非扩展性与可扩展性视频编码流式技术

介绍面向存储的非扩展性视频编码和面向传输的可扩展性视频编码及其网络传输技术，以及它们在网络上应用时各自存在的优点和缺点。     

非扩展性与可扩展性视频编码流式技术

介绍面向存储的非扩展性视频编码和面向传输的可扩展性视频编码及其网络传输技术 ,以及它们在网络上应用时各自存在的优点和缺点     

Network Bandwidth Requirements for Scalable On-Demand Streaming

Previously proposed streaming protocols using broadcast or multicast are able to deliver multimedia files on-demand with required server bandwidth that grows much slower than linearly with request rate, or with the inverse of client start-up delay. The same efficiencies can be achieved for network bandwidth if delivery is over a true broadcast channel. This paper considers the required network bandwidth for on-demand streaming over multicast delivery trees. We consider both simple canonical delivery trees, and more complex cases in which delivery trees are constructed using both existing and new algorithms for randomly generated network topologies and client site locations. Results in this paper quantify the potential savings from use of multicast trees that are configured to minimize network bandwidth rather than the latency to the content server. Further, we determine the network bandwidth usage of particular immediate service and periodic broadcast on-demand streaming protocols. The periodic broadcast protocol is able to simultaneously achieve close to the minimum possible network and server bandwidth usage.     

Design of Finite-Length Precoded EWF Codes for Scalable Video Streaming

Wireless Personal Communications - Expanding window fountain (EWF) codes, which can provide unequal erasure protection property, are used as an efficient application-layer forward error correction...     

Video Streaming with Network Coding

Recent years have witnessed an explosive growth in multimedia streaming applications over the Internet. Notably, Content Delivery Networks (CDN) and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks have emerged as two effective paradigms for delivering multimedia contents over the Internet. One salient feature shared between these two networks is the inherent support for path diversity streaming where a receiver receives multiple streams simultaneously on different network paths as a result of having multiple senders. In this paper, we propose a network coding framework for efficient video streaming in CDNs and P2P networks in which, multiple servers/peers are employed to simultaneously stream a video to a single receiver. We show that network coding techniques can (a) eliminate the need for tight synchronization between the senders, (b) be integrated easily with TCP, and (c) reduce server’s storage in CDN settings. Importantly, we propose the Hierarchical Network Coding (HNC) technique to be used with scalable video bit stream to combat bandwidth fluctuation on the Internet. Simulations demonstrate that under certain scenarios, our proposed network coding techniques can result in bandwidth saving up to 60% over the traditional schemes.     

基于中继的OFDMA网络中可扩展编码视频流传输的权衡优化(英文)

To achieve an optimal trade-off between video quality and energy efficiency in the uplink streaming of multi-user Scalable Video Coding (SVC) videos in relay-based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) cellular networks, a cross-layer design framework that jointly selects the Transmission Policy (TP) for SVC video frames, assigns OFDMA subcarriers, and allocates power for each subcarrier is proposed. We apply the dual decomposition method to the problem, and obtain a TP selection subproblem for each SVC video adaptation and a resource allocation subproblem of Joint Subcarrier, Relay and Power Allocation (JSRPA). A second level of dual decomposition is used to divide the JSRPA problem into independent subcarrier subproblems. The proposed Crosslayer Trade-off Optimization (CTO) algorithm is sub-distributed with significantly low complexity. A performance evaluation with typical SVC video traces demonstrates that the proposed algorithm is able to converge and efficiently achieve the optimal trade-off between the video quality and energy consumption at the MSs for uplink SVC streaming.     

Modeling End-to-End Wireless Lossy Channels: A Finite-State Markov Approach

In this paper, we present a model for wireless losses in packet transmission data networks. The model provides information about the wireless channel status that can be used in congestion control schemes. A Finite State Markov Channel (FSMC) approach is implemented to model the wireless slow fading for different modulation schemes. The arrival process statistics of the packet traces determine the channel state transition probabilities, where the statistics of both error-free and erroneous bursts are captured. Later, we establish SNR partitioning scheme that uses the transition probabilities as a basis for the state margins. The crossover probability associated with each state is calculated accordingly. We also propose an end-to-end approach to loss discrimination based on the channel state estimation at the receiver. Finally, we present a scheme for finding the channel optimal number of states as a function of the SNR. The presented FSMC approach does not restrict the state transitions to the adjacent states, nor does impose constant state duration as compared to some literature studies. We validate our model by experimental packet traces. Our simulation results show the feasibility of building a fading channel model for better wireless-loss awareness.     

低复杂度的可伸缩视频流媒体MGS编码方案优化

针对不同带宽环境及用户分布选取可伸缩视频流媒体编码方案的不确定性问题是影响视频流编码质量的关键因素,为了实现在指定网络带宽区域条件下多用户实时性访问的编码质量优化,提出了一种低复杂度适应网络带宽区域和质量可伸缩的视频流媒体编码方案优化方法。该方法的基本思想是在视频内容分析和理解的基础上,首先根据MGS片层数据统计特性设计出对应率失真(R-D)模型,结合I,P,B帧类型率失真特性进行视频流码率估计;然后根据优化算法推导出合理编码方式;最后分析该方法的计算时间复杂度。在ITU-T标准文档Q.6/SG16所定义的信道通用测试平台上进行实验研究,实验结果表明所提优化方法能在与传统编码方案复杂度近似情况下带来0.3-1dB视频序列质量增益,且适用于通用的传输信道模型。      

流媒体视频系统在宽带网中的应用

随着国内宽带建设的加速发展,以流媒体(StreamingMedia)为核心架构的宽带网络多媒体应用系统正迅速崛起,并成为整个业界关注的焦点。流式技术以其边下载边播放的特性深受教育、娱乐等行业的喜爱,并给宽带运营商带来了可观的收益回报。本文结合流媒体技术在绍兴广电宽带城域网中应用做一些介绍。     

Hierarchical Optimization of Cascading Error Protection Scheme for H.264 Scalable Video Streaming

Forward error correction (FEC) coding has been shown to offer a feasible solution to fulfill the need for Quality of Service for multimedia streaming over the fluctuant channels, especially in terms of the reduction of end-to-end delay. In this paper, we propose the Dynamic FEC-Distortion Optimization Algorithm to efficiently utilize the network bandwidth for better visual quality by means of hierarchical coding structure with the cascading error protection scheme. The optimization criteria are based on the unequal error protection by taking account of the error drifting problems from both temporal motion compensation and inter-layer prediction of the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC scalable video coding so that the priorities of each video components can be differentiated for the calculation of the distribution of parity packets. It is shown that the cascading error protection scheme makes the hierarchical structure of error erasure code more efficient. Also, the proposed algorithm works particularly well for fast motion videos and the performance does not depend on accurate estimation of packet loss rate.     

Performance of Multilayered Video Encoding and Delivery over Lossy Channels Using a Joint Source-Channel Coding Approach

In this paper, the performance of selected error-control schemes based on forward error-control (FEC) coding for H.263+ video transmission over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is studied. Joint source and channel coding (JSCC) techniques that employ single-layer and 2-layer H.263+ coding in conjunction with unequal error protection (UEP) to combat channel errors are quantitatively compared. Results indicate that with appropriate joint source and channel coding, tailored to the respective layers, FEC-based error control in combination with 2-layer video coding techniques can lead to more acceptable quality for wireless video delivery in the presence of channel impairments. Yong Pei is currently a tenure-track assistant professor in the Computer Science and Engineering Department, Wright State University, Dayton, OH. Previously he was a visiting assistant professor in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL. He received his B.S. degree in electrical power engineering from Tsinghua University, Beijing, in 1996, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, in 1999 and 2002, respectively. His research interests include information theory, wireless communication systems and networks, and image/video compression and communications. He is a member of IEEE and ACM. James W. Modestino (S′67- M′73- SM′81- F′87) was born in Boston, MA, on April 27, 1940. He received the B.S. degree from Northeastern University, Boston, MA, in 1962, and the M.S. degree from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, in 1964, both in electrical engineering. He also received the M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, in 1968 and 1969, respectively. He has held a number of industrial positions, including positions with RCA Communications Systems Division, Camden, NJ; General Electronic Laboratories, Cambridge, MA; AVCO Systems Division, Wilmington, MA; GTE Laboratories, Waltham, MA; and MIT Lincoln Laboratories, Lexington, MA. From 1970 to 1972, he was an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Northeastern University. In 1972, he joined Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, where until leaving in 2002 he was an Institute Professor in the Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering Department and Director of the Center for Image Processing Research. He has been responsible for teaching and research in the communication, information and signal processing systems area. His specific research interests include communication in fading dispersive channels; detection, estimation and filtering in impulsive or burst noise environments; digital signal, image and video processing; and multimedia communication systems and networks. In 2002 he joined the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, as the Victor E. Clarke Endowed Scholar, Professor and Chair. He has held visiting positions with the University of California at San Diego, LaJolla, CA (1981–1982); GE Research and Development Center, Schenectady, NY (1988–1989); and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA (1995–1996). Dr. Modestino is a past member of the Board of Governors of the IEEE Information Theory Group. He is a past Associate Editor and Book Review Editor for the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY. In 1984, he was co-recipient of the Stephen O. Rice Prize Paper Award from the IEEE Communications Society and in 2000 he was co-recipient of the best paper award at the International Packet Video Conference.     

无线网络中视频流的协作传输研究分析

提出一种两跳的协作传输方案,该方案利用无线信道广播特性,并结合应用层视频包的信息,通过选择成功监听到数据包的节点来承担协作传输任务,以此来降低重传次数,降低包的接入和服务延时,提高传输效率,以解决在无线环境下流媒体传输存在丢包率高、吞吐量受误码率影响、端到端的传输延时等QoS问题.     

H.264分级编码在流媒体系统中的应用

设计并实现了一种基于H．264分级视频编码技术的视频交互系统,充分利用网络带宽,实现了网络带宽和视频质量之间的最优化,可满足不同网络用户的需求。     

Integrating Adaptive Video Streaming Service with Multi-access Network Management

In the future, mobile Internet access is expected to be over heterogeneous technologies and with support for dynamic adaptation in order to adjust efficiently to the varying network availability and conditions. To remove the burden of multi-access network management from users and operators, cognitive network management mechanisms may be used for obtaining the required automation over several networking functions like access selection and routing. In this paper, we introduce a novel control and signaling architecture employing cognitive mechanisms in optimizing video stream delivery over multi-access networks. We also present a prototype implementation of the proposed system encompassing open source components and supporting Scalable Video Coding (SVC). The initial results obtained from an experimental evaluation show how our solution may be used for optimizing video stream delivery in multi-access networks according to a user or operator defined policy.     

Scalable On-Demand Streaming of Nonlinear Media

A conventional video file contains a single temporally-ordered sequence of video frames. Clients requesting on-demand streaming of such a file receive (all or intervals of) the same content. For popular files that receive many requests during a file playback time, scalable streaming protocols based on multicast or broadcast have been devised. Such protocols require server and network bandwidth that grow much slower than linearly with the file request rate. This paper considers ldquononlinearrdquo video content in which there are parallel sequences of frames. Clients dynamically select which branch of the video they wish to follow, sufficiently ahead of each branch point so as to allow the video to be delivered without jitter. An example might be ldquochoose-your-own-endingrdquo movies. With traditional scalable delivery architectures such as movie theaters or TV broadcasting, such personalization of the delivered video content is very difficult or impossible. It becomes feasible, in principle at least, when the video is streamed to individual clients over a network. For on-demand streaming of nonlinear media, this paper analyzes the minimal server bandwidth requirements, and proposes and evaluates practical scalable delivery protocols.     

基于IP网络音、视频流式传输的实现

提出了基于IP网络的音、视频流式传输的实现方案,对其相关技术作了分析;阐述了该方案的实现过程,并对音、视频流式传输的网络应用作了介绍.     

嵌入式MPEG-4网络视频流媒体服务器的设计与实现

详细介绍了一套基于MPEG-4压缩的嵌入式网络流媒体采集、传输、控制系统.嵌入式CPU采用S3C2410B,嵌入式操作系统采用嵌入式Linux操作系统,MPEG-4视频压缩芯片采用MPEG-4硬压缩芯片WIS GO7007B.     

一种改进的可分级视频编码方法及其网络传输研究

该文提出了一种改进的可分级视频编码方法。为了适应流媒体的分层传输要求,该方法通过对DCT系数量化残差的位平面编码产生视频流的增强层部分,其基本层码流由更多的子基本层组成,各子基本层通过宏块级DCT系数重排及VLC重组生成。同时,该文设计了一种针对该分层视频流数据的网络传输自适应不等重丢包保护(AUPLP)策略,在估计当前可利用带宽资源的基础上,实时调整不同层数据的保护力度,并控制传输截断的层数。仿真结果表明,与传统方法相比该文方案在低带宽时可获得平均1.2dB的编码增益,AUPLP的应用也大大改善了视频流媒体的传输质量。     

Reducing Channel Capacity for Scalable Video Coding in a Distributed Network

In recent years, the development of multimedia devices has meant that a wider multimedia streaming service can be supported, and there are now many ways in which TV channels can communicate with different terminals. Generally, scalable video streaming is known to provide more efficient channel capacity than simulcast video streaming. Simulcast video streaming requires a large network bandwidth for all resolutions, but scalable video streaming needs only one flow for all resolutions. In previous research, scalable video streaming has been compared with simulcast video streaming for network channel capacity, in two user simulation environments. The simulation results show that the channel capacity of SVC is 16% to 20% smaller than AVC, but scalable video streaming is not efficient because of the limit of the present network framework. In this paper, we propose a new network framework with an SVC extractor. The proposed network framework shows a channel capacity 50% (maximum) lower than that found in previous research studies.