. The volume fraction of martensite can be adjusted by means of plastomechanical simulation of the forming process and its parameters as part of the online process control. The formation of martensite shows a strong dependence on forming parameters (e.g. temperature and strain‐rate) and batch variations. These disturbance variables can only be taken into account by a closed‐loop control. Non‐isothermal material models were analysed according to their simulation accuracy of the martensite evolution. For the online control various hierarchical mathematical models were studied with regard to time effort and model error.     

专家系统在电炉炼钢工艺中的应用

把可拓学中定量化描述解决矛盾问题过程的工具——关联函数——引入到电弧炉可拓专家系统中,用以解决电炉出钢前钢水成分不合格的矛盾问题.电弧炉终点目标神经网络预报模型作为可拓专家系统评价机构的基础.终点预报模型用混合遗传算法训练,达到了较高的预报精度.仿真结果表明电炉可拓专家系统可以指导技术人员进行更合理的炼钢操作.