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轻骨料混凝土　轻骨料混凝土是指使用小密度骨料配制的混凝土 ,密度大约在 15 5 0～ 195 0kg/m3 之间 ,而普通混凝土密度约为 2 40 0kg/m3 。轻骨料混凝土可使建筑物整体载荷降低 2 0 %左右 ,从而降低工程造价。火山浮石、粉煤灰和陶粒 ,都可用作轻骨料混凝土。陶粒是人造建筑轻骨料的简称 ,根据原料不同分为粘土陶粒、页岩陶粒、煤矸石陶粒和粉煤灰陶粒 ,按容重可分为一般容重陶粒 ( >40 0kg/m3 )、超轻容重陶粒 ( 4 0 0～ 2 0 0kg/m3 )和特轻容重陶粒 ( <2 0 0kg/m3 ) ,按颗粒大小可分为陶粒 ( >5mm )和陶砂( <5mm )。陶粒由于质轻、保温…     

钢管自密实轻骨料混凝土变形性能试验研究

采用堆积密度分别为500 kg/m³、800 kg/m³的页岩陶粒和堆积密度为1 600 kg/m³的普通碎石作为粗骨料配制自密实轻骨料混凝土和普通混凝土,并成型了钢管轻骨料混凝土与钢管普通混凝土,对比研究了二者的收缩应变、轴压应力-应变变化规律和温度-应变变化规律。结果表明:随着粗骨料堆积密度的降低,同配比轻骨料混凝土的密度、强度和弹性模量均逐渐降低;相同龄期时,钢管轻骨料混凝土及其核心轻骨料混凝土的收缩应变均小于钢管普通混凝土及其核心混凝土的收缩应变,钢管与核心轻骨料混凝土的密贴性更好;钢管轻骨料混凝土的轴压应力-应变变化规律与钢管普通混凝土的基本相同,与钢管普通混凝土相比,钢管轻骨料混凝土的弹性模量有所降低,但比非钢管约束状态下轻骨料混凝土弹性模量的降低幅值有所减小;钢管轻骨料混凝土与钢管普通混凝土的温度-应变相当,均为4.0 με/℃左右。     

冻融作用后塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土力学性能试验研究

以圆球形粉煤灰陶粒为粗骨料,对塑钢纤维(0kg/m3、3kg/m3、6kg/m3、9kg/m3)轻骨料混凝土试件进行快速冻融(0次、50次、100次、150次)试验,研究冻融后试件的抗压性能、劈裂抗拉性能、抗折性能、抗冲击性能.结果表明:冻融循环作用下,适量的塑钢纤维掺入可以明显增强轻骨料混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度;提高轻骨料混凝土折压比,增强轻骨料混凝土抗裂性能;并能显著改善轻骨料混凝土的抗冲击性能.综合各项力学性能指标,冻融后轻骨料混凝土塑钢纤维最优掺量为6kg/m3.     

不同强度等级的高强轻骨料混凝土配合比研究

随着生产技术和施工工艺的进步,强度等级为LC60以上的轻骨料混凝土制备技术逐步成熟,采用四种不同堆积密度的碎石和圆球型膨胀页岩陶粒,对其物理性能进行了研究,设计了21组配合比试验方案,系统分析了骨料、水胶比、纤维对其力学性能的影响,得到了强度等级为LC40、LC50、LC60的最优配合比.研究表明:碎石型陶粒为制备高强轻骨料混凝土的最优骨料,0.26的水胶比可使混凝土强度达到70 MPa,纤维起到了良好的阻裂作用.     

高强轻骨料陶粒混凝土配合比及强度影响因素试验研究

本文使用国产陶粒为轻骨料,通过掺入活性矿物掺合料(粉煤灰)与高效减水剂复掺技术,采用“绝对体积法”设计了三种陶粒混凝土的配合比,完成了27组243个100 mm×100 mm×100 mm立方体轻骨料陶粒混凝土试块立方体抗压强度试验,并对所用骨料物理力学性能进行了研究.同时,通过系统试验,研究了骨料强度、水胶比、粉煤灰掺入量等因素对陶粒混凝土强度的影响.最终得到了陶粒混凝土的最佳配合比方案,为轻骨料混凝土的应用提供理论依据.     

塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土力学性能及最佳纤维掺量试验研究

以不掺塑钢纤维的LC30轻骨料混凝土为基准,研究了塑钢纤维掺量变化(5 kg/m3、7 kg/m3、9 kg/m3、11 kg/m3、13 kg/m3)对轻骨料混凝土抗压、劈裂抗拉、抗折、弯曲韧性及抗冲击性能的影响,结果表明:塑钢纤维对轻骨料混凝土抗压性能改善效果不明显,但能显著提高轻骨料混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度、弯曲韧性及抗冲击性能.综合各项性能指标给出塑钢纤维用于结构轻骨料混凝土的建议掺量为9 kg/m3.     

塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土氯离子渗透性试验研究

采用快速氯离子迁移系数法(RCM)对塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土氯离子渗透性进行研究,主要考察了塑钢纤维掺量、陶粒类型和陶粒预湿时间三个影响因素对氯离子掺透性的影响.研究结果表明,塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土氯离子扩散系数随纤维掺量的增大而减小,且掺量为9 kg/m3时,氯离子扩散系数值最小;相较于粉煤灰陶粒,页岩陶粒制备的塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土氯离子扩散系数更低;陶粒预湿时间对塑钢纤维轻骨料混凝土的氯离子扩散系数影响不大,但未掺纤维的轻骨料混凝土氯离子扩散系数随陶粒预湿时间的增加而增大.     

利用电石渣制备结构用硅酸盐陶粒的研究

硅酸盐壳层陶粒的制备利用电石渣等作为钙质原料,粉煤灰作为硅质原料,在湿基电石渣掺量为37.5%~43.4%,温度为180℃,压力为1MPa的蒸压养护条件下得到了筒压强度高于10 MPa,经过15次冻融循环质量损失小于4%的细石英砂-粉煤灰-电石渣陶粒。所得陶粒堆积密度低于900 kg/m~3,表观密度低于1 800 kg/m~3;筒压强度较市售陶粒提高4~6 MPa,增幅达60%以上。采用标号52.5硅酸盐水泥可以配制出抗压强度80 MPa硅酸盐壳层陶粒混凝土,干表观密度比普通混凝土降低20.9%。硅酸盐壳层陶粒可以配置不同标号的轻混凝土(LWAC),陶粒在混凝土中具有显著强度提升效应,对混凝土强度的贡献优于碎石和烧结陶粒。     

利用泥岩研制高强陶粒

在一条多功能生产线上改变生产工艺用泥岩成功研制生产出球型高强陶粒和碎石型高强陶粒，按国家标准要求测定了试制品的性能，球型高强陶粒的堆积密度749kg／m^3，筒压强度7．7Mpa，强度标号25Mpa；碎石型高强陶粒的堆积密度1080kg／m^3，筒压强度121Mpa，强度标号35Mpa。研制陶粒配制了轻集料混凝土，其主要技术指标如下：表现密度1500kg／m^3，28d强度38Mpa；表观密度1800kg／m^3，28d强度51Mpa；表观密度2000kg／m^3，28d强度79Mpa。总结出了当地泥岩和产不同高强度陶粒的关键生产技术。     

高强轻骨料混凝土配合比设计方法及试验研究

基于最紧密堆积理论和浆体膜厚理论对高强轻骨料混凝土的基础配合比进行设计研究,采用最小需水量法和紧密堆积法分别测定多元粉体材料和多元骨料体系的最佳搭配比例,并以水胶比和浆体膜厚为参数变量,测定8组不同配合比混凝土试件的抗压强度及干表观密度.试验结果表明:不同设计理论制配的混凝土28 d抗压强度在50 MPa以上,干表观密度也在1950 kg/m3以下;由比强度和抗压强度间的拟合关系可发现,混凝土均满足高强轻质的设计要求,其中基于浆体膜厚理论的配合比设计效果更佳.     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.