坦克红外辐射特性的研究

本文从５个不同的角度研究了坦克的红外国辐射特性，并对在热平衡学理论基础上建立的坦克红外辐射理论的数学模型进行了分析和讨论。     

漫谈红外辐射测温仪

介绍红外辐射测温仪的测温原理、特点和广应用及检定状况,辐射温度计检定中存在的问题.     

巡航导弹尾焰红外辐射特性建模及分析

对巡航导弹尾焰的流场分布进行了分析,建立了简化工程模型.该模型可在已知尾喷管压力、温度的条件下计算尾焰的温度场和压力场分布,与计算流体力学在相应条件下模拟的尾焰流场特性基本一致.进而以C.G谱带法计算简化模型的辐射亮度分布.计算结果表明,巡航导弹尾焰核心区的辐射亮度特征明显;尾焰辐射3～5鱩波段可作为探测尾焰的主要波段;辐射亮度在与尾焰垂直方向最强.本文的结果可为探测巡航导弹及空间相机的谱带选择提供依据.     

飞行弹丸红外辐射特性模拟测试研究

为了消除光电探测靶对背景光源的依赖,研究了大气传输对飞行弹丸红外辐射特性的影响,设计飞行弹丸模拟试验平台,通过此平台对飞行弹丸红外辐射特性进行了模拟测试实验。实验测试表明,该试验平台操作方便、可靠性高、成本低,可以实现对不同口径(5mm～30mm)弹丸的模拟测试。     

插入式红外辐射测温仪校准方法的研究

插入式红外辐射测温仪是近年来新兴的高温领域测温仪表,与热电偶相比,价格低廉、寿命长,与红外辐射测温仪相比,它可避免恶劣环境的干扰,准确度更高。对插入式红外辐射测温仪的原理结构及校准方法做了介绍和研究,有助于其在高温测量领域中的推广及应用。     

加装红外抑制器的直升机红外辐射的计算及测量

计算了光谱在3～5 μm及8～12 μm范围内,加装与机身结构一体化红外抑制器的某型直升机排气系统的红外辐射特性.计算中考虑了排气系统部分蒙皮的红外辐射、双喷管发动机喷气流的红外辐射、背景辐射及大气的吸收衰减对直升机排气系统红外辐射信号的影响.实验发现,一架加装与机身结构一体化红外抑制器的直升机排气系统红外辐射特性的计算结果,与实测结果基本一致.     

颜料对低发射涂料红外辐射特性的影响

本文详细论述了应用于红外陷身涂层的金属颜料、着色颜料的研究现状，并对这些颜料的红外特性进行了讨论。讨论认为：金属颜料发射率一般较低，在金属颜料中，粒径50цm的漂浮型铝粉具有较好的红外性能；在着色颜料中，大多数着色颜料具有很高的发射率，不适宜热红外伪装涂料使用；掺杂半导体颜料制成的涂料性能优良，但目前还处于研制阶段，是今后颜料发展的一个方向。     

婴儿辐射保暖台红外辐照度的测量

近年来婴儿辐射保暖台的测量需求越来越多,其中红外辐照度的指标会影响婴儿的生命安全,但目前还没有相关的研究,本文填补了这一项空白,讨论了婴儿辐射保暖台红外辐照度的测量方法,并提出了相应的参考指标,为医疗计量的发展做出了贡献。     

8～12μm波段高精度红外辐射测量系统的研究

研制高精度8～12μm波段红外辐射测量系统,辐射测量系统主要由前置光学系统、精密光调制器、HgCdTe红外探测器、锁相放大器以及数据采集系统组成。系统采用光调制器对红外辐射进行调制,通过前置放大、A/D转换,接口数据输出,实现三个波段窗口红外辐射量的测量。通过设计软件进行数据处理、显示、存储和打印等,实现系统的高精度,快速测量。     

国外机载红外测量系统综述

简要地介绍国外机载红外测量系统的发展情况,对其在红外测试技术领域的发展的特点给予了分析、总结.     

Aerodynamic heating of ballistic missile including the effects of gravity

The aerodynamic heating of a ballistic missile due to only convection is analysed taking into consideration the effects of gravity. The amount of heat transferred to the wetted area and to the nose region has been separately determined, unlike A Miele’s treatise without consideration of gravity. The peak heating rates to the wetted area and to the nose of the missile are also investigated. Finally four numerical examples are cited to estimate the errors, in heat transfers and heating rates to both wetted area and nose region of the missile, arising out of neglecting the gravitational forces.     

红外固化技术对大厚度涂料固化性能的影响

针对装备大厚度涂料局部损伤修复时存在受环境温度影响大,涂料固化时间长、质量控制难等固化难题,以红外辐射技术为应用基础,尝试引入损伤涂层的修复工作中。研究了某大厚度涂料红外固化性能．试验结果表明,在保证涂层性能的前提下,使用红外快速固化技术可大幅度缩短固化时间,仅为常温固化时间1／6。可大大提高维修效率。     

钢纤维混凝土遮弹层抗弹丸侵彻效应试验研究与分析

钢纤维混凝土遮弹层抗常规武器侵彻效应问题,是防护工程界亟待解决的一个崭新课题。为研究这种新型防护材料的抗侵彻性能,利用Φ12.7mm弹道炮-测速靶系统对混凝土及钢纤维混凝土进行了弹道冲击对比试验,获得了弹丸着靶速度及对应的最大侵彻深度、弹坑直径、靶体破坏形态等试验参数,并利用高速摄影系统记录了靶体的动态破坏过程。针对现有经验公式均不能反映钢纤维混凝土材料高韧性影响的不足,引入钢纤维混凝土材料韧度R,对试验数据进行了回归分析,导出了侵彻深度工程计算公式。计算结果与试验数据对比表明,预估公式计算精度较高,公式中相关参数简单易于确定,且能反映钢纤维混凝土的高强高韧性特点,在实际工程应用中具有重要的参考价值。     

刚性卵形头弹撞击角度对编织复合材料层合板侵彻特性的影响

利用一级气炮发射卵形头弹撞击2 mm厚度的编织复合材料层合板,撞击角度分别为0°、30°和45°,通过高速相机记录弹靶撞击过程,并获得弹体速度数据。基于拟合公式处理试验数据,计算获取弹道极限,分析撞击角度对弹道极限、靶板能量吸收率及其失效模式的影响规律及机制。结果表明：弹体撞击角度为45°时,靶板弹道极限最高,其次为0°,撞击角度为30°时最小。随着冲击角度增加,层合板损伤形状从菱形逐渐转变为椭球形,损伤面积随冲击速度增加而增大,且45°冲击时层合板损伤面积最大,0°和30°冲击时损伤面积近似相等。弹体初始撞击角度对靶体失效模式存在影响,弹体撞击角度为0°时,纤维断口主要是剪切应力导致的横截面。撞击角度为30°时,纤维断口主要是剪切应力和拉伸应力导致的斜截面。45°斜撞击时,纤维断口主要是拉伸应力导致的横截面。     

The Influence of Distance and Focus on the Calibration of Infrared Radiation Thermometers

If a radiation thermometer is calibrated by measuring the temperatures of two cavities having different geometries, sometimes discrepancies arise between them, even though their emissivities are close to that of a blackbody. The origin of such discrepancies may result from the size-of-source effect, and in the distance-to-target effect for those thermometers that offer focusing capability. Examples include: (a) out-of-focus image changes the reading: different focus settings produce different results and (b) measurements taken at different distances produce different results. These effects are discussed, their contribution to the measurement uncertainty is evaluated, and some recommendations are made for practical blackbody cavities or radiators to reduce such effects.     

某型高压油泵壳体表面辐射噪声特性研究

采用有限元与边界元联合求解的方法对高压油泵壳体表面辐射噪声特性进行研究。利用Pro/E软件建立了高压油泵壳体三维模型,利用Abaqus软件求解其表面振动响应,把其结果作为在Virtual.Lab Acoustics软件中边界元求解辐射声场时的边界条件,并分析了对整体表面辐射噪声声功率贡献较大的部位,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,表明该方法可行性高,并为后续高压油泵结构的改进设计提供了参考。     

空间跟踪与监视系统预警探测单元的技术特性分析

对空间跟踪与监视系统预警探测单元的探测视场、成像像素规模、空间分辨力、光学增益等光学系统性能进行了逆向工程解算;基于目标与背景的短波红外辐射特性,对该预警探测单元的工作波段进行了定量分析,提出了其预警探测单元并非工作在传统预警卫星常用的低大气透过率波段(2.5~2.9μm)的新观点。计算结果表明,在强背景噪声条件下,预警探测单元采取高大气透过率波段(2~2.4μm)的选通滤波措施,可获得最优探测能力。     

Transient behaviors in thermal radiation characteristics of heat-resisting metals and alloys in oxidation processes

A high-speed spectrophotometer system is developed to study radiation characteristics of materials. The system allows measurements of the spectra at wavelengths of 0.35–10m repeatedly with a period of less than 1 s. It is applied to the study of transient behaviors in reflection characteristics of heat-resisting alloys and the constituent transition metals in air-oxidation processes at high temperatures. An interference phenomenon due to the multiple reflection at the upper and lower boundaries of the oxide film is observed in the diffuse reflection spectra of oxidizing rough-finished surfaces as well as in the specular reflection spectra of oxidizing specular-finished surfaces. The phenomenon is found to be fairly reproducible and consistent over all the materials investigated. It is attributed to the interference and diffraction of radiation at three-dimensional nonparallel film elements of the polycrystalline oxide grains. A possibility is suggested for the theoretical modeling of radiation characteristics of real surfaces in the actual environments of industry.Paper presented at the Tenth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 20–23, 1988, Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S.A.     

Elements in the determination of instability in the intensity of laser radiation

The article presents a formula for estimating the component of uncertainty in the measurement of the relative statistical fluctuation of the power of laser radiation caused by a finite number of measurements of power on the basis of which instability is determined. The influence of drift on the measured radiation power is established and a formula for adding the drift and fluctuation components of the relative statistical fluctuation is checked. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 11, pp. 28–32, November, 2006     

Boundary integral equation analysis for radiation and scattering of elastic waves in three dimensions

Abstract

In this paper, the boundary integral equation (BIE) method is employed to investigate the radiation and scattering of time‐harmonic elastic waves by obstacles of arbitrary shape embedded in an infinite medium. Based on the vector BIE, entirely free of Cauchy principal value integrals, an efficient numerical scheme using quadratic isoparametric boundary elements is proposed. Furthermore, the difficulty of non‐uniquess of a solution inherent with BIE formulations for exterior elastodynamic problems is studied numerically and analytically. The counterparts of the combined Helmholtz integral formulation method for elastodynamics together with the least‐square or Lagrange‐multiplier technique are derived and applied to overcome this difficulty successfully. In addition, the elastic‐wave fields radiated or scattered by either a spherical cavity or a rigid sphere in an infinite medium are calculated and the results are compared with the analytical solutions to demonstrate the accuracy and versatility of the proposed numerical scheme.