大F数硅微透镜阵列的制作及光学性能测试研究

提出了一种补偿刻蚀法 :在经过常规光刻热熔成形和离子束刻蚀技术制成的硅微透镜阵列上再涂敷几层光刻胶 ,以降低各单元微透镜的曲率 ,然后再次进行加热固化和离子束刻蚀。扫描电子显微镜 ( SEM)显示微透镜阵列为表面极为平缓的球冠形阵列 ,表面探针测试结果显示用补偿刻蚀法制作的微透镜的 F数和 F′数分别可达到 31.62和 35.88,而常规光刻热熔法很难制作出 F数和 F′数分别超过 1.0 0和 4 .0 0的微透镜阵列。光学填充因子也由常规方法的 64.3%提高至78.5% ,并且微透镜的点扩散函数也更接近理想值     

硅微透镜阵列的制备工艺

开发了一种和MEMS工艺兼容的基于硅微加工技术的简易硅微透镜阵列制造技术。利用光刻胶热熔法和等离子体刻蚀法相结合的方法,实现了在硅晶圆上制作不同尺寸的硅微透镜阵列的工艺过程。实验中,对透镜制作过程中的热熔工艺、刻蚀工艺进行了深入的研究。最终确定了最优的工艺参数,制备了孔径在20~90μm、表面质量高的硅微透镜阵列。     

InP微透镜的设计与制作北大核心

高速光电探测器采用芯片背面带微透镜的背入射结构,利用微透镜对光的汇聚提高芯片与光纤的耦合效率。软件模拟发现,光敏面直径为30μm的芯片采用背入射结构时,其等效光敏面直径大于50μm,并且透镜拱高为8～15μm时,能更好实现对光的汇聚。对于InP微透镜的制作,首先要制作出透镜形状的光刻胶胶型,然后通过电感耦合等离子体（ICP）刻蚀将光刻胶图形转移到InP衬底上。光刻胶坚膜温度与坚膜时间对光刻胶形成透镜形状有很大影响。通过优化条件,150℃坚膜3 min的光刻胶呈规则透镜形状,并且表面光滑无褶皱。通过调节反应离子刻蚀（RIE）功率和ICP功率找到了合适的InP刻蚀速率,调节Cl2和BCl3的体积流量比改变了InP和光刻胶的刻蚀选择比,从而制作出不同拱高的微透镜。     

自写入光波导聚合物微透镜阵列的设计与制作

利用聚合物SU-8光刻胶在激光作用下折射率会发生变化的特点,将其作为最后的光学材料,采用光刻胶热熔法和图形转移法,设计并制作了填充因子接近0.75、自写入光波导、六角排列的微透镜阵列。对阵列的表面形态、三维结构和光学性能分别进行了观察、测试与分析,发现用SU-8胶制作的微透镜阵列外观良好,边缘清晰;自写入光波导微透镜阵列的三维结构良好;波导末梢的光点分布均匀,光强一致性高。这种自写入光波导的微透镜阵列降低了透镜阵列与探测阵列精确装配的难度,而且其制作工艺流程简单、成本低廉、适合批量复制,这种阵列元件还有质量轻、体积小的特点,有很广的应用前景。     

微柱透镜阵列的全息-光刻胶热熔制作技术

为改善微柱透镜阵列的制作技术、消除光刻工艺对光刻掩模版的依赖,研究了利用全息-热熔技术制作微柱透镜阵列的新方法,即首先采用了全息技术进行曝光,然后利用光刻胶热熔技术在K9玻璃基底上制作出了面形良好的微柱透镜阵列。实验结果表明,进行全息曝光并显影后,能够在光刻胶表面产生良好的正弦阵列表面结构,之后采用光刻胶热熔技术可将光刻胶的正弦阵列结构转变为微柱透镜阵列,且实验结果良好。     

一种新的微透镜阵列制作技术

介绍了一种利用光刻、等离子体刻蚀和高温热熔等工艺在PMMA材料上制作折射微透镜的新方法,该方法具有刻蚀工艺容差大、热熔后球冠形貌好、易于和CCD实现工艺集成等优点。经过对各个工艺参数的优化实验,制备出了具有良好球冠形貌的微透镜阵列,并成功与256×256内线转移CCD完成了工艺集成,集成后微透镜阵列的整体形貌和尺寸与设计值相吻合。     

一种新型聚合物微透镜阵列的制造技术

提出了一种利用软模压印制备微透镜阵列的技术.采用传统的光刻胶热熔方法制备微透镜阵列母板,利用复制模具的方法在聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)上得到一个和母板表面图形相反的模具,最后通过压印的方法把PDMS模具上的图形转移到涂有紫外固化胶的玻璃基片上,待紫外胶完全固化后可得到和母板一致的微透镜阵列.经过测试微透镜阵列的焦点图像和表面形貌可发现最后制备的微透镜阵列表面形貌均匀、聚焦性能良好、光忖强均匀.     

基于MOEMS工艺制作柔性光学传感器

基于MOEMS技术研究了一种用于仿生柔性光学传感器的曲面微透镜的制作方法.首先利用传统的光刻胶热熔工艺制作了平面微透镜阵列,然后利用深刻蚀(ICP)制作了一种硅岛阵列支撑结构,在硅岛上涂覆一层聚酰亚胺,并固化,形成柔性的结构.利用这种技术所制作的微型光学传感器既具有一定的柔性,又具有一定的强度,而且与传统的硅工艺相兼容.     

128×128硅衍射微透镜阵列的设计与制备

通过考虑互相关联的光学和工艺参数 ,设计了 3～ 5μm红外 12 8× 12 8硅衍射微透镜阵列。阵列中微透镜的孔径为 10 0μm,透镜 F数为 f / 1.5,微透镜阵列的中心距为 10 0μm。采用多次光刻和离子束刻蚀技术在硅衬底表面制备衍射微透镜阵列。对实际的工艺过程和制备方法进行了讨论 ,对制备出的 12 8× 12 8硅衍射微透镜阵列的光学性能和表面浮雕结构进行了测量。     

128×128PtSi红外焦平耐用硅衍射微镜阵列的设计与制备

通过考虑互相关联的光学和工艺参数,设计了3～5μm红外128×128硅衍射微透镜阵列.阵列中微透镜的孔径为50μm,透镜F数为f/2.5,微透镜阵列的中心距为50μm.采用多次光刻和离子束刻蚀技术在硅衬底表面制备衍射微透镜阵列.对实际的工艺过程和制备方法进行了讨论,对制备出的128×128硅衍射微透镜阵列的光学性能和表面浮雕结构进行了测量.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.